{"id":721188,"date":"2025-01-26T19:11:21","date_gmt":"2025-01-26T18:11:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=721188"},"modified":"2025-01-26T19:11:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-26T18:11:21","slug":"fundi-i-progresit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2025\/01\/26\/fundi-i-progresit\/","title":{"rendered":"Fundi i progresit?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nga Joseph E. Stiglitz*<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Tridhjet\u00eb e pes\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, bota p\u00ebrjetoi nj\u00eb ndryshim epokal me r\u00ebnien e komunizmit evropian. Francis Fukuyama e quajti n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb famshme k\u00ebt\u00eb moment “fundi i historis\u00eb”, duke parashikuar se t\u00eb gjitha shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht do t\u00eb shkonin drejt demokracis\u00eb liberale dhe ekonomive t\u00eb tregut. Sot, \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse nj\u00eb klishe t\u00eb v\u00ebzhgosh se sa i gabuar ishte ai parashikim. Me kthimin e Donald Trump dhe l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb tij MAGA, ndoshta duhet ta quajm\u00eb epok\u00ebn aktuale “fundi i p\u00ebrparimit”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shumica prej nesh e marrin progresin si t\u00eb mir\u00ebqen\u00eb. Por ne duhet t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb se standardet e jetes\u00ebs 250 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb ishin pak t\u00eb ndryshme nga ato q\u00eb ishin 2500 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb. Deri n\u00eb Iluminizmin dhe Revolucionin Industrial nuk arrit\u00ebm p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsin\u00eb, sh\u00ebndetin dhe standardet e jetes\u00ebs q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar modernitetin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mendimtar\u00ebt iluminist\u00eb e kuptuan se eksperimentimi dhe ngat\u00ebrrimi shkencor mund t’i ndihmonin njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb natyr\u00ebn dhe t\u00eb krijojn\u00eb teknologji t\u00eb reja transformuese; dhe se shkencat sociale mund t\u00eb mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb koordinim m\u00eb t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar kushtet p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb. P\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb tilla k\u00ebrkonin sundimin e ligjit p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar absolutizmin, respektin p\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb mbizot\u00ebronte mbi obskurantizmin dhe ngritjen e ekspertiz\u00ebs n\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjet njer\u00ebzore. Nd\u00ebr tiparet m\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuese t\u00eb revolucionit MAGA \u00ebsht\u00eb refuzimi i tij i plot\u00eb i k\u00ebtyre vlerave.<\/span><\/p>\n

A mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb p\u00ebrparimi? Ashtu si\u00e7 sovjetik\u00ebt arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb l\u00ebshonin Sputnik-un, ne mund t\u00eb shohim Trump dhe ndjek\u00ebsit e tij t\u00eb kryesojn\u00eb arritje t\u00eb dukshme teknologjike n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb dhe inteligjenc\u00eb artificiale. Por a mund t\u00eb presim v\u00ebrtet q\u00eb oligarkia e re e Amerik\u00ebs t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyr\u00eb p\u00ebrparimet e q\u00ebndrueshme dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta? Ata q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet tani jan\u00eb t\u00eb shtyr\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht nga k\u00ebrkimi i pasuris\u00eb dhe nuk kan\u00eb asnj\u00eb rezerv\u00eb p\u00ebr ta grumbulluar at\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet shfryt\u00ebzimit dhe k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb qiras\u00eb. Ata kan\u00eb demonstruar tashm\u00eb zgjuarsin\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e fuqis\u00eb n\u00eb treg dhe shfryt\u00ebzimin e platformave t\u00eb mediave dhe teknologjis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7uar p\u00ebrpara interesat e tyre private p\u00ebrmes manipulimit dhe dezinformimit t\u00eb gjer\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb e dallon korrupsionin e sot\u00ebm t\u00eb stilit amerikan nga format e kaluara \u00ebsht\u00eb shkalla dhe pafytyr\u00ebsia e tij. Ideja p\u00ebr t\u00eb futur kart\u00ebmonedha 100 dollar\u00ebsh n\u00eb zarfe letre kafe ting\u00ebllon e \u00e7uditshme n\u00eb krahasim me at\u00eb q\u00eb kemi tani. Oligark\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb mund t\u00eb “kontribuojn\u00eb” hapur me qindra miliona dollar\u00eb n\u00eb fushat\u00ebn zgjedhore t\u00eb nj\u00eb politikani n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb favoreve. Huaja prej 465 milion\u00eb dollar\u00ebsh q\u00eb Tesla mori nga administrata e Presidentit Barack Obama 15 vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb do t\u00eb duket si e pavler\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me at\u00eb q\u00eb po vjen.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrparimi k\u00ebrkon investime n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn baz\u00eb dhe nj\u00eb fuqi pun\u00ebtore t\u00eb arsimuar. Megjithat\u00eb, gjat\u00eb mandatit t\u00eb tij t\u00eb par\u00eb, Trump propozoi shkurtime kaq masive n\u00eb fondet p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkime, saq\u00eb edhe koleg\u00ebt e tij republikan\u00eb nuk e pranuan. A do t\u00eb tregojn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gatishm\u00ebri p\u00ebr t’i rezistuar edhe k\u00ebsaj radhe?<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb \u00e7do rast, a \u00ebsht\u00eb ende i mundur p\u00ebrparimi kur institucionet p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr avancimin dhe transmetimin e njohurive jan\u00eb n\u00ebn sulm t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm? L\u00ebvizja MAGA nuk do t\u00eb donte asgj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrronte institucionet “elitare” ku ndodhin kaq shum\u00eb k\u00ebrkime.<\/span><\/p>\n

Asnj\u00eb vend nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrparoj\u00eb v\u00ebrtet n\u00ebse nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e popullsis\u00eb vuajn\u00eb nga mang\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb arsim, sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi dhe ushqim me vlera ushqyese. N\u00eb Amerik\u00eb, rreth 16% e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve rriten n\u00eb varf\u00ebri, performanca e p\u00ebrgjithshme n\u00eb vler\u00ebsimet arsimore nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare \u00ebsht\u00eb mediokre, kequshqyerja dhe mungesa e strehimit jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapura dhe jet\u00ebgjat\u00ebsia \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebta nga \u00e7do ekonomi e madhe e p\u00ebrparuar. Zgjidhja e vetme \u00ebsht\u00eb shpenzimi publik m\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe m\u00eb i mir\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, Trump dhe ekipi i tij i oligark\u00ebve jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar t\u00eb shkurtojn\u00eb buxhetin sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb munden. Nj\u00eb veprim i till\u00eb do t’i linte Shtetet e Bashkuara edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb varura nga puna e huaj. Por emigrant\u00ebt, madje edhe ata shum\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb, jan\u00eb t\u00eb mallkuar p\u00ebr ndjek\u00ebsit MAGA t\u00eb Trump.<\/span><\/p>\n

Megjith\u00ebse Shtetet e Bashkuara kan\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr prej koh\u00ebsh bot\u00ebn n\u00eb avancimin e shkenc\u00ebs dhe teknologjis\u00eb baz\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb shihet se si mund t\u00eb vazhdoj\u00eb kjo n\u00ebn drejtimin e Trump. Un\u00eb shoh tre skenar\u00eb t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm. N\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00ebn, SHBA m\u00eb n\u00eb fund pajtohet me problemet e saj t\u00eb rr\u00ebnjosura thell\u00eb, refuzon l\u00ebvizjen MAGA dhe riafirmon p\u00ebrkushtimin e saj ndaj vlerave iluministe. N\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00ebn, SHBA dhe Kina vazhdojn\u00eb rrug\u00ebn drejt kapitalizmit oligarkik dhe kapitalizmit shtet\u00ebror autoritar, respektivisht, me pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs q\u00eb mbetet prapa. S\u00eb fundi, SHBA dhe Kina q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e tyre, por Evropa merr flamurin e kapitalizmit progresiv dhe socialdemokracis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fatkeq\u00ebsisht, skenari i dyt\u00eb ka shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se ne duhet t\u00eb konsiderojm\u00eb se p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb mang\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs do t\u00eb mbeten t\u00eb menaxhueshme. Kina ka avantazhe masive n\u00eb zhvillimin e teknologjis\u00eb dhe AI, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb saj t\u00eb madh, ofert\u00ebs s\u00eb madhe t\u00eb inxhinier\u00ebve dhe angazhimit p\u00ebr planifikimin afatgjat\u00eb dhe mbik\u00ebqyrjen gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, diplomacia e Kin\u00ebs p\u00ebrball\u00eb 60% t\u00eb vendeve jasht\u00eb Per\u00ebndimit ka qen\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e suksesshme se ajo e Amerik\u00ebs. Por, sigurisht, as Kina dhe as Amerika Trumpiane nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuara ndaj vlerave q\u00eb kan\u00eb nxitur p\u00ebrparimin q\u00eb nga fundi i shekullit t\u00eb tet\u00ebmb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tragjikisht, njer\u00ebzimi tashm\u00eb po p\u00ebrballet me sfida ekzistenciale. P\u00ebrparimet n\u00eb teknologji na ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb mjetet p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruar veten dhe m\u00ebnyra m\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr ta parandaluar k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmes ligjit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimeve q\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga ndryshimet klimatike dhe pandemit\u00eb, tani duhet t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsohemi edhe p\u00ebr AI t\u00eb parregulluar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Disa do t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtojn\u00eb se nd\u00ebrsa mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb pauz\u00eb n\u00eb progres, investimet e kaluara n\u00eb shkenc\u00ebn baz\u00eb do t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb japin kthime t\u00eb vlefshme. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, mund t\u00eb shtojn\u00eb optimist\u00ebt, \u00e7do diktatur\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht p\u00ebrfundon dhe historia vazhdon. Nj\u00eb shekull m\u00eb par\u00eb, fashizmi p\u00ebrfshiu bot\u00ebn. Por kjo \u00e7oi n\u00eb nj\u00eb val\u00eb demokratizimi, me dekolonizimin dhe l\u00ebvizjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb drejtat civile q\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtonin diskriminimin racor, etnik dhe gjinor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se ato l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb suksesshme shkuan vet\u00ebm kaq larg dhe koha nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb an\u00ebn ton\u00eb. Ndryshimet klimatike nuk do t\u00eb presin q\u00eb ne t\u00eb marrim vendimin ton\u00eb. A do t\u00eb g\u00ebzojn\u00eb amerikan\u00ebt progres t\u00eb vazhduesh\u00ebm n\u00eb form\u00ebn e prosperitetit t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt, bazuar n\u00eb arsim, sh\u00ebndet, siguri, komunitet dhe nj\u00eb mjedis t\u00eb past\u00ebr? Dyshoj. Dhe a do t\u00eb ket\u00eb fundi i progresit n\u00eb Amerik\u00eb efekte t\u00eb d\u00ebmshme globalisht? Pothuajse me siguri.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb her\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb ditur se cilat do t\u00eb jen\u00eb pasojat e plota t\u00eb presidenc\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb Trump. Historia me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb vazhdon; por mund t\u00eb l\u00ebr\u00eb pas p\u00ebrparimin.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

* Joseph E. Stiglitz, \u00ebsht\u00eb laureat i Nobelit n\u00eb ekonomi dhe profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Columbias. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb bashk\u00ebkryetar i Komisionit t\u00eb Pavarur p\u00ebr Reform\u00ebn e Tatimeve Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Korporatave dhe autor, s\u00eb fundmi, i librit Rruga drejt liris\u00eb: Ekonomia dhe shoq\u00ebria e mir\u00eb (W. W. Norton & Company, Allen Lane, 2024).<\/span><\/p>\n

VINI RE:<\/span> Artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00eb intelektuale e Project Syndicate<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Joseph E. Stiglitz* Tridhjet\u00eb e pes\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, bota p\u00ebrjetoi nj\u00eb ndryshim epokal me r\u00ebnien e komunizmit evropian. Francis Fukuyama e quajti n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb famshme k\u00ebt\u00eb moment “fundi i historis\u00eb”, duke parashikuar se t\u00eb gjitha shoq\u00ebrit\u00eb p\u00ebrfundimisht do t\u00eb shkonin drejt demokracis\u00eb liberale dhe ekonomive t\u00eb tregut. Sot, \u00ebsht\u00eb pothuajse nj\u00eb klishe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":32,"featured_media":721189,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-721188","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ballina","category-te-fundit"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/721188","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=721188"}],"version-history":[{"count":99999,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/721188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":721190,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/721188\/revisions\/721190"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/721189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=721188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=721188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=721188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}