{"id":757032,"date":"2025-08-25T09:07:38","date_gmt":"2025-08-25T07:07:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=757032"},"modified":"2025-08-25T09:07:38","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T07:07:38","slug":"me-shume-se-2000-arme-berthamore-jane-shperthyer-ne-80-vitet-e-fundit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2025\/08\/25\/me-shume-se-2000-arme-berthamore-jane-shperthyer-ne-80-vitet-e-fundit\/","title":{"rendered":"M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2,000 arm\u00eb b\u00ebrthamore jan\u00eb shp\u00ebrthyer n\u00eb 80 vitet e fundit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Epoka b\u00ebrthamore filloi 80 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb kur SHBA-t\u00eb hodh\u00ebn dy bomba atomike n\u00eb qytetet japoneze t\u00eb\u00a0<\/span>Hiroshim\u00ebs<\/span>\u00a0dhe\u00a0<\/span>Nagasakit<\/span> pran\u00eb fundit t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bombat vran\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb rreth 110,000 njer\u00ebz dhe ndihmuan n\u00eb v\u00ebnien n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb gar\u00ebs s\u00eb armatimeve t\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn SHBA-t\u00eb dhe Bashkimi Sovjetik, si dhe Britania, Franca dhe Kina, u p\u00ebrlesh\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar arm\u00eb b\u00ebrthamore gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ata kryen m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2,000 teste midis viteve 1945 dhe 1996, secila duke krijuar mjetin e vet parandalues \u200b\u200bb\u00ebrthamor, i cili, var\u00ebsisht nga pik\u00ebpamja juaj, ose mb\u00ebshtet ose minon sigurin\u00eb e bot\u00ebs deri m\u00eb sot.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dhe ashtu si n\u00eb Japoni, ku qindra mij\u00ebra njer\u00ebz vdiq\u00ebn nga l\u00ebndimet dhe s\u00ebmundjet q\u00eb lidhen me rrezatimin n\u00eb vitet pas vitit 1945, k\u00ebto teste b\u00ebrthamore d\u00ebmtuan jet\u00ebn, sh\u00ebndetin dhe tok\u00ebn e njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb jetonin aty pran\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb von\u00eb, India, Pakistani dhe Koreja e Veriut kryen gjithashtu testet e tyre, p\u00ebrpara se nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb traktatesh nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare ta frenonin pothuajse plot\u00ebsisht praktik\u00ebn. Vet\u00ebm Koreja e Veriut ka testuar arm\u00eb b\u00ebrthamore n\u00eb shekullin e 21-t\u00eb – m\u00eb s\u00eb fundmi n\u00eb vitin 2017 – dhe q\u00eb nga viti 1980 nuk jan\u00eb kryer teste atmosferike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, \u201cnuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem i s\u00eb kaluar\u00ebs\u201d, tha Togzhan Kassenova, nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtore jo-rezidente n\u00eb Carnegie Endowment for International Peace q\u00eb studion politik\u00ebn b\u00ebrthamore.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edhe pse k\u00ebto arm\u00eb b\u00ebrthamore u shp\u00ebrthyen dekada m\u00eb par\u00eb, \u201cshum\u00eb njer\u00ebz ende po e paguajn\u00eb \u00e7mimin\u201d, tha ajo p\u00ebr CNN.<\/span><\/p>\n

‘Ne ndajm\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat histori’<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fuqit\u00eb e m\u00ebparshme b\u00ebrthamore i testuan bombat e tyre n\u00eb vende q\u00eb i konsideronin t\u00eb larg\u00ebta dhe me popullsi t\u00eb rrall\u00eb, shpesh n\u00eb territorin q\u00eb kishin kolonizuar, shum\u00eb larg qendrave t\u00eb tyre kryesore t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cP\u00ebr ta, testimi shihej si i domosdosh\u00ebm p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. Kur e merr k\u00ebt\u00eb si t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb absolute dhe \u00e7do gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr mbetet e paqart\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e leht\u00eb t\u00eb arrish n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se duhet ta b\u00ebsh\u201d,<\/em>\u00a0tha p\u00ebr CNN Alex Wellerstein, nj\u00eb profesor i asociuar n\u00eb Institutin e Teknologjis\u00eb Stevens n\u00eb New Jersey.<\/span><\/p>\n

SHBA-t\u00eb kryen testimet e tyre b\u00ebrthamore kryesisht n\u00eb Nevada dhe Ishujt Marshall, n\u00eb Oqeanin Paq\u00ebsor qendror; Bashkimi Sovjetik n\u00eb Kazakistan dhe n\u00eb arkipelagun Novaya Zemlya t\u00eb Oqeanit Arktik; Mbret\u00ebria e Bashkuar n\u00eb\u00a0<\/span>Australi<\/span>\u00a0dhe atolin e Paq\u00ebsorit Kiritimati, i njohur m\u00eb par\u00eb si Ishulli i Krishtlindjeve; Franca n\u00eb Algjeri dhe\u00a0<\/span>Polinezin\u00eb Franceze<\/span>\u00a0; dhe Kina n\u00eb Lop Nur, nj\u00eb vend i larg\u00ebt shkret\u00ebtire n\u00eb provinc\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore t\u00eb Xinjiang.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Bashkimi Sovjetik testoi m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 450 bomba n\u00eb vendin e testimit Semipalatinsk n\u00eb Kazakistan nga viti 1949 deri n\u00eb vitin 1989, n\u00eb qytete tep\u00ebr sekrete, t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuara p\u00ebr testime b\u00ebrthamore. Banor\u00ebt aty pran\u00eb “nuk e dinin v\u00ebrtet t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shtrirjen e saj”, tha p\u00ebr CNN Aigerim Seitenova, nj\u00eb eksperte e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb b\u00ebrthamore dhe barazis\u00eb gjinore, e cila bashk\u00ebthemeloi Koalicionin e Frontit B\u00ebrthamor Qazaq.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cShum\u00eb nga t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit e mi, ata nd\u00ebrronin jet\u00eb kaq her\u00ebt kur isha f\u00ebmij\u00eb dhe nuk e kuptoja pse po nd\u00ebrronin jet\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb 40-at dhe 50-at e tyre\u201d, tha ajo, duke shtuar se ajo dhe shum\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb familjes s\u00eb saj vuajn\u00eb nga probleme kronike sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore. \u201cN\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, mendoja se ishin t\u00eb moshuar.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb studim i kryer nga Instituti Komb\u00ebtar i Kancerit (NCI) n\u00eb vitin 1997 vler\u00ebsoi se testet e arm\u00ebve b\u00ebrthamore mbi tok\u00eb n\u00eb Nevada midis viteve 1951 dhe 1962 do t\u00eb kishin prodhuar midis 11,300 dhe 212,000 raste t\u00eb tep\u00ebrta t\u00eb kancerit t\u00eb tiroides gjat\u00eb jet\u00ebs; nj\u00eb shqyrtim i m\u00ebvonsh\u00ebm i gjetjeve t\u00eb tij arriti n\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimin se numri i rasteve t\u00eb tep\u00ebrta ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb skajin e posht\u00ebm t\u00eb diapazonit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studimet e kryera n\u00eb rajonin p\u00ebrreth vendit t\u00eb testimit Semipalatinsk zbuluan se shkalla e vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb nga kanceri dhe shkalla e vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb foshnjore gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs m\u00eb intensive t\u00eb testimit b\u00ebrthamor, nga viti 1949 deri n\u00eb vitin 1962, ishte m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb Kazakistanit. Kassenova tha se kur kthehet n\u00eb rajon, takon f\u00ebmij\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb pasardh\u00ebs t\u00eb gjenerat\u00ebs s\u00eb kat\u00ebrt ose t\u00eb pest\u00eb t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb jetuar n\u00eb at\u00eb periudh\u00eb dhe kan\u00eb probleme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore q\u00eb ia atribuojn\u00eb kontaminimit b\u00ebrthamor.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrve\u00e7 ndikimit n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin e njer\u00ebzve, k\u00ebto teste kan\u00eb pasur pasoja t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme mjedisore. Midis viteve 1946 dhe 1958, SHBA-t\u00eb kryen 67 teste b\u00ebrthamore t\u00eb njohura n\u00eb Ishujt Marshall, t\u00eb cilat pat\u00ebn nj\u00eb kapacitet total shp\u00ebrthyes ekuivalent me 7,232 bomba t\u00eb Hiroshim\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

SHBA-t\u00eb zhvendos\u00ebn banor\u00ebt marshallez\u00eb q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb ose pran\u00eb atoleve, duke i p\u00ebrdorur si vende testimi dhe disa ende nuk jan\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb atdheun e tyre, pavar\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrpjekjeve n\u00eb vitet 1970 dhe 1980. Mij\u00ebra banor\u00eb marshallez\u00eb jetojn\u00eb tani n\u00eb Springdale, Arkansas, ku ruajn\u00eb kultur\u00ebn e popullit t\u00eb tyre, si dhe n\u00eb komunitete m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla n\u00eb Oklahoma, Kansas dhe Missouri.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pes\u00eb ishuj u shkat\u00ebrruan pjes\u00ebrisht ose plot\u00ebsisht, dhe pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Ishujve Marshall jan\u00eb \u201cende t\u00eb kontaminuara\u201d pothuajse 70 vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb, tha Ivana Nikoli\u0107 Hughes, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb ekipi k\u00ebrkimor nga Universiteti i Kolumbias i cili ka hetuar nivelet e rrezatimit atje.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa efektet afatgjata t\u00eb testimeve b\u00ebrthamore jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb njohura, disa “ndikime n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt me er\u00ebn” jan\u00eb njohur me kompensim, niveli i t\u00eb cilit ndryshon nga nj\u00eb vend n\u00eb tjetrin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ishujt Marshall kan\u00eb marr\u00eb pagesa kompensimi nga SHBA-ja, por thon\u00eb se k\u00ebto jan\u00eb t\u00eb pakta n\u00eb krahasim me shkall\u00ebn e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebmeve.<\/span><\/p>\n

Autoritetet kazake p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb 1.2 milion njer\u00ebz n\u00eb skem\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb kompensimit, sipas Institutit Norvegjez t\u00eb \u00c7\u00ebshtjeve Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare, duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb atyre t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb caktuara sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore dhe financiare.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb SHBA, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 27,000 persona q\u00eb udh\u00ebtojn\u00eb n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt me er\u00ebn kan\u00eb marr\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1.3 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb pagesa nga Akti i Kompensimit t\u00eb Ekspozimit ndaj Rrezatimit (RECA), i miratuar n\u00eb vitin 1990 dhe i zgjatur muajin e kaluar, megjith\u00ebse avokatja Mary Dickson tha se mbledhja e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave 50-vje\u00e7are t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb paraqitur nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Meqen\u00ebse SHBA-t\u00eb zgjeruan programin e kompensimit p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb udh\u00ebtojn\u00eb posht\u00eb er\u00ebs n\u00eb korrik, ajo dhe motra e saj m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl do t\u00eb ishin t\u00eb kualifikuar p\u00ebr kompensim nga qeveria.<\/span><\/p>\n

VINI RE:<\/strong><\/span> Ky artikull \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00ebsi intelektuale e CNN<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrshtati p\u00ebr Hashtag.al,<\/span> Aurora Hoxha<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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<\/picture><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Epoka b\u00ebrthamore filloi 80 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb kur SHBA-t\u00eb hodh\u00ebn dy bomba atomike n\u00eb qytetet japoneze t\u00eb\u00a0Hiroshim\u00ebs\u00a0dhe\u00a0Nagasakit pran\u00eb fundit t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore. Bombat vran\u00eb menj\u00ebher\u00eb rreth 110,000 njer\u00ebz dhe ndihmuan n\u00eb v\u00ebnien n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb gar\u00ebs s\u00eb armatimeve t\u00eb epok\u00ebs s\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn SHBA-t\u00eb dhe Bashkimi Sovjetik, si dhe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":49,"featured_media":757036,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-757032","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nderkombetare"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757032","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/49"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=757032"}],"version-history":[{"count":99999,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757032\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":757039,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/757032\/revisions\/757039"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/757036"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=757032"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=757032"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=757032"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}