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K\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi i Rusis\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur sulme kibernetike, propagand\u00eb dhe taktika t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb opinionin publik n\u00eb Gjermani\u00ebsht\u00eb real dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb rritje, thot\u00eb ministrja e Brendshme gjermane, Nancy Faeser. “Rreziqet kan\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb ri”, tha Nancy Faeser p\u00ebr gazet\u00ebn S\u00fcddeutsche Zeitung.<\/span><\/p>\n Paralajm\u00ebrimi i saj vjen n\u00eb koh\u00ebn kur Gjermania p\u00ebrgatitet p\u00ebr zgjedhjet e Parlamentit Evropian n\u00eb qershor dhe p\u00ebr zgjedhjet n\u00eb tri lande t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb n\u00eb shtator. Ekziston shqet\u00ebsimi n\u00eb rritje se Moska do t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqet t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje p\u00ebr partit\u00eb pro-ruse si Alternativa p\u00ebr Gjermanin\u00eb (AfD). <\/span><\/p>\n Gjermania ka qen\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh nj\u00eb objektiv i operacioneve t\u00eb ndikimit rus. Q\u00eb nga fillimi i pushtimit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2022, shum\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre operacioneve kan\u00eb synuar minimin e mb\u00ebshtetjes p\u00ebr Ukrain\u00ebn. “Tani b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar vendosm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe forc\u00ebn p\u00ebrball\u00eb k\u00ebsaj dhe ekspozimin se si vepron pala tjet\u00ebr\u201d, tha R\u00fcdiger von Fritsch, nj\u00eb ish-ambasador gjerman n\u00eb Mosk\u00eb dhe ish-z\u00ebvend\u00ebs president i BND, sh\u00ebrbimi i inteligjenc\u00ebs s\u00eb jashtme gjermane.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb lufta hibride?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Termi “luft\u00eb hibride” p\u00ebrshkruan nj\u00eb strategji komplekse q\u00eb kombinon mjetet ushtarake me metoda jokonvencionale, duke filluar nga rritja e presionit ekonomik deri te p\u00ebrhapja e propagand\u00ebs. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen i ri. P\u00ebr shekuj me radh\u00eb, vendet kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur mjete joushtarake p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndikuar n\u00eb opinionin publik jasht\u00eb vendit.<\/span><\/p>\n Por gjat\u00eb dy dekadave t\u00eb fundit, rritja e internetit dhe rrjeteve sociale u ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb atyre nj\u00eb arsenal krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ri arm\u00ebsh n\u00eb internet: n\u00eb ato q\u00eb njihen si operacione “hack-and-leak”, haker\u00ebt fitojn\u00eb akses n\u00eb informacione t\u00eb ndjeshme ose konfidenciale dhe m\u00eb pas e l\u00ebshojn\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb strategjike p\u00ebr publikun. Sulmet kibernetike mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren gjithashtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb rr\u00ebzuar infrastruktur\u00ebn kritike t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb makinat dhe softuerin e p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb zgjedhje. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, platformat e mediave sociale p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapur informacione t\u00eb fabrikuara ose t\u00eb gabuara. “Bota digjitale \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00ebnd\u00ebrr e realizuar p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet e inteligjenc\u00ebs\u201d, tha von Fritsch p\u00ebr DW.<\/span><\/p>\n Si funksionon kjo luft\u00eb?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Lufta hibride shpesh p\u00ebrshkruhet si nj\u00eb form\u00eb e “luft\u00ebs hije” q\u00eb zhvillohet jasht\u00eb syve t\u00eb publikut dhe nuk shpallet kurr\u00eb zyrtarisht. “Koncepti i luft\u00ebs hibride \u00ebsht\u00eb se n\u00eb fillim nuk e v\u00ebreni se po ndodh,” tha p\u00ebr DW, Leslie Sch\u00fcbel, nj\u00eb eksperte p\u00ebr Rusin\u00eb n\u00eb Fondacionin K\u00f6rber me qend\u00ebr n\u00eb Hamburg.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb janar, qeveria gjermane tha se kishte zbuluar nj\u00eb fushat\u00eb t\u00eb koordinuar disinformimi rus n\u00eb Platform\u00ebn X, dikur Twitter. Gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj fushate jan\u00eb shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb milion mesazhe p\u00ebrmes profileve t\u00eb rreme, duke nxitur histori t\u00eb rreme ose mashtruese, t\u00eb tilla si ajo, se ndihma p\u00ebr Ukrain\u00ebn e shkat\u00ebrruar nga lufta po neglizhonte nevojat e qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Duke p\u00ebrhapur mesazhe t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh platformash online, Rusia d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb realizoj\u00eb synimet e saja dhe t\u00eb nxis\u00eb nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb legjitimiteti rus. Q\u00ebllimi, thon\u00eb ekspert\u00ebt, \u00ebsht\u00eb thellimi i p\u00ebr\u00e7arjeve n\u00eb rrjetet sociale, nxitja e zem\u00ebrimit dhe mbjellja e mosbesimit n\u00eb proceset demokratike dhe mediat. “P\u00ebr Rusin\u00eb, p\u00ebrhapja e dyshimit \u00ebsht\u00eb tashm\u00eb nj\u00eb sukses,” thot\u00eb Sch\u00fcbel.<\/span><\/p>\n Efektet e fushat\u00ebs<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrsa shumica e formave t\u00eb luft\u00ebs hibride mbeten n\u00eb hije, disa operacione b\u00ebhen publike q\u00ebllimisht. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb marsit, kreu i televizionit shtet\u00ebror rus RT publikoi nj\u00eb bised\u00eb konfidenciale midis zyrtar\u00ebve t\u00eb lart\u00eb ushtarak\u00eb gjerman\u00eb. Afera turp\u00ebroi ushtrin\u00eb gjermane dhe shkaktoi buj\u00eb diplomatike. “Por kjo \u00e7\u00ebshtje i sh\u00ebrben edhe Putinit,” thot\u00eb Maria Sannikova-Franck, e cila drejton programin e Rusis\u00eb n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn e mendimit t\u00eb Berlinit, Zentrum Liberale Moderne.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb nj\u00eb bised\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjuar mes oficer\u00ebve gjerman\u00eb, zyrtar\u00ebt mund t\u00eb d\u00ebgjoheshin duke diskutuar skenar\u00eb t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb nj\u00eb lufte n\u00eb Ukrain\u00eb. Pas publikimit t\u00eb bised\u00ebs, media ruse pretendoi se kaseta zbuloi se ushtria gjermane kishte diskutuar plane t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe specifike p\u00ebr t\u00eb sulmuar territorin rus.<\/span><\/p>\n “Imazhi q\u00eb ai (Putini) d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb se Gjermania dhe Per\u00ebndimi k\u00ebrc\u00ebnojn\u00eb Rusin\u00eb dhe se ai e ka zbuluar me sukses k\u00ebt\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim\u201d, tha Sannikova-Franck p\u00ebr DW. “Ajo largoi me sukses edhe v\u00ebmendjen nga vdekja dhe varrimi i liderit opozitar Alexei Navalny,”<\/span><\/i> thot\u00eb Sannikova-Franck.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n Navalny, i cili ishte nj\u00eb nga kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb hapur t\u00eb Putinit n\u00eb Rusi, vdiq n\u00eb mes t\u00eb shkurtit n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 47-vje\u00e7are n\u00eb nj\u00eb burg. Ai u varros m\u00eb 1 mars, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn dit\u00eb kur u publikua biseda e p\u00ebrgjuar e oficer\u00ebve gjerman\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Si t\u00eb luftoni kund\u00ebr luft\u00ebs hibride<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebrballimi i luft\u00ebs hibride k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb qasje t\u00eb shum\u00ebanshme, bien dakord ekspert\u00ebt. Vendet duhet t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb q\u00eb infrastruktura e tyre kritike, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb teknologjin\u00eb e votimit, t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mbrojtur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb adekuate kund\u00ebr sulmeve kibernetike. Ekspert\u00ebt n\u00ebnvizojn\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e informimit t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve p\u00ebr taktikat e dezinformimit dhe se si \u00e7do informacion q\u00eb ata hasin n\u00eb internet mund t\u00eb dizajnohet q\u00ebllimisht p\u00ebr t’i mashtruar dhe manipuluar ata.<\/span><\/p>\n “\u00cbsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb zbulohen mekanizmat e k\u00ebsaj propagande \u2013 si funksionon, si ndikon tek ne, si ndikon n\u00eb opinionin\u201d,<\/span><\/i> thot\u00eb Sannikova-Franck.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n![\"Anonymous](\"https:\/\/static.dw.com\/image\/61056965_906.jpg\")
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