{"id":659116,"date":"2024-03-06T10:44:47","date_gmt":"2024-03-06T09:44:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=659116"},"modified":"2024-03-06T10:46:57","modified_gmt":"2024-03-06T09:46:57","slug":"lufta-kibernetike-arma-qe-po-formeson-konfliktet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2024\/03\/06\/lufta-kibernetike-arma-qe-po-formeson-konfliktet\/","title":{"rendered":"Lufta kibernetike, arma q\u00eb po form\u00ebson konfliktet","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa interneti lidh m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz, biznese, qeveri dhe sisteme ushtarake, ai gjithashtu b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb port\u00eb p\u00ebr sulmet kibernetike. Infrastrukturat komb\u00ebtare, sistemet qeveritare dhe institucionet financiare, t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb lidhura me rrjete, jan\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Numri n\u00eb rritje i vektor\u00ebve t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb sulmeve kibernetike do thot\u00eb q\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt e zakonsh\u00ebm mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen gjithashtu n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kibernetike ose mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen objektiva.<\/span><\/p>\n

Strategu i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb luft\u00ebs i shekullit t\u00eb 19-t\u00eb, Carl von Clauswitz, e p\u00ebrkufizoi luft\u00ebn si “nj\u00eb akt force p\u00ebr t\u00eb detyruar armikun ton\u00eb t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb vullnetin ton\u00eb”. Kjo perspektiv\u00eb gjithashtu e sheh luft\u00ebn si nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje t\u00eb drejtuar nga shteti p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur objektivat politike.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb teoris\u00eb s\u00eb Clausewitz-it \u00ebsht\u00eb “trini e luft\u00ebs”: populli, ushtria dhe qeveria. Historikisht, kjo trini vepronte n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn fizike, kryesisht n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet forc\u00ebs fizike – nj\u00eb karakteristik\u00eb e epok\u00ebs industriale. Clausewitz argumentoi se, nd\u00ebrsa natyra e luft\u00ebs mbetet konstante, manifestimi i saj ndryshon me kalimin e koh\u00ebs me p\u00ebrparimet n\u00eb teknologji.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb kalimin n\u00eb epok\u00ebn e informacionit, parimet e trinis\u00eb s\u00eb luft\u00ebs t\u00eb Clausewitz-it mbeten t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, por fusha e betej\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb transformuar. Lufta kibernetike tani p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb fush\u00eb t\u00eb re ku forcat fizike z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen nga informacioni dhe mjetet dixhitale. Kjo form\u00eb e luft\u00ebs ndikon n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha aspektet e trinis\u00eb – njer\u00ebzit, ushtria dhe qeveria – pothuajse menj\u00ebher\u00eb, dhe shpesh me shtrirje globale.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rritja e luft\u00ebs kibernetike ilustron besimin e Clausewitz-it se, nd\u00ebrsa natyra e luft\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb e pandryshueshme, metodat dhe arenat e luft\u00ebs vijon\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sot, lufta kibernetike synon t\u00eb arrij\u00eb objektivat politike dhe strategjike p\u00ebrmes hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs kibernetike, duke e shtrir\u00eb fush\u00ebn e betej\u00ebs p\u00ebrtej hap\u00ebsirave fizike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lufta kibernetike mjegullon linjat tradicionale midis luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve dhe jo-luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve, pasi civil\u00ebt – me d\u00ebshir\u00eb ose pa dashje – b\u00ebhen pjes\u00eb e konflikteve kibernetike. Rusia gjithashtu p\u00ebrdor krimin e organizuar p\u00ebr operacione kibernetike kund\u00ebr Per\u00ebndimit.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, kishte nj\u00eb dallim t\u00eb qart\u00eb midis civil\u00ebve dhe ushtar\u00ebve, shpesh t\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar me uniforma. Civil\u00ebt zakonisht ishin larg fush\u00ebs s\u00eb betej\u00ebs, e cila kishte kufij t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb konfliktet moderne, ky dallim \u00ebsht\u00eb zbehur. Armiqt\u00eb e sot\u00ebm shpesh p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb aktor\u00eb joshtet\u00ebror\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrzihen me civil\u00ebt, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dallimin e tyre, dhe koncepti i nj\u00eb fush\u00ebbeteje specifike \u00ebsht\u00eb zhdukur. Aksionet ushtarake tani mund t\u00eb ndodhin kudo.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

<\/span> Majtas Gjenerali prusian Carl von Clausewitz, djathtas presidenti rus Putin<\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Normat kibernetike dhe marr\u00ebveshjet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa interneti nd\u00ebrlidh m\u00eb shum\u00eb aspekte t\u00eb jet\u00ebs son\u00eb, ai hap arena t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn e shteteve-kombe, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme vendosjen e normave dhe marr\u00ebveshjeve kibernetike nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kalimi nga fushat tradicionale t\u00eb betej\u00ebs n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kibernetike k\u00ebrkon nj\u00eb rivler\u00ebsim t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs sesi ligji nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar dhe strategjit\u00eb e koh\u00ebs s\u00eb luft\u00ebs zbatohen n\u00eb domenin dixhital p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshirjes n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb civil\u00ebve n\u00eb konfliktet kibernetike dhe mjegullimit t\u00eb linjave midis luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve dhe joluft\u00ebtar\u00ebve.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nisma t\u00eb tilla si Manuali i Talinit dhe Normat Kibernetike t\u00eb Kryqit t\u00eb Kuq jan\u00eb shfaqur si p\u00ebrpjekje kritike p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatur kuadrin ligjor ekzistues me t\u00eb v\u00ebrteta e luft\u00ebs kibernetike, duke synuar zbutjen e ndikimit te civil\u00ebt dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsie dhe kufizimi n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn kibernetike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebveshja e Talinit rrjedh nga puna e b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb Manualin e Talinit, nj\u00eb udh\u00ebzues me ndikim se si zbatohet ligji nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr luft\u00ebn kibernetike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manuali i Talinit, i nisur nga Qendra e Ekselenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr Mbrojtjen Kibernetike t\u00eb NATO-s (CCDCOE) n\u00eb Estoni, u zhvillua nga nj\u00eb grup nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar studiuesish dhe praktikuesish ligjor\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb burim me ndikim p\u00ebr studiuesit dhe politik\u00ebb\u00ebr\u00ebsit p\u00ebr t’u p\u00ebrdorur si nj\u00eb korniz\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar luft\u00ebn kibernetike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Marr\u00ebveshja e Talinit u krijua pas sulmit t\u00eb par\u00eb kibernetik t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, kund\u00ebr Estonis\u00eb n\u00eb 2007. Procesi filloi n\u00eb vitin 2009 kur CCDCOE i NATO-s njohu r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb rritje dhe sfidat unike t\u00eb operacioneve kibernetike n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe nisi nj\u00eb projekt p\u00ebr t\u00eb qart\u00ebsuar peizazhin ligjor.<\/span><\/p>\n

Domosdoshm\u00ebria p\u00ebr nj\u00eb manual t\u00eb till\u00eb u b\u00eb e qart\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb operacioneve kibernetike q\u00eb potencialisht kaluan kufirin n\u00eb konflikte e armatosura, ose t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn kishin nd\u00ebrlikime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ligjore nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manuali trajton shum\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb sovranitetin, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore, zbatueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e ligjit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar humanitar n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00ebn kibernetike dhe kryerjen e armiq\u00ebsive.<\/span><\/p>\n

Versioni i par\u00eb, i njohur si Tallinn Manual 1.0, u botua n\u00eb vitin 2013 dhe u p\u00ebrqendrua ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb format m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda t\u00eb operacioneve kibernetike – ato q\u00eb do konsideroheshin t\u00eb barasvlershme me sulmet e armatosura sipas ligjit nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar dhe ligjeve t\u00eb konfliktit t\u00eb armatosur.<\/span><\/p>\n

Manuali i Talinit 2.0, i botuar n\u00eb vitin 2017, e zgjeroi k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb operacionesh kibernetike, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht ato q\u00eb ndodhin jasht\u00eb kontekstit t\u00eb konfliktit t\u00eb armatosur. Kjo p\u00ebrfshinte konsideratat e sovranitetit, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb shtet\u00ebrore dhe t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut.<\/span><\/p>\n

Normat Kibernetike t\u00eb Kryqit t\u00eb Kuq<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Komiteti Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar i Kryqit t\u00eb Kuq (KNKK) ka mbrojtur zbatimin e ligjit ekzistues humanitar nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar n\u00eb luft\u00ebn kibernetike, duke theksuar ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur civil\u00ebt dhe infrastruktur\u00ebn civile.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb tem\u00eb q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb luft\u00ebn ruso-ukrainase ka qen\u00eb rritja e civil\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb luft\u00eb dixhitale. Disa nga k\u00ebta civil\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb mitur, gj\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikojn\u00eb klasifikimin e tyre si luft\u00ebtar\u00eb armik n\u00eb fush\u00ebn kibernetike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Normat Kibernetike t\u00eb Kryqit t\u00eb Kuq k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u00eb sqarojn\u00eb se si parimet si dallimi, proporcionaliteti dhe domosdoshm\u00ebria zbatohen n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn dixhitale – ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht duke pasur parasysh potencialin p\u00ebr d\u00ebmtime t\u00eb konsiderueshme civile p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb operacioneve kibernetike q\u00eb synojn\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn kritike si spitalet, rrjetet e energjis\u00eb dhe sistemet e ujit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ashtu si Manuali i Talinit, q\u00ebndrimet e KNKK-s\u00eb mbi operacionet kibernetike jan\u00eb interpretuese. Ato jan\u00eb k\u00ebshilluese dhe jo detyruese. Ato nuk krijojn\u00eb detyrime t\u00eb reja ligjore, por synojn\u00eb t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb tek shtetet dhe aktor\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb marrin parasysh parimet humanitare kur p\u00ebrfshihen n\u00eb luft\u00eb kibernetike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa vende t\u00eb tilla si Rusia zgjeruan p\u00ebrpjekjet e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar nj\u00eb luft\u00eb kibernetike kund\u00ebr vendeve t\u00eb tjera, nevoja p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar norma dhe korniza nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare filloi t\u00eb merrte form\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, edhe kur k\u00ebto marr\u00ebveshje dhe korniza po krijoheshin, sulmet ruse kund\u00ebr Per\u00ebndimit dhe Ukrain\u00ebs u b\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb pacip\u00eb dhe shkat\u00ebrruese, me shum\u00eb nga sulmet e Rusis\u00eb n\u00eb vitet e fundit q\u00eb synonin infrastruktur\u00ebn kritike.<\/span><\/p>\n

*David Kirichenko \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb inxhinier sigurie ukrainas-amerikan dhe gazetar i pavarur. Q\u00eb nga pushtimi i plot\u00eb i Ukrain\u00ebs nga Rusia n\u00eb vitin 2022, ai ka marr\u00eb nj\u00eb rol aktivist civil.<\/span><\/p>\n

VINI RE<\/strong><\/span>: Ky material \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00ebsi intelektuale e Asia Times<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti p\u00ebr Hashtag.al,<\/span> Klodian Manjani<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nd\u00ebrsa interneti lidh m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz, biznese, qeveri dhe sisteme ushtarake, ai gjithashtu b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb port\u00eb p\u00ebr sulmet kibernetike. Infrastrukturat komb\u00ebtare, sistemet qeveritare dhe institucionet financiare, t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb lidhura me rrjete, jan\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik. Numri n\u00eb rritje i vektor\u00ebve t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm t\u00eb sulmeve kibernetike do thot\u00eb q\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt e zakonsh\u00ebm mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen gjithashtu […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":51,"featured_media":659117,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[53],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-659116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-fast-foodi"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/659116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=659116"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/659116\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/659117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=659116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=659116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=659116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}