{"id":755380,"date":"2025-08-13T19:24:10","date_gmt":"2025-08-13T17:24:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=755380"},"modified":"2025-08-13T19:38:04","modified_gmt":"2025-08-13T17:38:04","slug":"pse-deshton-shqiperia-ne-luften-me-zjarret","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2025\/08\/13\/pse-deshton-shqiperia-ne-luften-me-zjarret\/","title":{"rendered":"Pse d\u00ebshton Shqip\u00ebria n\u00eb luft\u00ebn me zjarret?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Nga Olsi Bakalli<\/span><\/strong>
\n<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse do ta p\u00ebrkufizonim menaxhimin e zjarreve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri si nj\u00eb model ekonomik, do dilte nj\u00eb miks i \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm mes \u201cdor\u00ebs s\u00eb padukshme\u201d q\u00eb nuk shfaqet kurr\u00eb kur duhet, \u201cdor\u00ebs s\u00eb gjat\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb centralizimit dhe nj\u00eb tregu sh\u00ebrbimesh emergjente ku \u00e7mimi paguhet pas zjarrit. Dhe po, nd\u00ebrsa peizazhi digjet kryesisht nga pakujdesia, lidhjet e shkurtwra dhe instalimet amatore, ne vijojm\u00eb ta trajtojm\u00eb zjarrin si \u201cakt t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs\u201d, sepse natyra ka faj m\u00eb pak se burokracia.<\/span><\/p>\n

Arkitektura institucionale \u00ebsht\u00eb teorikisht e qart\u00eb: Agjencia Komb\u00ebtare e Mbrojtjes Civile (AKMC) \u00ebsht\u00eb brenda Ministris\u00eb s\u00eb Mbrojtjes dhe mban rolin e koordinimit komb\u00ebtar sipas ligjit 45\/2019 \u201cP\u00ebr Mbrojtjen Civile\u201d. Sh\u00ebrbimi i Mbrojtjes nga Zjarri dhe Shp\u00ebtimi (MZSH) \u00ebsht\u00eb funksion vendor, i rregulluar nga ligji 152\/2015, me standard minimal 1 zjarrfik\u00ebs p\u00ebr 1 500\u20132 000 banor\u00eb dhe me stacione minimale prej 14 punonj\u00ebsish. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera: qeverisje me dy nivele, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi t\u00eb ndara, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebrpara qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb gjith\u00eb e askush. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb letra. N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, AKMC ndez sinjalet, bashkit\u00eb dalin me autobotin q\u00eb ka kapakun me tel, ministrit\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb status n\u00eb rrjete.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxheti? Ka dy shina parash. Shina e par\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb sektori i Mbrojtjes, i cili n\u00eb 2025 shkon rreth 52.7 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb (rreth 2% e PBB), ku nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet edhe kapacitetet e mbrojtjes civile (logjistik\u00eb, helikopter\u00eb, nd\u00ebrhyrje). Shina e dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb transferta sektoriale p\u00ebr zjarrfik\u00ebsit tek bashkit\u00eb: n\u00eb 2024 ishte 1.546 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb; n\u00eb 2025 u rrit n\u00eb rreth 2.11 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb (rreth 21 milion\u00eb euro). P\u00ebr nj\u00eb vend me 61 bashki dhe risk t\u00eb p\u00ebrvitsh\u00ebm, kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb \u201cndihm\u00eb xhepi\u201d sesa investim strukturor; mjafton t\u00eb pyes\u00ebsh drejtuesit vendor\u00eb se sa koh\u00eb i z\u00eb t\u00eb ndreqin nj\u00eb pomp\u00eb uji.<\/span><\/p>\n

Efikasiteti operacional? Raporti i fundit i qeverisjes vendore evidenton se mesatarja komb\u00ebtare \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 0.8 zjarrfik\u00ebs p\u00ebr 1 500 banor\u00eb \u2013 n\u00ebn standardin ligjor \u2013 me vet\u00ebm 70 stacione aktive n\u00eb rang vendi. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se n\u00eb shum\u00eb bashki kodi \u201c1 zjarrfik\u00ebs p\u00ebr 1 500\u20132 000 banor\u00eb\u201d lexohet si \u201c1 zjarrfik\u00ebs q\u00eb b\u00ebn p\u00ebr 2 000 banor\u00eb dhe 3 funksione\u201d. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, 33 nga 61 bashkit\u00eb nuk kishin plane menaxhimi pyjor n\u00eb 2024; \u00e7udit\u00ebrisht, flota jon\u00eb urbane pretendet t\u00eb shuaj\u00eb edhe zjarre n\u00eb terren t\u00eb eg\u00ebr, pa kamer\u00eb termike dhe pa logjistik\u00eb p\u00ebr hyrje t\u00eb thella. Po k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb rezultate Hayek-iane nga struktura q\u00eb funksionon sipas manualit sovjetik.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e riskut flasin vet\u00eb. 2024 u mbyll me rreth 164\u2013168 zjarre masive dhe mbi 46 mij\u00eb hektar\u00eb t\u00eb djegura, vler\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb q\u00eb prej 2012. N\u00eb 2025, vala e t\u00eb nxehtit e ka rikthyer ciklin rajonal: vet\u00ebm prej fillimit t\u00eb korrikut jan\u00eb raportuar dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra hektar\u00eb t\u00eb djegura, nd\u00ebrsa strukturat komb\u00ebtare kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar dhe marr\u00eb aktivizime Copernicus\/Union Civil Protection Mechanism (p\u00ebrfshi Rapid Mapping dhe asistenc\u00eb ajrore) \u2013 sinjal i qart\u00eb se kapaciteti vendas \u00ebsht\u00eb i tendosur. Po, ka edhe arrestime p\u00ebr zjarrv\u00ebnie e pakujdesi \u2013 mbi 20 raste t\u00eb raportuara k\u00ebto jav\u00eb \u2013 por \u201cpenali\u201d nuk ngre presionin e ujit n\u00eb pompat e st\u00ebrvjetruara.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb qytetin ku jetoj, jasht\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, ka nj\u00eb fakt q\u00eb ia vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet si shembull pozitiv i vler\u00ebsimit institucional: nd\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb titullar\u00ebt dhe drejtuesit e strukturave n\u00eb var\u00ebsin\u00eb e bashkis\u00eb, personi me pag\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zjarrfik\u00ebs. Jo drejtori i financave, jo kreu i urbanistik\u00ebs, jo menaxheri i transportit publik, por nj\u00eb profesionist i frontit t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb emergjencave, i cili p\u00ebrballet \u00e7do dit\u00eb me situata q\u00eb p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve mbeten thjesht lajme n\u00eb kronik\u00eb. Dhe kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb as rast\u00ebsi, as anomali: \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb politik\u00eb e vet\u00ebdijshme q\u00eb e sheh sigurin\u00eb publike jo si nj\u00eb kosto buxhetore, por si nj\u00eb investim t\u00eb domosdosh\u00ebm. N\u00eb nj\u00eb realitet ku pjesa d\u00ebrrmuese e zjarreve lidhet jo me fatkeq\u00ebsi natyrore, por me pakujdesi njer\u00ebzore apo defekte t\u00eb rrjeteve elektrike, ky lloj shp\u00ebrblimi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh i qart\u00eb se shoq\u00ebria e kupton vler\u00ebn e atyre q\u00eb shkojn\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00ebt drejt flak\u00ebve, jo t\u00eb fundit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por le t\u00eb dalim nga retorika dhe t\u00eb v\u00ebm\u00eb lapsin mbi numra. N\u00ebse 2.11 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb n\u00eb 2025 shp\u00ebrndahen me formul\u00eb mes 61 bashkive, flasim p\u00ebr rreth 34\u201335 milion\u00eb lek\u00eb\/bashki mesatarisht, para q\u00eb duhen t\u00eb mbulojn\u00eb paga, karburant, pjes\u00eb k\u00ebmbimi, uniforma, trajnime dhe \u2013 n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste \u2013 rikonstruksionin e nj\u00eb flote t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr. Nj\u00eb autobot i ri 6\u20138 mij\u00eb litra kushton sa buxheti i gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit t\u00eb nj\u00eb stacioni t\u00eb vog\u00ebl; nj\u00eb dron termal nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb \u201cluks\u201d, por instrument kosto\u2013efikas p\u00ebr zbulim t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm n\u00eb zonat kodrinore me shtigje private dhe linja elektrike q\u00eb vrapojn\u00eb pa standard. A nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb koha t\u00eb dalim nga ekonomia e arnuar e emergjenc\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e investimit parandalues?<\/span><\/p>\n

Krahasimi rajonal s\u2019e l\u00eb pavend k\u00ebt\u00eb tez\u00eb. 2025 \u00ebsht\u00eb vit zjarresh t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkall\u00ebzuara n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Mesdheun Jugor dhe Ballkanin Per\u00ebndimor; vendet fqinje po aktivizojn\u00eb rregullisht Mekanizmin e Mbrojtjes Civile t\u00eb BE-s\u00eb dhe Copernicus, nd\u00ebrsa Greqia e Italia mb\u00ebshteten n\u00eb flot\u00ebn rescEU p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrhyrje ajrore. Shqip\u00ebria, me terren t\u00eb thyer dhe me shp\u00ebrndarje t\u00eb rrall\u00eb stacionesh, ka nevoj\u00eb faktike p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrhyrje nd\u00ebrkufitare dhe p\u00ebrgatitje t\u00eb tipit \u201chost nation support\u201d. Ky nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb turp, \u00ebsht\u00eb realiz\u00ebm; turpi \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb pretendosh se do ta mbash zjarrin n\u00ebn kontroll me nj\u00eb radiostacion t\u00eb lagur.<\/span>
\nPo zjarret urbane dhe \u201cprivate\u201d? Pik\u00ebrisht aty bie maska e \u201cnatyr\u00ebs\u201d. Shumica e ngjarjeve q\u00eb v\u00ebrshojn\u00eb kronikat lokale lidhen me pakujdesi, ngarkesa elektrike, instalime artizanale, magazina pa standard zjarrmbrojt\u00ebs, hotele e sht\u00ebpi pushimi me kapacitete rreziku pa audit. K\u00ebtu politika publike \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e lir\u00eb dhe m\u00eb e men\u00e7ur se autoboti: licencim dhe rikualifikim i detyruesh\u00ebm i elektricist\u00ebve; kolaudim periodik i instalimeve n\u00eb objekte me risk; sigurime t\u00eb detyrueshme zjarr\u2013risk p\u00ebr biznese mbi nj\u00eb prag x; gjoba progresive p\u00ebr moszbatim; dixhitalizim i inspektimeve me gjurm\u00eb timestamp. Nuk ka asgj\u00eb heroike, vet\u00ebm ekonomia bazike e incentivave.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vijim, tri nyje operacionale q\u00eb duan zhbllokim, jo retorik\u00eb:<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari, planifikimi financiar shum\u00ebvje\u00e7ar. Transferta sektoriale \u00ebsht\u00eb oksigjen, por oksigjeni pa mushk\u00ebri nuk b\u00ebn pun\u00eb. Bashkit\u00eb kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb korniz\u00eb investimesh kapitale 3\u20135 vje\u00e7are t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzuara me indikator\u00eb: raport zjarrfik\u00ebs\/banor, minuta mesatare p\u00ebrgjigjeje, p\u00ebrqindje zjarresh t\u00eb izoluara n\u00eb faz\u00ebn e par\u00eb. Buxhetet vjetore \u201cqep e shqep\u201d jan\u00eb arsyeja pse \u00e7do ver\u00eb z\u00eb vend i nj\u00ebjti lajm.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti, teknologjia e zbulimit t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm. Dron\u00eb termal t\u00eb integruar me nj\u00eb qend\u00ebr dispe\u00e7erimi rajonale, sensor\u00eb tymi t\u00eb lidhur n\u00eb kantier\u00eb e zona kampingu, dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i kufizuar nj\u00ebsish t\u00eb lehta 4\u00d74 me pajisje \u201cinitial attack\u201d p\u00ebr terrene ku autoboti \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht dekor. Kostoja? Krahasoni \u00e7mimin e nj\u00eb droni profesional me fatur\u00ebn e nj\u00eb nate operacion ajror me helikopter t\u00eb marr\u00eb hua nga fqinj\u00ebt. \u00c7far\u00eb preferon nj\u00eb financier publik me sens?<\/span>
\nS\u00eb treti, kapitali njer\u00ebzor. Shqip\u00ebria ka n\u00eb let\u00ebr standard t\u00eb qart\u00eb, por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb mesatarja n\u00ebn\u2013norm\u00eb krijon nj\u00eb \u201ckredit crunch\u201d t\u00eb siguris\u00eb publike: me pak njer\u00ebz, or\u00ebt jasht\u00eb norme b\u00ebhen norm\u00eb; me paga t\u00eb pabarabarta, rotacioni rritet. Zgjidhja nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm \u201crritje rroge\u201d, por kontrat\u00eb e re sh\u00ebrbimi: turne t\u00eb planifikuar n\u00eb baz\u00eb rreziku sezonal, bonuse t\u00eb lidhura me certifikim profesional, burs\u00eb komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr kualifikim teknik (hidraulik\u00eb presioni, elektricist\u00eb industrial\u00eb, operator\u00eb dron\u00ebsh) dhe nj\u00eb korniz\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00ebse sigurimesh. Kjo kushton? Po, por edhe zjarri i nj\u00eb magazin\u00eb\u2013superstrukture kushton \u2013 dhe zakonisht e paguajm\u00eb dy her\u00eb: nj\u00eb her\u00eb me d\u00ebm, nj\u00eb her\u00eb me politik\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, kat\u00ebr pyetje publike q\u00eb ia vlen t\u2019u p\u00ebrgjigjemi pa retorik\u00eb:<\/span><\/p>\n

A duhet q\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimi zjarrfik\u00ebs t\u00eb mbetet i fragmentuar n\u00eb 61 bashki kur risku nuk respekton kufij administrativ\u00eb? Nj\u00eb model me komanda rajonale operative (qarku) do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorte m\u00eb mir\u00eb flot\u00ebn dhe personelin.<\/span><\/p>\n

A \u00ebsht\u00eb koha p\u00ebr nj\u00eb fond t\u00eb dedikuar p\u00ebr parandalim dhe teknologji, i rimbushur me gjoba inteligjente nga shkeljet e standardeve elektrike dhe sigurimit t\u00eb detyruesh\u00ebm? \u00cbsht\u00eb politikisht e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, por ekonomikisht e drejt\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

A duhet t\u00eb kusht\u00ebzohet leja e funksionimit e \u00e7do biznesi me risk (hotele, magazina, punishte) me certifikat\u00eb elektrike vjetore t\u00eb l\u00ebshuar nga operator\u00eb t\u00eb licencuar dhe t\u00eb audituar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pavarur?<\/span><\/p>\n

A ka kuptim t\u00eb presim nd\u00ebrhyrjen ajrore t\u00eb fqinj\u00ebve sa her\u00eb terreni yn\u00eb b\u00ebhet i pakaluesh\u00ebm? Pse t\u00eb mos blihet minimalisht nj\u00eb kapacitet i p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt rescEU\u2013style n\u00eb nivel rajonal (p.sh. me Malin e Zi e Kosov\u00ebn) me kthim investimi t\u00eb matsh\u00ebm n\u00eb vite?<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund, logjika ekonomike e zjarreve \u201cjo t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb e trisht\u00eb: kosto private t\u00eb ul\u00ebta p\u00ebr shkel\u00ebsin, kosto publike t\u00eb larta p\u00ebr komunitetin. Kjo quhet eksternalitet negativ. Mjeti? Regullim dhe \u00e7mim \u2013 gjob\u00eb, sigurim, dhe inspektim \u2013 plus investim n\u00eb kapacitete q\u00eb e b\u00ebjn\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb sa nj\u00eb klikim, jo sa nj\u00eb mbledhje. Sot ne garojm\u00eb kund\u00ebr zjarrit me k\u00ebpuc\u00eb baleti; duhen atlete zjarri, jo duartrokitje.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Olsi Bakalli N\u00ebse do ta p\u00ebrkufizonim menaxhimin e zjarreve n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri si nj\u00eb model ekonomik, do dilte nj\u00eb miks i \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm mes \u201cdor\u00ebs s\u00eb padukshme\u201d q\u00eb nuk shfaqet kurr\u00eb kur duhet, \u201cdor\u00ebs s\u00eb gjat\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb centralizimit dhe nj\u00eb tregu sh\u00ebrbimesh emergjente ku \u00e7mimi paguhet pas zjarrit. Dhe po, nd\u00ebrsa peizazhi digjet kryesisht nga pakujdesia, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":32,"featured_media":755381,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-755380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ballina"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/755380","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=755380"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/755380\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":755383,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/755380\/revisions\/755383"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/755381"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=755380"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=755380"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=755380"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}