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\u201cLover of Men: The Untold History of Abraham Lincoln\u201d, nj\u00eb dokumentar i ri q\u00eb ka dal\u00eb n\u00eb kinema m\u00eb 6 shtator, sugjeron se ish-presidenti amerikan ishte homoseksual.<\/span><\/p>\n Akademik\u00ebt e paraqitur n\u00eb film argumentojn\u00eb se ish-presidenti, i cili udh\u00ebhoqi Shtetet e Bashkuara n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn Civile, u p\u00ebrball me nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb identiteti gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs s\u00eb tij: ai ishte i martuar sepse duhej t\u00eb ishte n\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrparuar politikisht, por gjithashtu kishte marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet intime me meshkujt. <\/span><\/p>\n \u201cN\u00eb shekullin e 19-t\u00eb, njer\u00ebzit ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb njohur me faktin se Lincoln flinte me burra dhe kjo nuk konsiderohej trondit\u00ebse,\u201d<\/em> thot\u00eb John Stauffer, nj\u00eb profesor i anglishtes dhe i studimeve afrikano-amerikane, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb paraqitur n\u00eb film.<\/span><\/p>\n Dashuria e par\u00eb e Linkolnit mendohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb Billy Greene, i cili e m\u00ebsoi Lincoln-it Gramatik\u00eb kur u transferua n\u00eb Ne\u00eb Salem, Illinois n\u00eb 1831 n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 22 vje\u00e7are. Ata ndan\u00eb nj\u00eb shtrat s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr 18 muaj dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment Greene shkroi n\u00eb nj\u00eb let\u00ebr se “Kofsh\u00ebt e Linkolnit ishin tejet t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosura”.<\/span><\/p>\n Studiuesit n\u00eb film argumentojn\u00eb se shpirti binjak i Linkolnit ishte Joshua Speed, i cili zot\u00ebronte nj\u00eb dyqan n\u00eb Springfield, Illinois. Kur Lincoln u transferua atje n\u00eb 1837 – si nj\u00eb avokat i ri – ai po k\u00ebrkonte materiale p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb shtrat dhe u drejtua n\u00eb dyqanin e Speed. Ai p\u00ebrfundoi duke ndar\u00eb shtratin me Speed \u200b\u200bp\u00ebr kat\u00ebr vjet, edhe kur arriti pik\u00ebn kur mund t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb shtrat tijin.<\/span><\/p>\n Letrat e tyre citohen n\u00eb film si prov\u00eb se ata ishin fizikisht dhe emocionalisht intim\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n “Asnj\u00eb mashkull nuk ishte m\u00eb intim”<\/em>, tha Speed \u200b\u200bp\u00ebr marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien e tij me Lincoln.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00cbilliam Herndon, partneri ligjor i Lincoln-it, p\u00ebrdori gjithashtu fjal\u00ebn “intim” p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnien e tij me Speed, dhe po ashtu edhe djali i Lincoln, Robert Todd Lincoln, m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb e p\u00ebrdori. Lincoln do n\u00ebnshkruante letrat p\u00ebr Speed \u200b\u200bme “Yous Forever”.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia nuk zgjati sepse, si\u00e7 argumentojn\u00eb studiuesit, p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb em\u00ebr n\u00eb politik\u00eb, Lincoln duhej t\u00eb merrte nj\u00eb grua. N\u00eb 1842, ai u martua me Mary Todd Lincoln, e cila vinte nga nj\u00eb familje e pasur.<\/span><\/p>\n “Nuk ka asnj\u00eb prov\u00eb q\u00eb Mary Todd dinte p\u00ebr intimitetin e Lincoln, at\u00eb intimitet trupor me Joshua Speed, por kjo nuk ishte e pazakont\u00eb,”<\/em> shpjegon Stauffer.<\/span><\/p>\n “Ka pasur shembuj t\u00eb shumt\u00eb t\u00eb burrave t\u00eb shquar q\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie trupore me burra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb dhe m\u00eb pas kan\u00eb martes\u00eb t\u00eb lumtur.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Sipas dokumentarit, Lincoln vazhdoi marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me burra t\u00eb tjer\u00eb pasi u martua, pati f\u00ebmij\u00eb dhe u b\u00eb president. N\u00eb vitin 1861, gjat\u00eb vitit t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb presidenc\u00ebs s\u00eb tij, ai tregoi nj\u00eb interes t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ushtar t\u00eb quajtur Elmer Ells\u00eborth, duke e p\u00ebrsh\u00ebndetur at\u00eb si “njeriun e vog\u00ebl m\u00eb t\u00eb madh q\u00eb kam takuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb”.<\/span><\/p>\n Ai i shkroi dy her\u00eb departamentit t\u00eb luft\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb promovuar Ells\u00eborth si Kolonel n\u00eb \u00cbest Point. Ells\u00eborth u q\u00ebllua p\u00ebr vdekje m\u00eb 24 maj 1861, n\u00eb Aleksandri, Virxhinia, nd\u00ebrsa po t\u00ebrhiqte nj\u00eb flamur t\u00eb Konfederat\u00ebs nga \u00e7atia e nj\u00eb hoteli dhe studiuesit n\u00eb film e p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb vuajtjen e Lincoln si “t\u00eb pangush\u00ebllueshme”, duke v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se ishte e pazakont\u00eb q\u00eb nj\u00eb president t\u00eb ishte i till\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb ver\u00ebn e vitit 1862, Lincoln k\u00ebrkoi strehim n\u00eb nj\u00eb vil\u00eb disa milje larg Sht\u00ebpis\u00eb s\u00eb Bardh\u00eb, m\u00eb i njohur si vendi ku ai doli me skic\u00ebn e Proklamat\u00ebs s\u00eb Emancipimit. N\u00eb film, studiuesit sh\u00ebnojn\u00eb dy burime q\u00eb than\u00eb se ai ishte duke fjetur n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin shtrat me truproj\u00ebn e tij David Derickson – nj\u00eb let\u00ebr e 16 n\u00ebntorit 1862, nga Virginia Woodbury Fox, e cila rridhte nga nj\u00eb familje ushtarake me ndikim, v\u00ebren se ka nj\u00eb ushtar n\u00eb vil\u00eb q\u00eb i p\u00ebrkushtohet ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht Presidentit dhe fle me t\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n Dhe nj\u00eb histori e regjimentit q\u00eb mbronte Lincoln-in thot\u00eb se n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb Mary Todd Lincoln, Derickson flinte n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin shtrat me Lincoln, me k\u00ebmish\u00ebn e nat\u00ebs s\u00eb Presidentit. Thomas Balcerski, nj\u00eb historian presidencial n\u00eb Universitetin Shtet\u00ebror t\u00eb Konektikatit Lindor, argumenton se ndjenjat e Lincoln-it p\u00ebr Ells\u00eborth dhe Derickson “ndoshta e ndihmuan at\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonte tragjedit\u00eb e ndryshme t\u00eb Luft\u00ebs Civile”.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb arsye pse nuk flitet p\u00ebr seksualitetin e Lincoln-it \u00ebsht\u00eb sepse homoseksualiteti u b\u00eb tabu n\u00eb shekullin e 20-t\u00eb. Eugjenika ishte popullore dhe homoseksualiteti klasifikohej si \u00e7rregullim mendor. Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit fetar\u00eb e quajt\u00ebn at\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebkat. Shtetet miratuan ligje q\u00eb i b\u00ebn\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet homoseksuale krim, dhe k\u00ebto statute mbet\u00ebn n\u00eb libra deri n\u00eb vitet 1960.<\/span><\/p>\n Studiuesit e historis\u00eb \u2018queer\u2019 kan\u00eb folur p\u00ebr seksualitetin e Lincoln-it q\u00eb nga vitet 1970, kur nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje e re LGBTQ+ ishte duke u zhvilluar.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cAshtu si l\u00ebvizja p\u00ebr \u00e7lirimin e homoseksual\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u zhvilluar, ka nj\u00eb interes t\u00eb studiuesve p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur homoseksual\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn,\u201d<\/em> thot\u00eb Balcerski.<\/span><\/p>\n Punimet kryesore mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb tem\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb \u2018Tregime Dashurie: Seksi midis burrave p\u00ebrpara homoseksualitetit\u2019 (2003) nga Jonathan Ned Katz dhe \u2018Bota Intime e Abraham Lincoln\u2019 (2005) nga C.A. Tripp. Libri i Tripp-it u p\u00ebrmend n\u00eb nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb kopertin\u00ebs s\u00eb TIME<\/a> <\/span>mbi k\u00ebrkimet e reja rreth Lincoln-it p\u00ebr 4 korrik 2005. Revista vuri n\u00eb dukje se \u201cq\u00eb burrat t\u00eb flejn\u00eb bashk\u00eb n\u00eb mesin e shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb ishte po aq e zakonshme sa \u00ebsht\u00eb sot jetesa n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn sht\u00ebpi mes burrave.<\/span><\/p>\n