{"id":675584,"date":"2024-05-17T18:42:14","date_gmt":"2024-05-17T16:42:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=675584"},"modified":"2024-05-17T19:46:10","modified_gmt":"2024-05-17T17:46:10","slug":"mikrokredia-mjet-shfrytezimi-apo-fuqizimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2024\/05\/17\/mikrokredia-mjet-shfrytezimi-apo-fuqizimi\/","title":{"rendered":"Mikrokredia: mjet shfryt\u00ebzimi apo fuqizimi?","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nga Irena Beqiraj<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb i njohuri im mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb, sepse mori 200 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb hua, pa e kuptuar se do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb kthente m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dyfishin e saj brenda nj\u00eb viti. Mij\u00ebra shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme: Banka e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb ditur se interesat e mikrokredive konsumatore arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb 118,96 p\u00ebrqind gjat\u00eb vitit 2023.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gjendja do vazhdoj\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb edhe n\u00eb vitin 2024. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb vit, Banka e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb parashikon q\u00eb interesi i kredive konsumatore deri n\u00eb 200 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb t\u00eb arrij\u00eb n\u00eb rreth 100 p\u00ebrqind. Pra, nj\u00eb qytetar q\u00eb do marr\u00eb 200 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb kredi, do duhet t\u00eb kthej\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit maksimalisht 400 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb bashk\u00eb me interesat. P\u00ebr t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn vler\u00eb kredie, maksimumi q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kthente n\u00eb 2023 ishte 437 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb – nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim i vog\u00ebl nga nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Profesori Nobelist Muhammad Yunus, i konsideruar si babai i biznesit \u201csocial\u201d t\u00eb mikrokredive, thot\u00eb se \u201ckredia \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb e drejt\u00eb e njeriut dhe duhet trajtuar si e till\u00eb\u201d. Ai beson se mikrokredia u mund\u00ebson t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve t\u00eb dalin nga varf\u00ebria, duke u siguruar atyre mjete financiare p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar potencialin e tyre sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs, sepse t\u00eb varf\u00ebrit jan\u00eb po aq t\u00eb zot\u00eb n\u00eb loj\u00ebn e tregut sa kushdo tjet\u00ebr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dekadat e fundit, dh\u00ebnia e kredive t\u00eb vogla p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit e varf\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruar zgjidhja e art\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u dh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebrve mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por jo \u00e7do gj\u00eb n\u00eb praktik\u00eb shkoi si\u00e7 mendohej n\u00eb let\u00ebr. Vet\u00eb Yunus e pranon se mikrokredia nga nj\u00eb \u201cmund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndihmuar njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb t\u00eb dalin nga varf\u00ebria po kthehet n\u00eb nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar para nga njer\u00ebzit e varf\u00ebr.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Kjo duket se ka ndodhur n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb faktor\u00ebsh. <\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari, huadh\u00ebn\u00ebsit n\u00eb vend t\u00eb normave t\u00eb pranueshme kan\u00eb aplikuar norma shfryt\u00ebzuese interesi; <\/span><\/p>\n

s\u00eb dyti, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb mikrokredit\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoreshin p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar potencialin sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs, shumica e tyre jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr financimin e konsumit, prandaj ato kan\u00eb pasur ndikim minimal n\u00eb rritjen e t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb kredimarr\u00ebsve; <\/span><\/p>\n

s\u00eb treti, taktikat agresive t\u00eb mbledhjes s\u00eb huave,\u00a0 shpesh t\u00eb organizuara nga grupe me interesa t\u00eb lidhura, dhe mosveprimi n\u00eb koh\u00eb i institucioneve regullatore kan\u00eb rezultuar n\u00eb zhvatje masive t\u00eb huadh\u00ebn\u00ebsve q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb mundur t\u00eb shlyejn\u00eb n\u00eb koh\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Norm\u00eb interesi e pranueshme apo norm\u00eb interesi shfryt\u00ebzuese?<\/span><\/p>\n

Sikurse p\u00ebrmenda m\u00eb sip\u00ebr t\u00eb varf\u00ebrit q\u00eb do marrin mikrokredi k\u00ebt\u00eb vit do duhen t\u00eb kthejn\u00eb mbrapsht dyfishin e shum\u00ebs s\u00eb huas\u00eb, si pasoj\u00eb e interesave marram\u00ebnd\u00ebse.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00eb marr\u00ebsh 200 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb hua dhe t\u00eb paguash p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vit 400 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kosto q\u00eb mund do t\u00eb rr\u00ebnonte k\u00ebdo, e jo m\u00eb t\u00eb varf\u00ebrit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Yunus thot\u00eb se normat e interesit duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb vet\u00ebm rreth 10-15 p\u00ebrqind m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se kosto e sigurimit t\u00eb kapitalit.\u00a0 Pra, n\u00ebse kosto mesatare e sigurimit t\u00eb kapitalit, sigurimit t\u00eb fondeve q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr t\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb hua, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb institucion mikrokredie \u00ebsht\u00eb 15 p\u00ebrqind, at\u00ebher\u00eb interesi i mikrokredive duhet t\u00eb ishte midis 25 p\u00ebrqind dhe 30 p\u00ebrqind. Sipas Yunus, interesat m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb se ky nivel jan\u00eb abuzive.<\/span><\/p>\n

Padyshim nj\u00eb institucion mikrokredie ka kosto m\u00eb t\u00eb larta operative pasi kushton m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb trajtosh dhjet\u00eb kredi nga 30 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb sesa nj\u00eb kredi 300 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb. Por pyetja q\u00eb pret p\u00ebrgjigje mbetet: Edhe n\u00ebse kostot e sigurimit t\u00eb kapitalit dhe ato operative justifikojn\u00eb interesin n\u00eb nivelin 100 p\u00ebrqind, kujt i sh\u00ebrben ky biznes?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Me norma t\u00eb tilla mikrokredia nga ndihm\u00eb q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb dalin nga varf\u00ebria, \u00ebsht\u00eb kthyer n\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar para nga njer\u00ebzit e varf\u00ebr.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa industria e mikrokredive n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri po rritet dhe po b\u00ebhet p\u00ebrher\u00eb e m\u00eb agresive duke pretenduar se jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb fonde nga burime t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht private (Kredo Financ\u00eb madje po k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb emetoj\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri obligacione me ofert\u00eb private), p\u00ebrvoja bot\u00ebrore tregon se institucionet e mikrokredis\u00eb aplikojn\u00eb interesa t\u00eb arsyeshme vet\u00ebm kur nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb kapitalit e sigurojn\u00eb nga fondet me norma shum\u00eb t\u00eb ulta t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga qeveria apo donator\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mikrokredi p\u00ebr nxitjen e sip\u00ebrmarrjes mes shtresave t\u00eb varf\u00ebra, apo mikrokredi\u00a0 p\u00ebr financimin e konsumit?<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1997, Banka Grameen dhe kompania norvegjeze Telenor krijuan n\u00eb Bangladesh nj\u00eb skem\u00eb mikrokredie p\u00ebr t\u00eb financuar blerjen e nj\u00eb telefoni celular nga grat\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat m\u00eb pas e p\u00ebrdorin at\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ofruar telefonata me pages\u00eb shtes\u00eb n\u00eb lagjet e tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Zonjat e telefonave\u201d krijuan t\u00eb adhura nga 750 deri 1200\u00a0 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit, kur t\u00eb ardhurat mesatare vjetore p\u00ebr frym\u00eb n\u00eb Bangladesh ishin rreth 300 dollar\u00eb. Ky shembull ilustron at\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb provuar edhe shum\u00eb studime: mikrokredia \u00ebsht\u00eb e dobishme vet\u00ebm kur financon nj\u00eb mjet, apo nj\u00eb ide q\u00eb i mund\u00ebson humarr\u00ebsit krijimin e t\u00eb ardhurave shtes\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa filloi si mund\u00ebsi financimi p\u00ebr sip\u00ebrmarrjeve t\u00eb vogla individuale, mikrokredia tashm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvendosur tek fimancimi i konsumit-individ\u00ebve, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ata me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb pakta u jepet mund\u00ebsia t\u00eb blejn\u00eb me kredi me interesa shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta mallra e sh\u00ebrbime (celular\u00eb, fshes\u00eb me korrent, lavatri\u00e7e, pushime, etj.). Me k\u00ebto kredi, mund t\u00eb blihet edhe alkool, drog\u00eb dhe k\u00ebnaqen vese t\u00eb tjera.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mikrokredit\u00eb e p\u00ebrdorura p\u00ebr konsum nuk japin asnj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar t\u00eb ardhura shtes\u00eb, ato thjesht i zhysin individ\u00ebt n\u00eb borxh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas Dichter, studies i njohur i programeve mikrofinanciare, thekson se asnj\u00eb individ nuk del nga varf\u00ebria duke marr\u00eb mikrokredi; \u00e7far\u00eb i jep fund varf\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kombinimi i pun\u00ebs dhe kapitalit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Komercializimi i skajsh\u00ebm, interesat e larta, leht\u00ebsia p\u00ebr marrjen e mikrokredive konsumatore q\u00eb nuk krijojn\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura shtes\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb shoq\u00ebruar dekad\u00ebn e fundit me taktika agresive t\u00eb grumbullimit t\u00eb tyre. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, n\u00eb kushtet e munges\u00ebs s\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb kredimarr\u00ebsve nga huat\u00eb me interesa shfryt\u00ebzuese, shum\u00eb familje t\u00eb varfra gjenden n\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi financiare dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb rr\u00ebnuara se ma par\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrvoja, kjo m\u00ebsuese e vrazhd\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn politikb\u00ebr\u00ebsit tan\u00eb kan\u00eb aft\u00ebsi mbres\u00ebl\u00ebnese p\u00ebr ta injoruar, tregon se zhvillimi ekonomik dhe ulja e varf\u00ebris\u00eb jan\u00eb armiqt\u00eb e natyrsh\u00ebm t\u00eb \u201clumturis\u00eb\u201d (fitimeve) t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve mikrofinanciare dhe anasjelltas. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sipas raportimeve zyrtare, p\u00ebr vitin 2023 n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb ton\u00eb, kompanit\u00eb e mikrokredis\u00eb dyfishuan fitimet. \u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se kush ka fituar deri tani n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb betej\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Irena Beqiraj Nj\u00eb i njohuri im mund t\u00eb humbas\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb, sepse mori 200 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb hua, pa e kuptuar se do t\u00eb duhej t\u00eb kthente m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dyfishin e saj brenda nj\u00eb viti. Mij\u00ebra shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb situat\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme: Banka e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb ditur se interesat […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":32,"featured_media":288265,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-675584","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-te-fundit"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/675584","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=675584"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/675584\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/288265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=675584"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=675584"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=675584"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}