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Narendra Modi dikur i kishte syt\u00eb nga\u00a0 Kina. Si nj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs indian shteti miq\u00ebsor ndaj biznesit, ai udh\u00ebtoi atje vazhdimisht p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr investime dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb se si vendi i tij mund t\u00eb m\u00ebsonte nga shnd\u00ebrrimi ekonomik i fqinjit t\u00eb tij. Kina, tha ai, ka nj\u00eb “vend t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb n\u00eb zemr\u00ebn time”. Zyrtar\u00ebt kinez\u00eb e brohorit\u00ebn marshimin e tij drejt pushtetit si at\u00eb t\u00eb “nj\u00eb ylli politik”.<\/span><\/p>\n Por jo shum\u00eb koh\u00eb pasi Modi u b\u00eb kryeminist\u00ebr n\u00eb vitin 2014, Kina e b\u00ebri t\u00eb qart\u00eb se marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia nuk do ishte aq e leht\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb ai po festonte dit\u00eblindjen e tij t\u00eb 63-t\u00eb duke pritur liderin e Kin\u00ebs, Xi Jinping, madje i ulur n\u00eb nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00ebse me t\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb park buz\u00eb lumit, qindra ushtar\u00eb kinez\u00eb po nd\u00ebrhynin n\u00eb territorin e Indis\u00eb n\u00eb Himalaje, duke ndezur nj\u00eb p\u00ebrplasje t\u00eb ashp\u00ebr disajavore.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb dhjet\u00ebvje\u00e7ar m\u00eb von\u00eb, lidhjet midis dy kombeve m\u00eb t\u00eb populluara n\u00eb bot\u00eb jan\u00eb thyer pothuajse plot\u00ebsisht. Sulmet e vijueshme kufitare u ndez\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrplasje t\u00eb eg\u00ebr n\u00eb vitin 2020 q\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnoi t\u00eb \u00e7onte n\u00eb luft\u00eb gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse. Modi, nj\u00eb njeri i fort\u00eb q\u00eb kontrollon \u00e7do lev\u00eb pushteti n\u00eb Indi dhe ka zgjeruar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e tij me shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera, shfaqet jasht\u00ebzakonisht i pafuqish\u00ebm p\u00ebrball\u00eb thyerjes me Kin\u00ebn.<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrsa Modi k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb mandat t\u00eb tret\u00eb n\u00eb zgjedhjet q\u00eb nisin t\u00eb premten, tensionet r\u00ebndojn\u00eb shum\u00eb mbi narrativ\u00ebn gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse t\u00eb fushat\u00ebs s\u00eb tij: se ai po e b\u00ebn Indin\u00eb nj\u00eb fuqi t\u00eb madhe globale dhe, si rrjedhoj\u00eb, po rikthen krenarin\u00eb komb\u00ebtare. Larg kufirit prej 2100 miljesh, p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb \u00e7do rruge ku India k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb zgjerohet, Kina duket nj\u00eb konkurrente e ashp\u00ebr.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb oborrin e pas\u00ebm t\u00eb Indis\u00eb n\u00eb Azin\u00eb Jugore, Kina ka p\u00ebrdorur burimet e saj t\u00eb m\u00ebdha – frytet e reformave ekonomike t\u00eb prezantuara dhjet\u00ebvje\u00e7ar\u00eb para Indis\u00eb – p\u00ebr t\u00eb sfiduar ep\u00ebrsin\u00eb indiane, duke u ballafaquar me partner\u00ebt p\u00ebrmes marr\u00ebveshjeve t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar qasje n\u00eb portet strategjike.<\/span><\/p>\n M\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht, Kina dhe India po konkurrojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr vendet n\u00eb zhvillim t\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajturit jug global. Kur India priti samitin e Grupit 20 vitin e kaluar, duke e p\u00ebrdorur at\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb shfaqur mb\u00ebshtetjen e saj p\u00ebr vendet m\u00eb t\u00eb varfra, Xi e anashkaloi ngjarjen. Kina ka qen\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb penges\u00eb kryesore n\u00eb fushat\u00ebn e Indis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar nj\u00eb vend t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm t\u00eb lakmuar n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin e Sigurimit t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n “Sot, ju shihni nj\u00eb Indi q\u00eb ndoshta nuk e kishit par\u00eb kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, n\u00eb shum\u00eb kuptime,”<\/em> tha Nirupama Menon Rao, nj\u00eb ish-ambasador indian n\u00eb Kin\u00eb dhe Shtetet e Bashkuara.<\/span><\/p>\n “Un\u00eb mendoj se kinez\u00ebt jan\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb dhe ata ende do donin t\u00eb na rr\u00ebzonin, p\u00ebr t\u00eb vendosur pengesa.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Shk\u00ebputja e Indis\u00eb me Kin\u00ebn ka ofruar nj\u00eb hapje p\u00ebr vendet per\u00ebndimore p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjeruar lidhjet e mbrojtjes dhe ato ekonomike me Nju Delhi, nj\u00eb zhvillim shqet\u00ebsues p\u00ebr Pekinin.<\/span><\/p>\n India n\u00ebnshkroi nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjesh me Shtetet e Bashkuara vitin e kaluar p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar bashk\u00ebpunimin ushtarak. India \u00ebsht\u00eb afruar gjithashtu me dy an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajturit \u201cQuad\u201d, Australia dhe Japonia, nd\u00ebrsa grupi punon p\u00ebr t\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuar projeksionin e Kin\u00ebs p\u00ebr fuqi.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, India sheh nj\u00eb mund\u00ebsi pasi Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe Evropa k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb alternativa ndaj Kin\u00ebs si nj\u00eb vend p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar mallrat e tyre. Nj\u00eb sukses i hersh\u00ebm ka qen\u00eb rritja e ndjeshme e prodhimit t\u00eb iPhone n\u00eb Indi.<\/span><\/p>\n Por edhe me k\u00ebto hapje, Kina vijon t\u00eb ekspozoj\u00eb pasigurit\u00eb indiane. Ekonomia kineze \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth pes\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe se ajo e Indis\u00eb dhe Kina mbetet partneri i dyt\u00eb m\u00eb i madh tregtar i Indis\u00eb (pas Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara), duke eksportuar rreth gjasht\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb Indi sesa importon. Kina shpenzon m\u00eb shum\u00eb se trefishin e Indis\u00eb p\u00ebr ushtrin\u00eb, duke u dh\u00ebn\u00eb forcave t\u00eb saj nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb tok\u00eb, det dhe aj\u00ebr.<\/span><\/p>\n Ushtria indiane, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur prej koh\u00ebsh p\u00ebr t’u modernizuar, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb e detyruar t\u00eb jet\u00eb gati p\u00ebr luft\u00eb n\u00eb dy fronte, me Kin\u00ebn n\u00eb lindje dhe Pakistanin n\u00eb per\u00ebndim t\u00eb saj.<\/span><\/p>\n Dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra trupa nga India dhe Kina q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb baz\u00eb lufte n\u00eb Himalaje, kat\u00ebr vjet pasi p\u00ebrleshjet vdekjeprur\u00ebse shp\u00ebrthyen n\u00eb rajonin e diskutuesh\u00ebm Lindor t\u00eb Ladakhut, ku dy vendet kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar pranin\u00eb e tyre ushtarake. Dhjet\u00ebrsa ture bisedimesh nuk kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb sjellin asnj\u00eb qet\u00ebsi.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjith\u00ebse opozita politike \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur ta p\u00ebrshkruaj\u00eb Modin si t\u00eb dob\u00ebt p\u00ebrball\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjes kineze, sulmet kufitare nuk ka gjasa ta d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb at\u00eb politikisht, duke pasur parasysh munges\u00ebn e mbulimit t\u00eb lajmeve nga media indiane.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, Modit i \u00ebsht\u00eb dashur t’i jap\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi miliarda dollar\u00ebve p\u00ebr infrastruktur\u00ebn kufitare dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimet ushtarake, nd\u00ebrsa India ende lufton p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbuluar nevojat baz\u00eb t\u00eb 1.4 miliard\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb saj. Qeveria e tij po harton plane p\u00ebr t\u00eb ripopulluar qindra fshatra kufitare si nj\u00eb linj\u00eb e dyt\u00eb e mbrojtjes kund\u00ebr k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimit t\u00eb vijuesh\u00ebm t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjes kineze.<\/span><\/p>\n Jaishankar, ministri i Jasht\u00ebm i Indis\u00eb, pranoi koh\u00ebt e fundit se nuk kishte “p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb lehta” p\u00ebr dilem\u00ebn e paraqitur nga fqinji agresiv i Indis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n “Ata po ndryshojn\u00eb, ne po ndryshojm\u00eb,”<\/em> tha Jaishankar.<\/span><\/p>\n “Si ta gjejm\u00eb nj\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr?”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr t\u00eb botuar n\u00eb vitin 2020, pasi kishte marr\u00eb detyr\u00ebn si arkitekti i besuar i politik\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme t\u00eb\u00a0 Modit, Jaishankar shkroi se tensionet mes SHBA-s\u00eb dhe Kin\u00ebs i hap\u00ebn rrug\u00ebn sken\u00ebs e nj\u00eb bote \u201ct\u00eb gjith\u00eb kund\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n Ambiciet e Indis\u00eb si nj\u00eb fuqi e madhe, shkroi ai, do k\u00ebrkonin nj\u00eb lloj zhonglimi: “Merruni me SHBA-n\u00eb, menaxhoni Kin\u00ebn, kultivoni Evrop\u00ebn, siguroni Rusin\u00eb”.<\/span><\/p>\n Ngritja e Indis\u00eb si nj\u00eb ekonomi e madhe dhe n\u00eb rritje e ka lejuar at\u00eb t\u00eb mbaj\u00eb terrenin – duke punuar me \u00e7do partner nga i cili mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitoj\u00eb – n\u00eb nj\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb polarizuar dhe t\u00eb pasigurt.<\/span><\/p>\n Edhe pse India ka zgjeruar lidhjet e mbrojtjes me Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe ka dyfishuar tregtin\u00eb dypal\u00ebshe gjat\u00eb dhjet\u00ebvje\u00e7arit t\u00eb fundit, n\u00eb rreth 130 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb vet\u00ebm n\u00eb mallra, ajo i ka rezistuar presionit amerikan p\u00ebr t\u00eb rishqyrtuar marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e saj t\u00eb forta me Rusin\u00eb. India ka thelluar lidhjet me Evrop\u00ebn dhe Lindjen e Mesme gjithashtu; vet\u00ebm tregtia me Emiratet e Bashkuara Arabe ka arritur n\u00eb 85 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrsa India mbetet e kujdesshme p\u00ebr t’u kthyer n\u00eb peng n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e Per\u00ebndimit me Pekinin nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb nuk e ka harruar historin\u00eb e saj t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb me Shtetet e Bashkuara, Kina \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb fokus i pashmangsh\u00ebm pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim dyt\u00ebsor p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb historis\u00eb moderne indiane.<\/span><\/p>\n Kryeministri themelues socialist i Indis\u00eb po p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb mos ia prishte qejfin Kin\u00ebs komuniste, por shpirtmir\u00ebsia u shkat\u00ebrrua nga nj\u00eb luft\u00eb mujore n\u00eb vitin 1962 q\u00eb la mij\u00ebra t\u00eb vdekur. Marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet filluan t\u00eb normalizohen n\u00eb vitet 1980 edhe pse sulmet vijuan dhe kanalet e hapura t\u00eb komunikimit ul\u00ebn tensionet dhe rrit\u00ebn tregtin\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n “Ishte nj\u00eb Kin\u00eb ndryshe,”<\/em> tha Rao, ish-diplomate e lart\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Gjendja ndryshoi n\u00eb vitet para se Modi t\u00eb merrte detyr\u00ebn, tha ajo. Nd\u00ebrsa ekonomia e saj u rrit, Kina filloi t\u00eb tregonte muskujt – duke investuar shum\u00eb n\u00eb nism\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs \u201cBrez dhe Rrug\u00eb\u201d, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn India e shihte si k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuese p\u00ebr sigurin\u00eb dhe sferat e saj t\u00eb ndikimit, dhe duke l\u00ebvizur m\u00eb agresivisht n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e saj dhe n\u00eb Oqeanin Indian.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, Modi, i futur n\u00eb list\u00ebn e zez\u00eb nga Shtetet e Bashkuara kur ishte kreu shtet\u00ebror p\u00ebr rolin e tij n\u00eb trazirat e p\u00ebrgjakshme fetare, vijoi t’i shtrij\u00eb dor\u00ebn Pekinit. Si kryeminist\u00ebr, ai nuk lejoi q\u00eb turpi i sulmit kinez n\u00eb vitin 2014 t\u00eb zbehte mir\u00ebpritjen e tij n\u00eb tapetin e kuq ndaj Xi-s\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Mesazhi i tij i brisht\u00eb – nj\u00eb paralajm\u00ebrim se \u201cnj\u00eb dhimbje e vog\u00ebl dh\u00ebmbi mund t\u00eb paralizoj\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trupin\u201d – mbartte shpres\u00ebn se Xi do nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsohej.<\/span><\/p>\n Kjo shpres\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoi me p\u00ebrplasjen vdekjeprur\u00ebse t\u00eb vitit 2020 n\u00eb Ladakh-un Lindor. Tani, \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se Nju Delhi \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr ndaj nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi afatgjat\u00eb nga Kina, nj\u00eb ndryshim i duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb shtytjen e Modit p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e rrug\u00ebve dhe tuneleve n\u00eb zonat kufitare p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur nj\u00eb prani t\u00eb madhe trupash.<\/span><\/p>\n Gjat\u00eb pes\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2200 milje rrug\u00eb jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kufirit. N\u00eb rajonin e Kashmirit, mbi 2,000 pun\u00ebtor\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebr tre vjet duke g\u00ebrmuar nj\u00eb tunel n\u00eb lart\u00ebsi t\u00eb madhe q\u00eb do p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb lidhjen me Ladakh.<\/span><\/p>\n Kur projekti i tunelit, q\u00eb do kushtoj\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 850 milion\u00eb dollar\u00eb, t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb, ai do siguroj\u00eb q\u00eb trafiku t\u00eb l\u00ebviz\u00eb gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb vitit dhe t\u00eb pak\u00ebsoj\u00eb koh\u00ebn e udh\u00ebtimit me disa or\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n “P\u00ebr kat\u00ebr muaj, furnizimet p\u00ebr Ushtrin\u00eb Indiane u nd\u00ebrpren\u00eb sepse rruga do mbyllej,”<\/em> tha Harpal Singh, kreu i projektit.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cPasi t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb ky tunel, kjo nuk do ndodh\u00eb m\u00eb.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Qeveria e Modit po p\u00ebrpiqet gjithashtu t\u00eb ringjall\u00eb qindra fshatra p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kufirit p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar mbrojtjen.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb programi t\u00eb quajtur \u2018Fshatrat Vibrant\u00eb\u2019, qeveria po punon p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar infrastruktur\u00ebn, p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjeruar sh\u00ebrbimet dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb ushqyer turizmin me shpres\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb rikthyer emigrimin ekonomik q\u00eb krijoi “fshatrat fantazm\u00eb”.<\/span><\/p>\n “At\u00eb q\u00eb India mund t\u00eb kishte b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb 20 vitet e fundit, duhet ta b\u00ebj\u00eb tani n\u00eb dy\u00a0 vite,”<\/em> tha Sonam Murup, nj\u00eb officer n\u00eb pension i ushtris\u00eb indiane nga Ladakh, duke iu referuar zhvillimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e tij.<\/span><\/p>\n “Gjendja jon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e mir\u00eb tani,”<\/em> tha ai.<\/span><\/p>\n