{"id":764508,"date":"2025-10-07T12:42:47","date_gmt":"2025-10-07T10:42:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=764508"},"modified":"2025-10-08T22:22:23","modified_gmt":"2025-10-08T20:22:23","slug":"bene-zbulime-ne-mekaniken-kuantike-tre-shkencetare-amerikane-fitojne-nobelin-ne-fizike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2025\/10\/07\/bene-zbulime-ne-mekaniken-kuantike-tre-shkencetare-amerikane-fitojne-nobelin-ne-fizike\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00ebn\u00eb zbulimin e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb mekanik\u00ebn kuantike, tre amerikan\u00eb fitojn\u00eb Nobelin n\u00eb Fizik\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

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Tre shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb nga universitetet\u00a0amerikane\u00a0fituan \u00c7mimin Nobel 2025 n\u00eb Fizik\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e tyre mbi mekanik\u00ebn kuantike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fituesit jan\u00eb John Clarke (Universiteti i Kalifornis\u00eb, Berkeley), Michel H. Devoret (Universiteti i Yale, New Haven dhe Universiteti i Kalifornis\u00eb, Santa Barbara) dhe John M. Martinis (Universiteti i Kalifornis\u00eb, Santa Barbara).<\/span><\/p>\n

Eksperimentet e tyre n\u00eb nj\u00eb qark zbuluan fizik\u00ebn kuantike n\u00eb veprim<\/b><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb pyetje madhore n\u00eb fizik\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb madh\u00ebsia maksimale e nj\u00eb sistemi q\u00eb mund t\u00eb tregoj\u00eb efekte t\u00eb mekanik\u00ebs kuantike. Laureat\u00ebt e \u00c7mimit Nobel t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti kryen eksperimente me nj\u00eb qark elektrik, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ata demonstruan si tunelizimi kuantik mekanik ashtu edhe nivelet e kuantizuara t\u00eb energjis\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb dyja n\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem mjaftuesh\u00ebm\u00a0t\u00eb madh sa p\u00ebr t’u mbajtur n\u00eb dor\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mekanika kuantike lejon nj\u00eb grimc\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebviz\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb pengese, duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb quajtur tunelim (tunnelling). Sapo p\u00ebrfshihen nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh grimcash, efektet e mekanik\u00ebs kuantike zakonisht b\u00ebhen t\u00eb par\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Eksperimentet e laureat\u00ebve treguan se vetit\u00eb kuantike mekanike mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen konkrete n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb makroskopike.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitet 1984 dhe 1985, John Clarke, Michel H. Devoret dhe John M. Martinis kryen nj\u00eb seri eksperimentesh me nj\u00eb qark elektronik t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar me superp\u00ebr\u00e7ues , p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebs q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrcjellin nj\u00eb rrym\u00eb pa rezistenc\u00eb elektrike. N\u00eb qark,\u00a0p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsit \u00a0superp\u00ebr\u00e7ues ndaheshin nga nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb e holl\u00eb materiali jo-p\u00ebr\u00e7ues, nj\u00eb konfigurim i njohur si kryq\u00ebzimi Josephson (Josephson junction). Duke rafinuar dhe matur t\u00eb gjitha vetit\u00eb e ndryshme t\u00eb qarkut t\u00eb tyre, ata ishin n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb kontrollonin dhe eksploronin\u00a0dukurit\u00eb q\u00eb lindnin kur kalonin nj\u00eb rrym\u00eb p\u00ebrmes tij. S\u00eb bashku, grimcat e ngarkuara q\u00eb l\u00ebviznin p\u00ebrmes superp\u00ebr\u00e7uesit p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin nj\u00eb sistem q\u00eb sillej sikur t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb grimc\u00eb e vetme q\u00eb mbushte t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qarkun.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ky sistem makroskopik i ngjash\u00ebm me grimca fillimisht \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn rryma rrjedh pa tension. Sistemi \u00ebsht\u00eb i bllokuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gjendje, nj\u00ebsoj si pas nj\u00eb pengese q\u00eb nuk mund ta kaloj\u00eb. N\u00eb eksperiment, sistemi tregon karakterin e tij kuantik duke arritur t\u00eb shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb nga gjendja e tensionit zero p\u00ebrmes tunelizimit. Gjendja e ndryshuar e sistemit zbulohet p\u00ebrmes shfaqjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb tensioni.<\/span><\/p>\n

Laureat\u00ebt gjithashtu mund\u00ebn\u00a0t\u00eb\u00a0tregojn\u00eb se sistemi sillet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e parashikuar nga mekanika kuantike –\u00a0ai \u00ebsht\u00eb i kuantizuar (quantised), q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ai thith ose l\u00ebshon vet\u00ebm sasi specifike energjie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Transistor\u00ebt n\u00eb mikro\u00e7ipat kompjuterik\u00eb jan\u00eb nj\u00eb shembull i teknologjis\u00eb kuantike t\u00eb vendosur q\u00eb na rrethon. \u00c7mimi Nobel n\u00eb Fizik\u00eb i k\u00ebtij viti ka ofruar mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr zhvillimin e brezit t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb kuantike, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb kriptografin\u00eb kuantike, kompjuterat kuantik\u00eb dhe sensor\u00ebt kuantik\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7mimet Nobel u krijuan nga shpik\u00ebsi suedez Alfred Nobel, i cili vdiq n\u00eb 1896. Ai shoq\u00ebrohet me nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrblim n\u00eb para prej 11 milion\u00eb korona suedeze, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 1 milion dollar\u00eb. Nga viti 1901 deri n\u00eb vitin 2024, n\u00eb fizik\u00eb jan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb 118 \u00c7mime Nobel. Pes\u00eb nga 227 fituesit e fizik\u00ebs kan\u00eb qen\u00eb gra, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Marie Curie n\u00eb vitin 1903.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7mimi i fizik\u00ebs i vitit t\u00eb kaluar iu dha fizikanit John Hopfield dhe shkenc\u00ebtarit kompjuterik Geoffrey Hinton, i cili konsiderohet nj\u00eb nga baballar\u00ebt e inteligjenc\u00ebs artificiale (AI).<\/span><\/p>\n

Zbulimet e tyre n\u00eb vitet 1980 mund\u00ebsuan m\u00ebsimin e makinerive me rrjete nervore artificiale dhe hap\u00ebn rrug\u00ebn p\u00ebr p\u00ebrparimet moderne n\u00eb AI.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tre shkenc\u00ebtar\u00eb nga universitetet\u00a0amerikane\u00a0fituan \u00c7mimin Nobel 2025 n\u00eb Fizik\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e tyre mbi mekanik\u00ebn kuantike. Fituesit jan\u00eb John Clarke (Universiteti i Kalifornis\u00eb, Berkeley), Michel H. Devoret (Universiteti i Yale, New Haven dhe Universiteti i Kalifornis\u00eb, Santa Barbara) dhe John M. Martinis (Universiteti i Kalifornis\u00eb, Santa Barbara). Eksperimentet e tyre n\u00eb nj\u00eb qark zbuluan fizik\u00ebn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":51,"featured_media":764511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-764508","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fast-foodi"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/764508","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=764508"}],"version-history":[{"count":99999,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/764508\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":764513,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/764508\/revisions\/764513"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/764511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=764508"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=764508"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=764508"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}