{"id":680828,"date":"2024-06-11T10:08:22","date_gmt":"2024-06-11T08:08:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=680828"},"modified":"2024-06-11T11:29:47","modified_gmt":"2024-06-11T09:29:47","slug":"nje-birre-krejt-e-vecante-po-prodhohet-ne-bolivi-a-do-e-provonit-nje-te-tille","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2024\/06\/11\/nje-birre-krejt-e-vecante-po-prodhohet-ne-bolivi-a-do-e-provonit-nje-te-tille\/","title":{"rendered":"Nj\u00eb birr\u00eb krejt e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb nga gjethet e kok\u00ebs po prodhohet n\u00eb Bolivi, a do e provonit nj\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

N\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishte diku tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e Jugut, sht\u00ebpia e pap\u00ebrshkrueshme me kova t\u00eb mbushura me gjethe koka t\u00eb zhytura n\u00eb l\u00ebng mund t\u00eb ngat\u00ebrrohej me nj\u00eb laborator klandestin kokaine.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por ky \u00ebsht\u00eb La Paz, Bolivi, dhe aroma e gjetheve t\u00eb kok\u00ebs q\u00eb zhytet n\u00eb fu\u00e7i sinjalizon se keni mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb distilerin\u00eb e autorizuar nga qeveria \u201cEl Viejo Roble\u201d, e cila prej vitesh ka prodhuar pije alkoolike nga gjethet e kok\u00ebs dhe tani po p\u00ebrgatitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb pridhuar nj\u00eb birr\u00eb e re e mbushur me koka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mbetet e diskutueshme n\u00ebse Bolivia mund ta bind\u00eb bot\u00ebn t\u00eb pranoj\u00eb gjethen e gjelb\u00ebr t\u00eb fort\u00eb, m\u00eb t\u00eb njohur p\u00ebrtej kufijve t\u00eb saj, si p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsi kryesor i kokain\u00ebs. Por nj\u00eb vendim historik i koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit nga Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb studiuar p\u00ebrfitimet jo-narkotike t\u00eb kok\u00ebs ka rindezur shpresat e vjetra t\u00eb fermer\u00ebve, prodhuesve dhe shit\u00ebsve bolivian\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Eksportimi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e mi dhe un\u00eb e kemi pasur q\u00eb kur isha f\u00ebmij\u00eb,”<\/em> tha Lizzette Torrez, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebse e nj\u00eb prej sindikatave kryesore t\u00eb kultivuesve t\u00eb kok\u00ebs n\u00eb Bolivi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brenda Bolivis\u00eb, prodhuesi i tret\u00eb m\u00eb i madh n\u00eb bot\u00eb i gjetheve t\u00eb kok\u00ebs dhe i kokain\u00ebs, gjethja e lasht\u00eb ka frym\u00ebzuar rituale shpirt\u00ebrore midis komuniteteve indigjene p\u00ebr breza.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Birra mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e hidhur, por me shijen e \u00ebmb\u00ebl q\u00eb i japim me koka, b\u00ebhet m\u00eb e shijshme,”<\/em> tha menaxheri Adri\u00e1n \u00c1lvarez nga distileria, ku pun\u00ebtor\u00ebt mbush\u00ebn pijen q\u00eb s\u00eb shpejti do t’i bashkohet vodk\u00ebs dhe rumit me shije koka t\u00eb \u201cEl Viejo Roble\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shtrirja e pijeve t\u00eb \u00c1lvarez, s\u00eb bashku me prodhimet e tjera t\u00eb injektuara me koka, mbetet e kufizuar n\u00eb panairet artizanale n\u00eb Bolivi dhe Peru, vende ku gjethet jan\u00eb t\u00eb ligjshme – p\u00ebr sa koh\u00eb q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb kokain\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket pjes\u00ebs tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, nj\u00eb konvent\u00eb e Kombeve t\u00eb Bashkuara e klasifikon gjethen e kok\u00ebs si nj\u00eb l\u00ebnd\u00eb narkotike dhe vendos nj\u00eb ndalim t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb drog\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qeveria e Bolivis\u00eb po ringjall shtytjen e saj prej dekadash jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb destigmatizuar bim\u00ebn dhe p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb ligjshme eksportin e saj, por edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar nj\u00eb treg global p\u00ebr pijet me koka, sapun, shampo, pasta dh\u00ebmb\u00ebsh, miell dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrpjekjet e saj mor\u00ebn nj\u00eb nxitje t\u00eb madhe vjesht\u00ebn e kaluar, kur OBSH njoftoi se do nis\u00eb nj\u00eb rishikim shkencor t\u00eb gjethes s\u00eb kok\u00ebs, hapi i par\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb proces t\u00eb gjat\u00eb p\u00ebr dekriminalizimin e gjetheve n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cProcedurat jan\u00eb nisur p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb histori\u201d<\/em>, tha p\u00ebr AP Juan Carlos Alurralde, sekretar i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i n\u00ebnpresidenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Bolivis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Gjetja do hetohet seriozisht.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Hera e fundit q\u00eb OBSH nd\u00ebrmori nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb gjethes s\u00eb kok\u00ebs ishte n\u00eb vitin 1992, por gjetjet e holl\u00ebsishme nuk u b\u00ebn\u00eb kurr\u00eb publike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Zyrtar\u00ebt nga Kolumbia dhe Bolivia zbuluan propozimin s\u00eb bashku me p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e OBSH-s\u00eb n\u00eb Vjen\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj pranvere. Ata kan\u00eb koh\u00eb deri n\u00eb tetor, kur nj\u00eb takim i komitetit mbi studimin do nis\u00eb n\u00eb Gjenev\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb paraqitur k\u00ebrkime rreth vetive medicinale dhe ushqyese t\u00eb kok\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studimi do marr\u00eb n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb gjithashtu p\u00ebrpjekjet e Bolivis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb komercializuar kok\u00ebn, duke p\u00ebrcaktuar sasin\u00eb maksimale t\u00eb alkaloidit t\u00eb kokain\u00ebs q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb prodhimet e koka\u00ebsn\u00eb tregun bot\u00ebror.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ekspert\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb n\u00ebse kjo \u00e7on n\u00eb var\u00ebsi,”<\/em> tha Alurralde.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gati 80 kilometra (50 milje) n\u00eb veri t\u00eb La Paz-it, ku shkurret me lart\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha ngjyrosin kodrat e gjlb\u00ebrta t\u00eb\u00eb Trinidad Pampa, kultivuesit e kok\u00ebs, t\u00eb njohur si “cocaleros”, mir\u00ebprit\u00ebn lajmet e rishikimit t\u00eb OBSH-s\u00eb. P\u00ebr ta, p\u00ebrtypja e gjetheve t\u00eb kok\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zakon i p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm i krahasuar me pirjen e kafes\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

“M\u00eb ndihmon t\u00eb korr pa lodhje dhe t\u00eb mbaj familjen time,”<\/em> tha fermeri Juan de Dios Cocarico, duke i futur nj\u00eb tuf\u00eb koka n\u00eb goj\u00ebn e tij teksa k\u00ebpuste gjethet nga k\u00ebrcelli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dekriminalizimi global, thon\u00eb cocaleros, do sillte m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura nga eksporti teksa afrohet nj\u00eb kriz\u00eb ekonomike p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb varf\u00ebrimit t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb rezervave valutore t\u00eb Bolivis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet q\u00eb rritet me koka”<\/em>, tha Frido Duran, nj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs i kultivuesve t\u00eb kokas n\u00eb Yungas, nj\u00eb rajon n\u00eb verilindje t\u00eb La Paz.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ne jemi t\u00eb bindur se ky studim (OBSH) do v\u00ebrtetoj\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb na m\u00ebsuan gjysh\u00ebrit tan\u00eb.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Bolivin\u00eb, gjethja mban me pun\u00eb 70,000 kocalero dhe sjell rreth 279 milion\u00eb dollar\u00eb \u00e7do vit, nd\u00ebrsa fermer\u00ebt shesin gjethet me shumic\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u p\u00ebrtypur si nj\u00eb stimulues i but\u00eb, p\u00ebr t’u p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb ceremoni fetare ose p\u00ebr t’u shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb mallra t\u00eb tregtuara si nj\u00eb kur\u00eb mrekullie moderne q\u00eb leht\u00ebson problemet nga lart\u00ebsia n\u00eb ngjitjet n\u00eb mal, rrit q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe shuan urin\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr Bolivin\u00eb, cocaleros jan\u00eb kryesisht fermer\u00eb p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt thon\u00eb se kan\u00eb pak mud\u00ebsi t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb korrat.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe vendet e tjera per\u00ebndimore q\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh kan\u00eb bllokuar p\u00ebrpjekjet e Bolivis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb dekriminalizuar gjethet, cocaleros jan\u00eb cil\u00ebsuar si shkaku i shum\u00eb problemeve t\u00eb drog\u00ebs n\u00eb bot\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cMe \u00e7do p\u00ebrs\u00ebritje t\u00eb politik\u00ebs s\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb, kultivuesit e kok\u00ebs n\u00eb Bolivia detyroheshin t\u00eb ndiqnin \u00e7far\u00ebdo udh\u00ebzimi politikash q\u00eb ishte i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr burokracin\u00eb amerikane\u201d<\/em>, tha Kathryn Ledebur, drejtore e Rrjetit t\u00eb Informacionit Andean, nj\u00eb grup k\u00ebrkimor me baz\u00eb n\u00eb Bolivi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cGjat\u00eb luft\u00ebs kund\u00ebr drog\u00ebs, fermer\u00ebt e kok\u00ebs ishin trafikant\u00eb droge, pastaj narko-terrorist\u00eb\u201d.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrqendrimi i Bolivis\u00eb n\u00eb heqjen e gjethes nga lista e zez\u00eb e OKB-s\u00eb buron nga skepticizmi i saj n\u00eb lidhje me skemat e zhdukjes s\u00eb kok\u00ebs, t\u00eb cilat autoritetet thon\u00eb se kan\u00eb sjell\u00eb dhun\u00eb q\u00eb nga ajo koh\u00eb kur presidentia amerikan Richard Nixon filloi “luft\u00ebn e tij kund\u00ebr drog\u00ebs” n\u00eb 1971.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb pamund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t’i detyruar cocaleros t\u00eb sakrifikojn\u00eb jetes\u00ebn e tyre t\u00eb varf\u00ebr duke mbjell\u00eb kultura z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuese, autoritetet boliviane filluan t\u00eb licencojn\u00eb fermer\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur koka n\u00eb vend.<\/span><\/p>\n

Duke k\u00ebrkuar studimin e bim\u00ebs s\u00eb kok\u00ebs n\u00eb OKB, Presidenti Luis Arce u k\u00ebrkoi kombeve t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzonin “nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb re p\u00ebr t\u00eb korrigjuar k\u00ebt\u00eb gabim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb historik”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Uashingtoni tha se ishte i hapur p\u00ebr studimin e OBSH-s\u00eb, por sinjalizoi se nuk po e mb\u00ebshteste legalizimin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb treg i ligjsh\u00ebm i gjetheve t\u00eb kok\u00ebs, tha Zyra e SHBA-s\u00eb p\u00ebr Politik\u00ebn Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Kontrollit t\u00eb Drog\u00ebs, nuk i pengon ato bim\u00eb t\u00eb paligjshme t\u00eb mbijn\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb deklarat\u00eb duke iu p\u00ebrgjigjur pyetjeve t\u00eb Associated Press, agjencia citoi shifrat e qeveris\u00eb amerikane q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se nd\u00ebrsa kultivimi i kok\u00ebs n\u00eb Bolivi u dyfishua nga viti 2006 n\u00eb 2021, prodhimi i paligjsh\u00ebm i kokain\u00ebs gjithashtu u rrit me 175%.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Q\u00eb nga viti 2022, OKB-ja tha se Bolivia kishte 29,900 hektar\u00eb (115 milje katror\u00eb) me koka, nga t\u00eb cilat vet\u00ebm 22,000 ishin t\u00eb ligjshme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ish-presidenti Evo Morales, nj\u00eb lider i gjat\u00eb i sindikatave t\u00eb kultivuesve t\u00eb kokas, i cili e p\u00ebrzuri Agjencin\u00eb Amerikane p\u00ebr Zbatimin e Drog\u00ebs (DEA) nga Bolivia n\u00eb vitin 2009, p\u00ebrdori zyr\u00ebn e tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar tregun e kokas s\u00eb rregulluar nga shteti t\u00eb Bolivis\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb lobuar n\u00eb OKB p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr ndalimin e saj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ikona e s\u00eb majt\u00ebs arriti nj\u00eb fitore diplomatike n\u00eb vitin 2013, kur OKB-ja ra dakord t\u00eb linte Bolivin\u00eb t\u00eb ribashkohej me traktatin e saj global t\u00eb drog\u00ebs me nj\u00eb leht\u00ebsim p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorime tradicionale t\u00eb gjetheve t\u00eb kokas\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por shtytja e Morales p\u00ebr nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb OBSH-s\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoi kur protestat e dhunshme trondit\u00ebn Bolivin\u00eb n\u00eb 2019, duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb dor\u00ebheqjen dhe internimin e tij pas 14 vjet\u00ebsh n\u00eb pushtet.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

N\u00ebse do t\u00eb ishte diku tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb Amerik\u00ebn e Jugut, sht\u00ebpia e pap\u00ebrshkrueshme me kova t\u00eb mbushura me gjethe koka t\u00eb zhytura n\u00eb l\u00ebng mund t\u00eb ngat\u00ebrrohej me nj\u00eb laborator klandestin kokaine. Por ky \u00ebsht\u00eb La Paz, Bolivi, dhe aroma e gjetheve t\u00eb kok\u00ebs q\u00eb zhytet n\u00eb fu\u00e7i sinjalizon se keni mb\u00ebrritur n\u00eb distilerin\u00eb e […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":51,"featured_media":680832,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-680828","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fast-foodi"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/680828","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=680828"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/680828\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/680832"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=680828"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=680828"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=680828"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}