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Nga Auron Tare<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Me t\u00eb mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb Janin\u00eb n\u00eb muajin qershor 1795, mora si dhurat\u00eb nga tregtari vendas Dhimit\u00ebr Vasili nj\u00eb figur\u00eb prej bronzi. Statueta ishte nj\u00eb Merkur n\u00eb stilin m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs klasike greke. Pasi pyeta m\u00eb tej, m\u00eb than\u00eb se ishte gjetur nga disa fshatar\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb fshat t\u00eb quajtur Paramithi. <\/span><\/p>\n Pas nj\u00eb shiu t\u00eb rr\u00ebmbyesh\u00ebm, ata i kishin par\u00eb tek vezullonin n\u00eb nj\u00eb ar\u00eb q\u00eb e punonin dhe i kishin mbledhur nj\u00eb nga nj\u00eb. I kishin sjell\u00eb n\u00eb Janin\u00eb, ku nj\u00eb bak\u00ebrxhi i kishte bler\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019i shkrir\u00eb, por fatmir\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb tregtar q\u00eb kishte udh\u00ebtuar deri n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb dhe kishte par\u00eb statuja, mendoi se kishin nj\u00ebfar\u00eb vlere. I kishte bler\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pas ia kishte shitur nj\u00eb funksionari t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Petersburg. Mund t\u00eb them se pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e tyre i kishte shp\u00ebtuar zjarrit t\u00eb bak\u00ebrxhiut t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n D\u00ebshmia e udh\u00ebtarit, gjeologut dhe botanistit irlandez John Hawkins m\u00eb 1820* hap faqen e nj\u00eb prej historive m\u00eb interesante t\u00eb koleksioneve antike n\u00eb koh\u00ebt moderne. Rrug\u00ebtimi i figurinave prej bronzi, gjetur rast\u00ebsisht n\u00eb Ajdhonat (Paramythia e sotme) dhe mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb British Museum. John Hawkins, nj\u00eb prej udh\u00ebtar\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm n\u00eb territoret e kontrolluara nga Ali Pash\u00eb Tepelena n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, ishte nj\u00eb prej an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb \u201cShoq\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Diletant\u00ebve\u201d, nj\u00eb klub aristokrat\u00ebsh eksentrik\u00eb, kryesisht anglez\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ishin t\u00eb interesuar p\u00ebr udh\u00ebtime dhe eksplorime n\u00eb territoret e Rom\u00ebs s\u00eb Lasht\u00eb, Greqis\u00eb Antike dhe Orientit Mesjetar. John Hawkins, pasi kishte vizituar<\/span><\/p>\n Stambollin dhe disa vise t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb, kishte mbetur i bllokuar n\u00eb Selanik.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb luft\u00ebs detare franko-britanike q\u00eb kishte filluar, ai e kishte t\u00eb pamundur t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonte me anije nga Selaniku drejt Europ\u00ebs. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb kishte \u00e7ar\u00eb p\u00ebrmes grykave t\u00eb mbushura me kacak\u00eb t\u00eb territoreve malore t\u00eb Vilajetit t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs dhe kishte mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb Kryeqytetin e Aliut, Janin\u00ebn.<\/span><\/p>\n Sh\u00ebnimet e tij, shum\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohura, jan\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhur n\u00eb botimin periodik t\u00eb \u201cShoq\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Diletant\u00ebve\u201d, si dhe n\u00eb librin me skica nga udh\u00ebtimet e Robert Walpole n\u00eb Orient, botuar n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr m\u00eb 1817*. Robert Walpole, nj\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs i Earl-it t\u00eb Oxfordit dhe Kryeministrit t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb Britanis\u00eb, udh\u00ebtoi p\u00ebr mbi dy vjet n\u00eb Mesdhe, duke botuar n\u00eb kthim nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr shum\u00eb interesant nga zbulimet e tij n\u00eb territoret e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lib\u00ebr, mbushur me skica t\u00eb vendeve q\u00eb kishte vizituar,<\/span><\/p>\n Walpole shkruan edhe p\u00ebr p\u00ebrshtypjet e disa udh\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb britanik\u00eb q\u00eb kishin shkelur viset q\u00eb ai vet\u00eb nuk kishte mundur t\u2019i vizitonte, sidomos n\u00eb \u201cTurqin\u00eb Europiane\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, ai p\u00ebrfshin v\u00ebzhgimet e John Hawkins-it, i cili, duke udh\u00ebtuar n\u00eb vise t\u00eb panjohura t\u00eb Vilajetit t\u00eb Janin\u00ebs, kishte mundur t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgonte jo vet\u00ebm fshatrat dhe kultur\u00ebn e thell\u00ebsis\u00eb ballkanike t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Osmane, por, si nj\u00eb gjeolog dhe botanist i apasionuar, kishte mundur t\u00eb b\u00ebnte edhe nj\u00eb list\u00eb t\u00eb flor\u00ebs q\u00eb kishte hasur gjat\u00eb udh\u00ebtimit. Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, ai kishte zbuluar g\u00ebshtenj\u00ebn e eg\u00ebr \u201cAesculus<\/span><\/p>\n hippocastanum\u201d, e panjohur ende n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, e cila u soll dhe u rrit me sukses n\u00eb Herbariumin e Londr\u00ebs. Gjetja e figurines prej bronzi q\u00eb ai i mori nga Janina p\u00ebrmendet shum\u00eb kalimthi, pasi interesi i tij ishte mineralogjia dhe botanika, por d\u00ebshmia e tij p\u00ebr zbulimin e tyre ka vler\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr historin\u00eb e nj\u00eb prej koleksioneve m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb Muzeut Britanik n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr. Koleksioni I Paramithis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Kjo d\u00ebshmi, n\u00eb fakt, mori vlera t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb 1824, kur Muzeumi Britanik mori si dhurat\u00eb koleksionin e Richard Payne Knight, nj\u00eb filantrop dhe eksentrik britanik par excellence. Payne, i cili kishte trash\u00ebguar nj\u00eb pasuri t\u00eb madhe dhe jetonte midis k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebs s\u00eb tij n\u00eb fshat dhe sht\u00ebpis\u00eb londineze, njihej si nj\u00eb nga studiuesit m\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb artit antik n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr. I njohur ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr dedikimin e tij n\u00eb studime t\u00eb<\/span><\/p>\n thelluara mbi kultin e Serapisit dhe botues i nj\u00eb libri unik mbi artin e dedikuar k\u00ebtij kulti, ai u njoh dhe u cil\u00ebsua nga publiku si kryetar i komisionit p\u00ebr blerjen e Statujave Antike q\u00eb njihen si \u201cElgin Marbles\u201d, fragmentet antike t\u00eb marra nga Akropoli i Athin\u00ebs nga Lordi Elgin. Richard Payne Knight argumentonte n\u00eb publik se Frizat antike t\u00eb sjella nga Lord Elgin nuk kishin asnj\u00eb vler\u00eb n\u00eb estetik\u00ebn e artit dhe skulptur\u00ebs dhe refuzoi t\u00eb ndihmonte n\u00eb blerjen e tyre. P\u00ebrkundrazi, argumentonte ai, estetika dhe perfeksioni<\/span><\/p>\n artistik nuk gjendeshin n\u00eb veprat masive, por q\u00ebndronin n\u00eb artin e miniatur\u00ebs. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, n\u00eb k\u00ebshtjell\u00ebn e tij kishte mbledhur nj\u00eb koleksion shum\u00eb t\u00eb pasur me statueta nga periudha greko-romake, por edhe nga vise t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Mesdheut. Disa nga kryeveprat e sotme t\u00eb Muzeut Britanik jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e koleksionit t\u00eb Richard Payne Knight.<\/span><\/p>\n Me vdekjen e tij, ky koleksion iu fal me testament Muzeut. Nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, kurator\u00ebt e muzeut mor\u00ebn edhe 12 statueta prej bronzi t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs greko-romake, t\u00eb cilat Payne i kishte bler\u00eb n\u00eb Rusi. Si nj\u00eb ekspert skrupuloz, ai kishte sh\u00ebnuar edhe historin\u00eb e tyre.Statuetat ishin sjell\u00eb nga Janina, kryeqyteti i zot\u00ebrimeve t\u00eb Ali Pash\u00eb Tepelen\u00ebs, n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Petersburg nga nj\u00eb tregtar janjinjot. <\/span><\/p>\n Ishin bler\u00eb p\u00ebr koleksionin e Perandoresh\u00ebs Katerina e Madhe (me shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi nga konti Stroganoff, drejtues i Akademis\u00eb s\u00eb Arteve t\u00eb Bukura t\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Petersburgut, shenimi yne),\u00a0 e cila\u00a0 kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00eblqimin\u00a0<\/span>p\u00ebr blerjen e tyre kur\u00a0 papritmas u nda nga jeta. Me vdekjen e Perandoresh\u00ebs Katerina e Madhe m\u00eb 1796, pagesa p\u00ebr to nuk u krye dhe statueta u ndan\u00eb midis koleksionit t\u00eb familjes Czernicheff dhe nj\u00eb fisniku polak, M. de Wierislowsky, n\u00eb Varshav\u00eb.*<\/span><\/p>\n Nje pjese e ketij koleksioni dedikuar per perandoreshen Ruse ra ne doren e Kontit Golowkin nje aristokrat rus me shume gjase degezim i familjes se famshme te Gavril Ivanovich Golowkin ish Kryeminister i Perandorise. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, sipas sh\u00ebnimeve t\u00eb Richard Payne-it, nj\u00eb prej statuetave vjen n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr nga nj\u00eb prej dragoman\u00ebve (p\u00ebrkthyes, sh\u00ebn. yn\u00eb) q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbenin n\u00eb Oborrin e Sh\u00ebn<\/span><\/p>\n Petersburgut. Duke vler\u00ebsuar r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre historike dhe artistike, Richard Payne Knight d\u00ebrgon nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Petersburg, i cili negocion p\u00ebr blerjen e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb koleksionit. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr kishte mb\u00ebrritur John Hawkins, i cili sillte me vete jo vet\u00ebm specimene t\u00eb g\u00ebshtenj\u00ebs s\u00eb eg\u00ebr, por edhe Merkurin e marr\u00eb n\u00eb Janin\u00eb. I vetmi d\u00ebshmitar i origjin\u00ebs s\u00eb statuetave t\u00eb gjetura n\u00eb Paramithi dhe i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e k\u00ebtij zbulimi, ai filloi t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte pjes\u00ebt e tjera.<\/span><\/p>\n Mundi t\u00eb zbulonte vetem\u00a0<\/span>dy: nj\u00eb Statuete te Herkulit dhe nj\u00eb medalion t\u00eb Af\u00ebrdit\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat kishin mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb ishullin grek t\u00eb Smirn\u00ebs, i populluar gjer\u00ebsisht nga arvanit\u00ebt e koh\u00ebs. Me an\u00eb t\u00eb Thoma Amaxarit, dragomanit t\u00eb ambasadorit turk n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, ai mundi t\u2019i sillte edhe ato n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr.* Tashm\u00eb\u00a0 John Hawkins\u00a0 ishte n\u00eb zot\u00ebrim t\u00eb tri statuetave prej bronzi. Richard Payne dhe John Hawkings dukej sikur kishin hyre ne nje gare te forte per te sjelle ne Londer KOleksionin e Paramithise. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb shum\u00eb q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar n\u00eb <\/span>shkrimet e tij,\u00a0 Payne mundi t\u00eb blinte dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb statueta nga Shen Petersburgu.*<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb paqarta, por fatlume, dy nga statuetat e Paramithise\u00a0 sillen n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr m\u00eb 1820 nga Lordi Aberdeen, nj\u00eb personalitet i shquar i diplomacis\u00eb britanike, i cili ia dhuron ato Richard Payne Knight-it.*<\/span><\/p>\n Tashm\u00eb duket se pak a shum\u00eb i gjith\u00eb zbulimi i fshatar\u00ebve t\u00eb Paramithise, b\u00ebr\u00eb gati 25 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, ndodhej n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr. T\u00eb entuziazmuar nga dhurata e Richard Payne-it dhe nga lajmi se Hawkins kishte nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb statuetave, kurator\u00ebt e British Museum botojn\u00eb n\u00eb Buletinin e Muzeumit nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim shkencor t\u00eb tyre.* Ky ishte p\u00ebrshkrimi i par\u00eb, i cili do t\u00eb pasohej nd\u00ebr vite nga studiues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt i ka surprizuar vlera e jasht\u00ebzakonshme artistike e k\u00ebtyre statuetave t\u00eb gjetura n\u00eb mal\u00ebsit\u00eb e \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Udh\u00ebtari dhe studiuesi i par\u00eb i koh\u00ebs q\u00eb i kushtoi v\u00ebmendje zbulimit t\u00eb Paramithise ishte kapiten William Martin Leake. Si konsull pran\u00eb Ali Pash\u00ebs, ai mund t\u00eb udh\u00ebtonte n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha territoret e Aliut. Gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtimi n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e \u00c7am\u00ebris\u00eb m\u00eb 1809, i vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb zbulim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, ai nd\u00ebrmerr edhe nj\u00eb vizit\u00eb eksploruese p\u00ebrqark fshatit Paramithi. Nga d\u00ebshmit\u00eb e mbledhura nga banor\u00ebt, ai e<\/span><\/p>\n lokalizon m\u00eb qart\u00eb vendin ku u gjet\u00ebn statuajat. Sipas Leake-ut, ato jan\u00eb gjetur n\u00eb nj\u00eb lugin\u00eb n\u00eb veri t\u00eb fshatit, \u201cpran\u00eb lumit Kokytos, ku gjendet fshati Labov\u00eb\u201d.*<\/span><\/p>\n Nga v\u00ebzhgimi i tij, ai shkruan se kishte par\u00eb qeramik\u00eb t\u00eb thyer t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb fushat e fshatit, si dhe fragmente guri t\u00eb punuar.Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, ekspedita e par\u00eb e madhe arkeologjike n\u00eb Epir, e udh\u00ebhequr nga Konsulli Francez i Napoleonit pran\u00eb Ali Pash\u00ebs, Fran\u00e7ois Pouqueville dhe m\u00eb pas Henry Holland, e p\u00ebrmend zon\u00ebn e Paramithis\u00eb si t\u00eb pasur n\u00eb gjetje antike, sidomos n\u00eb figurina bronzi dhe objekte kultike t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs falike.<\/span><\/p>\n Studiuesi i dyt\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb lokalizoj\u00eb vendgjetjen e koleksionit \u00ebsht\u00eb Nicholas Hammond, nj\u00eb figur\u00eb legjendare me kontribut t\u00eb spikatur n\u00eb studimin e antikitetit t\u00eb Epirit dhe botues i nj\u00eb prej librave m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm mbi Epirin. Prof. Hammond, i cili e shkeli \u00c7am\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e Jugut gjat\u00eb viteve 1930, shkruan se vendodhja m\u00eb e sakt\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb fshati i sot\u00ebm Limbone, ku jan\u00eb gjetur nj\u00eb seri mbishkrimesh antike dhe ku k\u00ebrkimet e m\u00ebtejshme e identifikojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb zon\u00eb me kolonin\u00eb romake t\u00eb Phoitikes.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb fakt, teza e hedhur nga Hammond se koleksioni i Ajdhonatit duhet identifikuar me kolonin\u00eb romake t\u00eb Phoitikes ishte edhe sfida e par\u00eb p\u00ebr koleksionin. N\u00eb Buletinin e British Museum dhe n\u00eb botimin e \u201cShoq\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb Diletant\u00ebve\u201d t\u00eb vitit 1824, koleksioni p\u00ebrshkruhej si \u201cnj\u00eb vazhdim\u00ebsi e revolucionit t\u00eb artit t\u00eb shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb Lysippos-it, art q\u00eb lul\u00ebzoi n\u00eb Maqedoni dhe Epir\u201d. N\u00ebse ky p\u00ebrkufizim \u00ebsht\u00eb i sakt\u00eb, at\u00ebher\u00eb koleksioni jo vet\u00ebm ka nj\u00eb vler\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme p\u00ebr artin bot\u00ebror, por edhe e vendos at\u00eb n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn post-Lysippiane, 370\u2013300 p.e.s.<\/span><\/p>\n Ky datim u b\u00eb nga vet\u00eb Richard Payne Knight, si njoh\u00ebsi m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i koh\u00ebs, i cili besonte se statuetat duhet t\u00eb ishin vepra t\u00eb dala nga shkolla e Lysippos-it dhe ishin fshehur p\u00ebr t\u2019u ruajtur nga pronari i tyre p\u00ebrpara pushtimit romak t\u00eb prokonsullit Paul Emilius m\u00eb 167 p.e.s., pushtim i cili solli shkat\u00ebrrimin e nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb qytetesh antike, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb kryeqendr\u00ebn epirote t\u00eb Phoenices (Finiqi i sot\u00ebm). <\/span><\/p>\n Skulptori grek Lysippos, nga shkolla e Sikyonit, rivali i vet\u00ebm i shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb Athin\u00ebs antike, mbahet si skulptori m\u00eb i madh i periudh\u00ebs klasike greke t\u00eb veprave n\u00eb bronz. Mjesht\u00ebr i realizmit dhe dinamik\u00ebs s\u00eb trupit njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb derdhur n\u00eb bronz, fatkeq\u00ebsisht asnj\u00eb vep\u00ebr e tij nuk ka mb\u00ebrritur deri tek ne p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar fam\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb madhe. Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb seri veprash t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs romake mendohet se jan\u00eb kopje t\u00eb artit t\u00eb tij<\/span><\/p>\n ose t\u00eb influencuara prej tij. Ideja se statuetat e Paramithise\u00a0 nuk ishin datuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb korrekte vjen p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb nga profesori gjerman Karl Anton Neugebauer, i cili n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb vitit 1928<\/span><\/p>\n argumenton se statuetat duhet t\u2019i p\u00ebrkasin periudh\u00ebs romake. K\u00ebsaj ideje i q\u00ebndron edhe studiuesi britanik N. G. L. Hammond, i cili, pas nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb eksplorimesh n\u00eb territoret e Epirit antik gjat\u00eb viteve 1930, boton pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore kryevepr\u00ebn e tij \u201cEpiri\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n Prof. Hammond, i cili identifikon vendgjetjen e koleksionit me kolonin\u00eb romake t\u00eb Phoitikes pran\u00eb Paramithis\u00eb s\u00eb sotme, arsyeton se datimi i statuetave t\u00eb British Museum-it nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i periudh\u00ebs klasike helenistike, por se ato jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb vile t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme romake. Statuetat n\u00eb koleksionin e Richard Payne Knight-it nuk jan\u00eb gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb lararium-i, nj\u00eb sanktuar i dedikuar per\u00ebndive t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb ruanin dhe mbronin familjet romake. <\/span><\/p>\n Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs romake, Lar Familiaris ishte nj\u00eb aspekt shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i familjes romake. Kryesisht i vendosur pran\u00eb vatr\u00ebs s\u00eb sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, ky altar familjar ruante t\u00eb gjitha per\u00ebndit\u00eb dhe per\u00ebndeshat q\u00eb ajo familje adhuronte dhe ku kryheshin ceremonit\u00eb fetare. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb arsyetim, Prof. Hammond shkruan se statuetat prej bronzi duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb vile t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme romake, e vendosur pran\u00eb kolonis\u00eb s\u00eb Phoitikes. <\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb fakt, me rikthimin e Jul Cezarit n\u00eb Rom\u00eb si diktator, nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr reformat m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb propozuara n\u00eb Senat ishte vendosja e veteran\u00ebve t\u00eb legjioneve t\u00eb tij n\u00eb territoret e nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb Mesdheut. Prania e kolon\u00ebve romak\u00eb n\u00eb Epir \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar mjaft mir\u00eb nga letrat e Titus Pomponius Atticus-it, nj\u00eb prej mecenat\u00ebve m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm romak\u00eb, mik i Ciceronit dhe nj\u00eb prej njoh\u00ebsve m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs<\/span><\/p>\n helene t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Atticus, botues i fjalimeve t\u00eb Ciceronit, kishte nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb vil\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb territorin e Butrintit, ku kishte sjell\u00eb nj\u00eb koleksion veprash klasike, si dhe nj\u00eb mori statujash q\u00eb i kishte bler\u00eb n\u00eb Athin\u00eb, por edhe m\u00eb tej. Atticus, i cili kund\u00ebrshtonte vendosjen e kolon\u00ebve romak\u00eb n\u00eb Butrint, p\u00ebrshkruan debatet politike t\u00eb Senatit p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje, por na informon se plane p\u00ebr koloni t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb Epir ishin n\u00eb diskutim.<\/span><\/p>\n Nuk kemi nj\u00eb dat\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb se kur kolonit\u00eb romake u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb bregun epirot, por me gjas\u00eb kjo ndodhi pas vrasjes s\u00eb Cezarit dhe vendosjes n\u00eb krye t\u00eb Rom\u00ebs t\u00eb Augustit fitimtar, i cili themelon edhe nj\u00eb qytet p\u00ebr nder t\u00eb fitores s\u00eb tij kund\u00ebr Mark Antonit dhe Kleopatr\u00ebs: Nikopolisin e famsh\u00ebm (Preveza e sotme). <\/span><\/p>\n Pra, n\u00ebse mund t\u00eb marrim si dat\u00eb t\u00eb vendosjes s\u00eb kolon\u00ebve romak\u00eb n\u00eb Epir pik\u00ebrisht periudh\u00ebn pas themelimit t\u00eb Nikopolisit, 31 p.e.s., mund t\u00eb themi se edhe kolonit\u00eb e Butrintit dhe Phoitikes mund t\u00eb datohen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, p\u00ebrpara k\u00ebtij kolonizimi dim\u00eb, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti nga autori romak i k\u00ebsaj periudhe Varro, i cili n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij De Re Rustica shkruan se nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i konsideruesh\u00ebm pronar\u00ebsh t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj romak\u00eb ishin vendosur n\u00eb Epir, ku kishin si ekonomi kryesore rritjen e bag\u00ebtive dhe zot\u00ebronin hap\u00ebsira t\u00eb m\u00ebdha toke.<\/span><\/p>\n Varro i p\u00ebrshkruan k\u00ebta pronar\u00eb romak\u00eb si pjes\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb peizazhit t\u00eb Epirit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt jetonin n\u00eb vila t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe sh\u00ebrbeheshin nga nj\u00eb mori skllev\u00ebrish. Duke pasur parasysh faktin se nga studimet mbi transformimin e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb malore epirote m\u00ebsojm\u00eb se, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, banor\u00ebt adhuronin zotat e tyre lokal\u00eb dhe se zbulimi i statujave romake n\u00eb Epir \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i rrall\u00eb, mund t\u00eb themi se statuetat e Paramithise, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb n\u00eb<\/span><\/p>\n p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi zotat e nj\u00eb altari romak, duhet t\u00eb ken\u00eb qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb prej vilave t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre patric\u00ebve romano-epirotas.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr Prof. Hammond-in nuk ka dyshim se vila e dikurshme, ku k\u00ebto statueta nderoheshin dhe adhuroheshin, vjen nga nj\u00eb vil\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme romake ende e pazbuluar. Ky mendim \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrforcuar edhe nga disa studiues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb marr\u00eb me identifikimin e tyre. Por r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia m\u00eb e madhe q\u00eb k\u00ebto statueta kishin p\u00ebr pronarin e tyre t\u00eb dikursh\u00ebm ishte identiteti i tij kulturor. Vendosja e tyre n\u00eb vendin m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm t\u00eb vil\u00ebs ishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrforcim i k\u00ebtij identiteti, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr familjar\u00ebt, por<\/span><\/p>\n edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vizitor\u00ebt e vil\u00ebs, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk duhet t\u00eb harronin n\u00eb asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb se<\/span><\/p>\n pronari i saj ishte pjes\u00eb e fuqis\u00eb q\u00eb shtrinte Roma edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebto vise malore.*<\/span><\/p>\n Koleksioni i Richard Payne Knight-it dhuruar Muzeut Britanik<\/span><\/p>\n Si\u00e7 u p\u00ebrshkrua m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, koleksioni i Richard Payne Knight-it, i cili u ble n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Petersburg dhe ishte pjes\u00eb e koleksionit t\u00eb Perandoresh\u00ebs Katerina e Madhe, iu dhurua Muzeut Britanik me nj\u00eb testament t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb. Identifikimi i k\u00ebtyre statuetave u b\u00eb nga vet\u00eb Payne Knight-i, i cili, sipas studimeve t\u00eb m\u00ebvonshme, ka identifikuar gabimisht dat\u00ebn e derdhjes s\u00eb tyre n\u00eb bronz. N\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, statueta nr. 12, Payne Knight-i e kishte identifikuar si Ganimedin, heroin e famsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Homerit, i cili, sipas mitologjis\u00eb, ishte i q\u00eb i sh\u00ebrbente n\u00eb Olimp ver\u00ebn per\u00ebndis\u00eb Zeus.<\/span><\/p>\n Studiuesit e m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb dakord se kjo statuete nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb Ganimedi, por nj\u00eb Lar, nj\u00eb hyjni romake q\u00eb mbron familjen romake. Gjetja e Lar-it ndryshoi, n\u00eb fakt, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb narrativ\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij koleksioni. N\u00eb fakt jo shum\u00eb larg kolonis\u00eb romake t\u00eb Paramithis\u00eb, p\u00ebrtej lumit Acheron qe ndan sot kufirin modern Greko shqiptar, n\u00eb kolonin\u00eb e Butrintit, nj\u00eb statuete e ngjashme e per\u00ebndis\u00eb Pan u zbulua rast\u00ebsisht nga nj\u00eb m\u00ebsues dhe arkeolog amator ne mesin e viteve 80-te. Pani i Butrintit, me shum\u00eb gjas\u00eb edhe ai nj\u00eb Lar familjar i ndonj\u00eb prej banoreve n\u00eb Butrint t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ende ruanin t\u00eb forte kultin lokal t\u00eb Panit, mbrojt\u00ebsit t\u00eb barinjve dhe pejsazheve baritore.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb koleksionin e Richard Payne Knight-it \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe statueta e Isis-Serapis, nj\u00eb per\u00ebndesh\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn egjiptiane. E sjell\u00eb n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn helenistike nga marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkulturore greko-egjiptiane, Isis-Serapis adhurohej si nj\u00eb per\u00ebndesh\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme e universit greko-egjiptian. Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs romake dhe shtrirjes s\u00eb saj n\u00eb Mesdhe, Isis-Serapis adhurohej nga nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i kufizuar pasuesish, por t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha territoret e Rom\u00ebs. P\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht mendohet se adhuruesit e Isis-Serapis ishin ata q\u00eb vinin nga territoret e Egjiptit dhe Siris\u00eb. Prania e<\/span><\/p>\n Isis-it n\u00eb koleksionin e Paramithise \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fakt shum\u00eb interesant, duke sjell\u00eb hipotez\u00ebn se nj\u00eb person i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb vil\u00ebn romake mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb ardhur nga k\u00ebto territore. N\u00eb mbishkrimet e Butrintit \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur prania e nj\u00eb skllavi pers, i cili fiton lirin\u00eb n\u00eb faltoren e Asklepit diku n\u00eb shekullin III p.e.s.*<\/span><\/p>\n (Drini & Cabanes). Pra prania e nj\u00eb personi nga territoret e pushtuar\u00a0 te Afrikes Veriore\u00a0\u00a0 n\u00eb Epirin romak ishte nj\u00eb realitet i mundsh\u00ebm. Nj\u00eb e dh\u00ebn\u00eb tjet\u00ebr shum\u00eb interesante mbi Koleksionin e Paramithis\u00eb vjen nga kujtimet e ish-ambasadorit britanik n\u00eb Stamboll, Percy Clinton Sydney Smythe, Viskonti i VI i Strangford. Gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs 1820\u20131824, ai sh\u00ebrbeu si p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues britanik n\u00eb territoret e Perandoris\u00eb Osmane dhe pati mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb krijonte nj\u00eb koleksion t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm me skulptura t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs greko-romake.<\/span><\/p>\n Sipas sh\u00ebnimeve t\u00eb tij, Strangford bleu nga nj\u00eb tregtar janiniot me emrin Karapanos nj\u00eb koleksion statujash dhe objektesh antike. Nd\u00ebr to p\u00ebrfshiheshin edhe dy statueta t\u00eb vogla satiresh, t\u00eb paraqitura n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb theksuar simbolike t\u00eb fertilitetit. sipas burimit, k\u00ebto dy statueta vinin nga krahina e Sulit, konkretisht nga Paramithia. Pas kthimit n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, ish-ambasadori e ekspozoi koleksionin e tij, ku satir\u00ebt zun\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb karakterit t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb rrall\u00eb ikonografik. Koleksioni mbeti<\/span><\/p>\n n\u00eb pron\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij deri pas vdekjes, kur u ble nga arkeologu i njohur Sir Charles Walston, i famsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr studimet e tij mbi simbolik\u00ebn e ekstaz\u00ebs dionisiake dhe dedikimet artistike t\u00eb lidhura me fertilitetin n\u00eb bot\u00ebn antike. Satir\u00ebt e Paramithis\u00eb zun\u00eb nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb koleksionin e tij privat. N\u00eb vitin 1902, Walston botoi vepr\u00ebn e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, Hellenic Art: An Archaeological Review, ku p\u00ebrfshiu nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb holl\u00ebsish\u00ebm mbi origjin\u00ebn, stilin dhe funksionin e kultit t\u00eb Dionisit, si edhe mbi r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre dy statujave. Ai i p\u00ebrshkroi ato si \u201cdy nga shembujt m\u00eb t\u00eb rrall\u00eb t\u00eb artit orgiastik dionisiak q\u00eb kan\u00eb<\/span><\/p>\n mbijetuar nga antikiteti\u201d, duke i datuar n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit III ose fillimin e shekullit II p.e.s. Sipas interpretimit t\u00eb tij, satir\u00ebt e Paramithis\u00eb ishin prodhuar nga nj\u00eb punishte epirote, e ndikuar nga tradita helenistike. Vlera historike e Satireve q\u00ebndron jo vet\u00ebm n\u00eb mjesht\u00ebrin\u00eb teknike, por edhe n\u00eb faktin se ato p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi materiale t\u00eb besimeve dhe riteve t\u00eb lashta t\u00eb Epirit, t\u00eb lidhura ngusht\u00eb me<\/span><\/p>\n kultin e Dionisit dhe me traditat orgiastike q\u00eb praktikonin bashk\u00ebsit\u00eb vendore. Pas vdekjes s\u00eb Walston-it n\u00eb vitin 1927, koleksioni i tij u shp\u00ebrnda nd\u00ebr disa institucione shkencore. Dy statujat e bronzit u blen\u00eb nga British Museum, ku ndodhen edhe sot, t\u00eb kataloguara me numrat BM 1927.12\u201316.1 dhe 1927.12\u201316.2. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, historia e Koleksionit t\u00eb Paramithis\u00eb nuk mbaron k\u00ebtu. N\u00eb vitin 1904, e veja e eksploratorit John Hawkins vendosi t\u00eb dhuroj\u00eb dy statueta nga koleksioni i tij privat n\u00eb Muzeun Britanik. <\/span><\/p>\n Arsyet pse Hawkins nuk i kishte dashur t\u2019i dhuronte ato gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb qarta. Megjithat\u00eb, pothuajse 150 vjet pas zbulimit t\u00eb tyre nga banor\u00ebt e Paramithis\u00eb, statueta kishin udh\u00ebtuar nga Janina n\u00eb Sh\u00ebn Petersburg, Varshav\u00eb dhe Lond\u00ebr, dhe p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb ishin t\u00eb gjitha s\u00ebrish bashk\u00eb, ashtu si dikur pran\u00eb vatres romake. Ishte nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm prej maleve t\u00eb Cam\u00ebris\u00eb por edhe nj\u00eb histori shum\u00eb interesante q\u00eb tregon se arti i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb udh\u00ebton nd\u00ebr shekuj.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/paramithi7.jpg\")
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