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Rreth 14,400 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, nj\u00eb k\u00eblysh ujku disa jav\u00ebsh h\u00ebngri vaktin e tij t\u00eb fundit \u2014 mish nga nj\u00eb rinoceront leshatak \u2014 pak p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb ngordhte n\u00eb peizazhin e ashp\u00ebr t\u00eb Epok\u00ebs s\u00eb Akullit n\u00eb Siberin\u00eb verilindore.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb nj\u00eb arritje t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji, studiuesit kan\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb ADN-n\u00eb dhe kan\u00eb riprodhuar gjenomin e rinocerontit nga nj\u00eb cop\u00eb mishi t\u00eb patretur n\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtjen e stomakut t\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb mbetjet e k\u00eblyshit, t\u00eb zbuluara n\u00eb permafrost (tok\u00eb e ngrir\u00eb) pran\u00eb fshatit Tumat. K\u00ebto gjetje gjenomike ofruan informacione mbi fatin e k\u00ebsaj specieje mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse barngr\u00ebn\u00ebse me brir\u00eb, t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur me t\u00eb ftohtin, q\u00eb dikur ishte e zakonshme n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn veriore dhe Azi.<\/span><\/p>\n Studiuesit krahasuan gjenomin e k\u00ebtij rinoceronti me ato t\u00eb dy individ\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs specie q\u00eb jetuan mij\u00ebra vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb \u2014 rreth 18,000 dhe 49,000 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb \u2014 p\u00ebr t\u00eb ekzaminuar ndryshimet gjenetike me kalimin e koh\u00ebs. Duke b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, ata m\u00ebsuan se rinoceronti leshatak si specie mbeti gjenetikisht i sh\u00ebndetsh\u00ebm deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb Epok\u00ebs s\u00eb Akullit, p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb p\u00ebsonte nj\u00eb kolaps t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb, me gjasa sepse ngrohja e klim\u00ebs zhduku mjedisin e tyre t\u00eb preferuar t\u00eb step\u00eb-tundr\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr shembull, gjenomi i sapozbuluar nuk tregoi asnj\u00eb prov\u00eb t\u00eb “inbreeding” (kryq\u00ebzimit brenda llojit) q\u00eb do t\u00eb sugjeronte r\u00ebnie t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb. K\u00ebrkime t\u00eb tjera kan\u00eb treguar se rinoceronti leshatak u zhduk rreth 14,000 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, vet\u00ebm pak qindra vjet pasi ky individ kishte jetuar.<\/span><\/p>\n Arritje n\u00eb gjenetik\u00ebn evolucionare<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n “Me k\u00ebt\u00eb k\u00ebrkim ne demonstrojm\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrftohet nj\u00eb gjenom me cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb nga materiale t\u00eb ruajtura keq q\u00eb datojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb vendimtare t\u00eb historis\u00eb s\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb specieje,”<\/em> tha gjenetistja evolucionare Solveig Gudjonsdottir, autore kryesore e studimit t\u00eb botuar t\u00eb m\u00ebrkur\u00ebn n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Genome Biology and Evolution.<\/span><\/p>\n Rinoceronti leshatak, emri i llojit t\u00eb t\u00eb cilit \u00ebsht\u00eb Coelodonta antiquitatis, shfaqet p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb rekordet fosile rreth 600,000 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Ai u b\u00eb nj\u00eb nga gjitar\u00ebt e shumt\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj q\u00eb u zhduk\u00ebn rreth fundit t\u00eb Epok\u00ebs s\u00eb fundit t\u00eb Akullit, s\u00eb bashku me mamuth\u00ebt leshatak\u00eb, macet me dh\u00ebmb\u00eb shpat\u00eb dhe lloje t\u00eb tjer\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n “Rinoceronti leshatak ishte nj\u00eb kafsh\u00eb e madhe, q\u00eb arrinte deri n\u00eb rreth 2 metra lart\u00ebsi dhe ishte i mbuluar me g\u00ebzof t\u00eb trash\u00eb dhe t\u00eb gjat\u00eb,”<\/em> tha Gudjonsdottir. “Ai kishte dy brir\u00eb, nj\u00eb gung\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb shpin\u00eb, trup t\u00eb b\u00ebsh\u00ebm dhe k\u00ebmb\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb shkurtra.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n