{"id":675607,"date":"2024-05-17T20:12:43","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T18:12:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=675607"},"modified":"2024-05-17T20:15:59","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T18:15:59","slug":"zbulimi-mahnites-pikturohet-per-here-te-pare-harta-me-e-hollesishme-e-trurit-te-njeriut","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2024\/05\/17\/zbulimi-mahnites-pikturohet-per-here-te-pare-harta-me-e-hollesishme-e-trurit-te-njeriut\/","title":{"rendered":"Zbulimi mahnit\u00ebs, \u201cpikturohet\u201d p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb harta m\u00eb e holl\u00ebsishme e trurit t\u00eb njeriut","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Dhjet\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, Dr. Jeff Lichtman – profesor i biologjis\u00eb molekulare dhe qelizore n\u00eb Universitetin e Harvardit – mori nj\u00eb most\u00ebr t\u00eb vog\u00ebl truri n\u00eb laboratorin e tij.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edhe pse i vog\u00ebl, 1 milimet\u00ebr kub i indit ishte mjaft i madh pasi p\u00ebrmbante 57,000 qeliza, 230 milimetra en\u00eb gjaku dhe 150 milion\u00eb sinapse.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIshte m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb kok\u00ebrr orizi, por filluam ta prisnim dhe ta shikonim, dhe ishte v\u00ebrtet e bukur,\u201d<\/em> tha ai. \u201cPor nd\u00ebrsa po grumbullonim t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, kuptova se thjesht kishim rrug\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb p\u00ebrpara, shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr sesa mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballonim.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimisht, Lichtman dhe ekipi i tij p\u00ebrfunduan me 1,400 terabajt t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga kampioni – af\u00ebrsisht p\u00ebrmbajtjen e mbi 1 miliard librave. Tani, pas nj\u00eb dekade bashk\u00ebpunimi t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb t\u00eb ekipit laboratorik me shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt n\u00eb Google, ato t\u00eb dh\u00ebna jan\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb hart\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb holl\u00ebsishme t\u00eb nj\u00eb kampioni t\u00eb trurit njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb krijuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

300 milion\u00eb pamje<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Mostra e trurit erdhi nga nj\u00eb pacient me epilepsi t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb procedur\u00eb standarde, tha Lichtman, p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb trurit p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar krizat, dhe m\u00eb pas e shikoni indin p\u00ebr t’u siguruar q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb normal.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Pacienti ishte anonim, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb nuk dija pothuajse asgj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 mosh\u00ebs dhe gjinis\u00eb,”<\/em> tha ai.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb analizuar kampionin, Lichtman dhe ekipi i tij fillimisht e pren\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb holla duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb thik\u00eb me nj\u00eb teh t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb prej diamanti. Seksionet u fut\u00ebn m\u00eb pas n\u00eb nj\u00eb rr\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb dhe u pren\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri, shum\u00eb holl\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cRreth 30 nanometra, ose af\u00ebrsisht e 1000-ta e trash\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb flok\u00ebve t\u00eb njeriut. Ata ishin praktikisht t\u00eb paduksh\u00ebm, n\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebr faktin se i kishim shenjuar me metale t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, gj\u00eb q\u00eb i b\u00ebnte t\u00eb dukshme kur b\u00ebnim pamjet elektronike, “<\/em>tha ai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekipi p\u00ebrfundoi me disa mij\u00ebra feta, t\u00eb cilat u kap\u00ebn me nj\u00eb kaset\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb me porosi, duke krijuar nj\u00eb lloj shiriti filmi: \u201cN\u00ebse b\u00ebni nj\u00eb fotografi t\u00eb secilit prej atyre seksioneve dhe i rreshtoni ato foto, ju merrni nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb tredimensionale t\u00eb trurit n\u00eb nivel mikroskopik.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Pik\u00ebrisht at\u00ebher\u00eb studiuesit kuptuan se kishin nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr ndihm\u00eb me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat, sepse pamjet q\u00eb dilnin do kishin nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb konsiderueshme ruajtjeje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lichtman e dinte se Google po punonte n\u00eb nj\u00eb hart\u00eb dixhitale t\u00eb trurit t\u00eb nj\u00eb mize frutash, e l\u00ebshuar n\u00eb vitin 2019 dhe kishte pajisjen e duhur kompjuterike p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb pun\u00eb. Ai kontaktoi me Viren Jain, nj\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar i lart\u00eb i stafit t\u00eb k\u00ebrkimit n\u00eb Google, i cili po punonte n\u00eb projektin e mizave t\u00eb frutave.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cKishte 300 milion\u00eb pamje t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta (n\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e Harvardit),\u201d<\/em> tha Jain.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAjo q\u00eb i b\u00ebn kaq shum\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebr t\u2019u ruajtur \u00a0\u00ebsht\u00eb se po merrni pamje me nj\u00eb rezolucion shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, n\u00eb nivelin e nj\u00eb sinapsi individual. Dhe vet\u00ebm n\u00eb at\u00eb kampion t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb indit t\u00eb trurit kishte 150 milion\u00eb sinapse.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar pamjet, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt n\u00eb Google p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn p\u00ebrpunimin dhe analiz\u00ebn e bazuar n\u00eb inteligjenc\u00ebn artificiale, duke identifikuar se \u00e7far\u00eb lloj qelizash ishin n\u00eb secil\u00ebn fotografi dhe si ishin t\u00eb lidhura ato.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rezultati \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb model interaktiv 3D i indit t\u00eb trurit dhe grupi m\u00eb i madh i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb krijuar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rezolut\u00eb t\u00eb struktur\u00ebs s\u00eb trurit t\u00eb njeriut. Google e b\u00ebri at\u00eb t\u00eb disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb internet si “Neuroglancer” dhe nj\u00eb studim u botua n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Science n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, me Lichtman dhe Jain midis bashkautor\u00ebve.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kuptimi i trurit<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Bashk\u00ebpunimi msidis ekipeve t\u00eb Harvardit dhe Google rezultoi n\u00eb pamje t\u00eb ngjyrosura q\u00eb i b\u00ebjn\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsit\u00a0 individual\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb duksh\u00ebm, por p\u00ebrndryshe ato jan\u00eb nj\u00eb paraqitje e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb e indit.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ngjyrat jan\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht arbitrare,”<\/em> shpjegoi Jain, “por p\u00ebrtej k\u00ebsaj, nuk ka shum\u00eb pun\u00eb artistike k\u00ebtu. E gjith\u00eb thelbi i k\u00ebsaj \u00ebsht\u00eb se ne nuk po e krijojm\u00eb at\u00eb – k\u00ebta jan\u00eb neuronet e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, telat e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb tru, dhe ne n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb thjesht po e b\u00ebjm\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb arritsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr biolog\u00ebt p\u00ebr ta par\u00eb dhe studiuar.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebrmbanin disa surpriza. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb formojn\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb vetme, \u00e7iftet e neuroneve kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 50 t\u00eb tilla.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00ebsoj sikur dy sht\u00ebpi n\u00eb nj\u00eb bllok t\u00eb kishin 50 linja telefonike t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta q\u00eb i lidhin ato. \u00e7far\u00eb po ndodh atje? Pse jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur kaq fort? Nuk e dim\u00eb ende se cili \u00ebsht\u00eb funksioni apo r\u00ebnd\u00ebsia e k\u00ebsaj dukurie, do t\u00eb na duhet ta studiojm\u00eb m\u00eb tej\u201d<\/em>, tha ai.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrfundimisht, v\u00ebzhgimi i trurit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel holl\u00ebsish mund t’i ndihmoj\u00eb studiuesit t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb gjendjet mjek\u00ebsore e ss\u00ebmundjet e pakurueshme, sipas Lichtman.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201c\u00c7far\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb trurin ton\u00eb? M\u00eb e mira q\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ta p\u00ebrshkruajm\u00eb at\u00eb dhe shpresojm\u00eb q\u00eb nga k\u00ebto p\u00ebrshkrime do arrihet nj\u00eb realizim, p\u00ebr shembull, se si truri normal \u00ebsht\u00eb i ndrysh\u00ebm nga truri q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i \u00e7rregullt, n\u00eb s\u00ebmundjet psikiatrike t\u00eb t\u00eb rriturve ose \u00e7rregullimet e zhvillimit si spektri i autizmit – ky lloj krahasimi do jet\u00eb shum\u00eb i vlefsh\u00ebm,\u201d<\/em> tha ai.<\/span><\/p>\n

“P\u00ebrfundimisht, do na jap\u00eb nj\u00eb pasqyr\u00eb t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e gabuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn, n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e rasteve, ne jemi ende n\u00eb err\u00ebsir\u00eb.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Lichtman beson gjithashtu se grupi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i mbushur me holl\u00ebsi t\u00eb tjera mahnit\u00ebse q\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tij, nuk jan\u00eb zbuluar ende: “Dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb arsyeja pse ne po e ndajm\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb internet, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb \u00e7dokush mund ta shikoj\u00eb dhe t\u00eb gjej\u00eb gj\u00ebra,”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, ekipi q\u00eb q\u00ebndron pas projektit synon t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb nj\u00eb hart\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb trurit t\u00eb nj\u00eb miu, i cili do k\u00ebrkonte midis 500 dhe 1000 her\u00eb sasin\u00eb e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb mostr\u00ebs s\u00eb trurit t\u00eb njeriut.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb 1 ekzabajt, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 1000 petabajt,”<\/em> tha Lichtman.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cShum\u00eb njer\u00ebz po mendojn\u00eb fort se si do ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb dhe ne jemi n\u00eb vitin e par\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb prove pes\u00ebvje\u00e7are. Mendoj se ky do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb \u00e7ast p\u00ebr neuroshkenc\u00ebn, p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb diagram t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb trurit t\u00eb gjitar\u00ebve; do t’u p\u00ebrgjigjej shum\u00eb, shum\u00eb pyetjeve. Dhe sigurisht, do zbulonte shum\u00eb probleme t\u00eb tjera, gj\u00ebra q\u00eb nuk i kishim pritur.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Po n\u00eb lidhje me hart\u00ebn e nj\u00eb truri t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb njer\u00ebzor? Kjo do t\u00eb ishte 1000 her\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe, shpjegoi Lichtman, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat do arrinin n\u00eb 1 zetabyte. N\u00eb vitin 2016, kjo ishte madh\u00ebsia e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trafikut t\u00eb internetit p\u00ebr vitin, sipas Cisco. P\u00ebr momentin, tha Lichtman, jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb do ishte e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb ruheshin edhe aq shum\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna, por nuk do t\u00eb kishte asnj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb etike t\u00eb pranueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb burimin e nj\u00eb truri njer\u00ebzor t\u00eb paprekur dhe t\u00eb ruajtur mir\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Hapja e nj\u00eb shtegu t\u00eb ri<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Studiuesit n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn fush\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk ishin t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb, shpreh\u00ebn entuziazmin e tyre kur u pyet\u00ebn nga CNN p\u00ebr koment.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ky studim \u00ebsht\u00eb i mrekulluesh\u00ebm dhe ka shum\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb m\u00ebsuar nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebna si kjo,”<\/em> tha Michael Bienkowki, nj\u00eb asistent profesor i fiziologjis\u00eb dhe neuroshkenc\u00ebs n\u00eb Shkoll\u00ebn e Mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb Keck t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Kalifornis\u00eb Jugore.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cPjesa m\u00eb e madhe e asaj q\u00eb ne mendojm\u00eb se kuptojm\u00eb p\u00ebr trurin e njeriut \u00ebsht\u00eb ekstrapoluar nga kafsh\u00ebt, por hulumtimet si ky jan\u00eb kritike p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar se \u00e7far\u00eb na b\u00ebn v\u00ebrtet njer\u00ebz. Vizualizimi i neuroneve dhe qelizave t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb trurit \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrtet sfidues p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb densitetit dhe kompleksitetit t\u00eb tyre, dhe grupi i t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave aktuale nuk kap lidhjet me rreze m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb,\u201d<\/em> tha Bienkowski.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u201cNga cilat rajone t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb trurit vijn\u00eb k\u00ebto inpute dhe ku shkojn\u00eb rezultatet pasi t\u00eb largohen nga zona? Por t\u00eb shoh\u00ebsh t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto lloje t\u00eb ndryshme qelizash dhe nd\u00ebrveprimet e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb e pabesueshme dhe t\u00eb b\u00ebn t\u00eb vler\u00ebsosh at\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kryevep\u00ebr e arkitektur\u00ebs s\u00eb jet\u00ebs\u201d<\/em>, shtoi ai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Andreas Tolias, nj\u00eb profesor i oftalmologjis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin Stanford n\u00eb Kaliforni, ishte dakord.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKy \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb studim teknik i jasht\u00ebzakonsh\u00ebm q\u00eb rind\u00ebrton struktur\u00ebn e korteksit t\u00eb njeriut me rezolucion t\u00eb lart\u00eb,\u201d<\/em> tha ai.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIsha ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht i emocionuar p\u00ebr zbulimin e aksoneve t\u00eb rrall\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar deri n\u00eb 50 sinapsa. Ky zbulim \u00ebsht\u00eb intrigues dhe ngre pyetje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb lidhje me rolet e tyre llogarit\u00ebse.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Projekti i hart\u00ebs s\u00eb trurit hap der\u00ebn p\u00ebr hetimet e ardhshme, sipas neuroshkenc\u00ebtarit Olaf Sporns.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201c\u00c7do tru i njeriut \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb rrjet i madh i miliarda qelizave nervore\u201d<\/em>, tha Sporns, profesor i shquar i shkencave psikologjike dhe trurit n\u00eb Universitetin e Indian\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKy rrjet lejon qelizat t\u00eb komunikojn\u00eb, n\u00eb modele shum\u00eb specifike q\u00eb jan\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr kujtes\u00ebn, mendimin dhe sjelljen. Harta e k\u00ebtij rrjeti, lidhjes njer\u00ebzore, \u00ebsht\u00eb kritike p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar se si funksionon truri,\u201d<\/em> shtoi ai, duke v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se studimi hap terren t\u00eb ri drejt k\u00ebtij q\u00ebllimi t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm dhe ofron mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb reja emocionuese p\u00ebr eksplorim dhe zbulim.<\/span><\/p>\n

VINI RE<\/strong><\/span>: Ky material \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00ebsi intelektuale e CNN<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti p\u00ebr Hashtag.al,<\/span> Klodian Manjani<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dhjet\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, Dr. Jeff Lichtman – profesor i biologjis\u00eb molekulare dhe qelizore n\u00eb Universitetin e Harvardit – mori nj\u00eb most\u00ebr t\u00eb vog\u00ebl truri n\u00eb laboratorin e tij. Edhe pse i vog\u00ebl, 1 milimet\u00ebr kub i indit ishte mjaft i madh pasi p\u00ebrmbante 57,000 qeliza, 230 milimetra en\u00eb gjaku dhe 150 milion\u00eb sinapse. \u201cIshte […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":51,"featured_media":675609,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-675607","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ballina"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/675607","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=675607"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/675607\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/675609"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=675607"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=675607"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=675607"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}