{"id":657199,"date":"2024-02-27T08:46:19","date_gmt":"2024-02-27T07:46:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=657199"},"modified":"2024-02-27T08:46:19","modified_gmt":"2024-02-27T07:46:19","slug":"pse-shumica-e-gjermaneve-jetojne-ne-banesa-me-qira-arsyet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2024\/02\/27\/pse-shumica-e-gjermaneve-jetojne-ne-banesa-me-qira-arsyet\/","title":{"rendered":"Pse shumica e gjerman\u00ebve jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb banesa me qira (Arsyet)","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb pak se gjysma e gjerman\u00ebve jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi apo banesa q\u00eb i kan\u00eb bler\u00eb. Shumica jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb banesa me qira. Situata \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndryshme n\u00eb jug dhe lindje t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs. Pse ka kaq shum\u00eb dallime?<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 83 milion\u00eb vet\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb\u00a0Gjermani n\u00eb nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe prej 357.580 kilometra katror\u00eb. Prej tyre, m\u00eb pak se gjysma jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpit\u00eb dhe banesat e tyre. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb zyr\u00ebs evropiane t\u00eb statistikave Eurostat, n\u00eb vitin 2022, 47 p\u00ebr qind e familjeve gjermane jetonin n\u00eb banesat e tyre, nd\u00ebrsa pjesa tjet\u00ebr prej rreth 53 p\u00ebr qind jan\u00eb qiramarr\u00ebs, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e vendos Gjermanin\u00eb n\u00eb fundin e vendeve n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, n\u00ebse p\u00ebrjashtohet Zvicra.\u00a0Rumania, Sllovakia,\u00a0Kroacia, Hungaria dhe Mali i Zi kan\u00eb p\u00ebrqindjen m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb sa i p\u00ebrket pron\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme. N\u00eb k\u00ebto vende\u00a0m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 90 p\u00ebr qind e popullsis\u00eb jeton n\u00eb sht\u00ebpin\u00eb ose apartamentin e vet. Por pse dallimet jan\u00eb kaq t\u00eb m\u00ebdha?<\/span><\/p>\n

“Kazerma rezidenciale”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Gjermania ka nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje kaq t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb pron\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me Evrop\u00ebn Jugore dhe Lindore, kryesisht p\u00ebr arsye historike. Ato datojn\u00eb n\u00eb shekullin e 19-t\u00eb, koha pas Luft\u00ebs Franko-Prusiane dhe themelimit t\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Gjermane n\u00eb 1871. N\u00eb at\u00eb koh\u00eb, Gjermania u zhvillua nga nj\u00eb vend bujq\u00ebsor i von\u00eb feudal n\u00eb nj\u00eb komb industrial. E kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se njer\u00ebzit l\u00ebviznin nga fshatrat n\u00eb qytete p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur pun\u00eb atje. Prandaj, shum\u00eb apartamente t\u00eb lira duhej t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtoheshin shpejt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Midis 1880 dhe 1900, qendra t\u00eb m\u00ebdha industriale u ngrit\u00ebn n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb. Prej k\u00ebsaj kohe e ka origjin\u00ebn edhe termi “kazerma rezidenciale\u201d, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrim p\u00ebr standardin jasht\u00ebzakonisht spartan dhe ushtarak t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs q\u00eb mbizot\u00ebronte atje. Termi gjithashtu tregonte mjerimin e strehimit n\u00eb Perandorin\u00eb Gjermane, ku masat e m\u00ebdha n\u00eb qytete si Berlini ose n\u00eb rajonin e Ruhrit jetonin n\u00eb kushte katastrofike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, presioni n\u00eb tregun e banesave u rrit m\u00eb tej p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimit. Infrastruktura, sht\u00ebpi dhe banesa t\u00eb shumta u shkat\u00ebrruan. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, ne duhet t\u00eb shtojm\u00eb edhe miliona t\u00eb m\u00ebrguar nga pjes\u00ebt lindore t\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb, q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb i p\u00ebrkisnin Polonis\u00eb. Pothuajse 21 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz po k\u00ebrkonin nj\u00eb sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb re menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb luft\u00ebs, mungonin rreth 5.5 milion\u00eb apartamente.<\/span><\/p>\n

Miliona pa vendbanime pas Luft\u00ebs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Qeveria e re u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb krijonte shpejt nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb \u200b\u200bt\u00eb re jetese me ndihm\u00ebn e nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb masash dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb parandalonte rritjen tep\u00ebr t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb qirave p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb hap\u00ebsirave t\u00eb banimit.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye nd\u00ebrtimi i banesave u shpall prioritet absolut. “Nd\u00ebrtimi i banesave \u00ebsht\u00eb kushti m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb populli gjerman t\u00eb drejtohet drejt rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjes politike, ekonomike, por edhe etike dhe kulturore\u201d, tha n\u00eb shkurt 1950 kancelari i at\u00ebhersh\u00ebm Konrad Adenauer, duke folur p\u00ebr kriz\u00ebn e strehimit.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Nj\u00eb e kat\u00ebrta e banesave u shkat\u00ebrrua n\u00eb luft\u00eb,” thot\u00eb Konstantin Kolodilin nga Instituti Gjerman p\u00ebr K\u00ebrkime Ekonomike (DIW). N\u00eb disa qytete, shkalla e d\u00ebmtimit ishte duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb e lart\u00eb. Strehimi \u00ebsht\u00eb shpallur prioritet komb\u00ebtar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Bumi i banesave n\u00eb vitet pes\u00ebdhjet\u00eb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1950 u miratua i ashtuquajturi Ligji i par\u00eb p\u00ebr Strehimin. Si rezultat i k\u00ebtyre masave, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se pes\u00eb milion\u00eb apartamente t\u00eb reja u nd\u00ebrtuan n\u00eb vitet e pasluft\u00ebs. Mungesa e banesave ishte e madhe edhe n\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb Lindore. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb me Ligjin e par\u00eb p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e banesave n\u00eb Per\u00ebndim, u miratua edhe i ashtuquajturi Akti i Rind\u00ebrtimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur nd\u00ebrtimin e banesave. N\u00eb mesin e viteve 1950, ky ligj inkurajoi nd\u00ebrtimin e blloqeve t\u00eb apartamenteve t\u00eb stilit sovjetik, tipike p\u00ebr Evrop\u00ebn Lindore.<\/span><\/p>\n

“N\u00eb vitet 1950-1960 nd\u00ebrtoheshin kryesisht apartamente me qira n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi t\u00eb kooperativave t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit. Si rezultat, kishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb qiramarr\u00ebsve\u201d, shpjegon profesori G\u00fcnter Fornholz, i specializuar n\u00eb historin\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtimit. Q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb, norma e qiramarr\u00ebsit ka ndryshuar pak. Disa nd\u00ebrtesa u b\u00ebn\u00eb pron\u00eb e kompanive t\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme, por qiramarr\u00ebsit mbet\u00ebn n\u00eb apartamente.<\/span><\/p>\n

Treg i larmish\u00ebm i pronave me qira<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Michael Voigtlender i Institutit Ekonomik Gjerman (IW) tregon nj\u00eb arsye tjet\u00ebr pse m\u00eb pak se gjysma e t\u00eb gjitha familjeve gjermane jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpit\u00eb e tyre dhe pse shum\u00eb prej tyre jan\u00eb n\u00eb banesa sociale t\u00eb financuara nga shteti. “N\u00eb Gjermani, blerja e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb inkurajuar kurr\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm,” thot\u00eb ai.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tregu gjerman i banesave ka edhe specifika q\u00eb nuk bazohen vet\u00ebm n\u00eb histori. Oferta e pronave t\u00eb paluajtshme me qira \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e larmishme, thot\u00eb Voigtlender. “N\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera, n\u00eb fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00ebsh me qira sht\u00ebpi familjare apo apartamente t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe t\u00eb madh\u00ebsive s\u00eb nevojshme.\u201d P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, n\u00eb Gjermani, popullsia nuk jeton ekskluzivisht n\u00eb qytete t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, si p\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb Franc\u00eb. Popullsia n\u00eb Gjermani \u00ebsht\u00eb e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb relativisht mir\u00eb n\u00eb territorin e vendit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kostot e larta t\u00eb blerjes dhe nd\u00ebrtimit<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Dhe Fornholz beson se kushtet e mira mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb n\u00eb tregun e qirave t\u00eb apartamenteve. Mbrojtja e qiramarr\u00ebsve n\u00eb Gjermani \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht e lart\u00eb. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, kushtet p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur vet\u00eb n\u00eb pron\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb lehta. P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb rregullave t\u00eb ndryshme strikte t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit, kostot e nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb apartamenteve jan\u00eb relativisht t\u00eb larta, e kjo vlen edhe p\u00ebr kostot shtes\u00eb kur blini pasuri t\u00eb paluajtshme, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb taksa e shitjes s\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme, e cila tani n\u00eb Gjermani arrin deri n\u00eb 6.5 p\u00ebr qind.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr krahasim, taksa e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme n\u00eb SHBA \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm 0.3 p\u00ebr qind. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, noter\u00ebt publik\u00eb dhe agjent\u00ebt e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme jan\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjt\u00eb n\u00eb Gjermani. Voigtlender gjithashtu i konsideron kostot shoq\u00ebruese kur blini nj\u00eb pron\u00eb n\u00eb Gjermani “nj\u00eb penges\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb madhe”. “Vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr k\u00ebto kosto duhet t\u00eb jepen rreth dhjet\u00eb deri n\u00eb dymb\u00ebdhjet\u00eb p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb \u00e7mimit t\u00eb blerjes\u201d, thot\u00eb eksperti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shum\u00eb prej tyre nuk kan\u00eb akses n\u00eb tregun e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme, sepse, sipas statistikave, vet\u00ebm rreth 15 p\u00ebr qind e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb qiramarr\u00ebsve kan\u00eb kursime prej rreth 60.000 euro. Shpenzimet shoq\u00ebruese nuk mbulohen nga banka me kredi, por klient\u00ebt duhet ta sigurojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tregu i balancuar i pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme n\u00eb Gjermani<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrqindja e pron\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit varet nga rajoni n\u00eb Gjermani. \u00cbsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht i ul\u00ebt n\u00eb qytetet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha gjermane: n\u00eb Berlin, m\u00eb pak se 14 p\u00ebr qind. Ngjash\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb Frankfurt, Hamburg, K\u00ebln apo Mynih. N\u00eb zonat rurale, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi t\u00eb tyre, pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysma. P\u00ebrqindja m\u00eb e lart\u00eb e pron\u00ebsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb Baden-W\u00fcrttemberg dhe Saksonia e Ul\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nga k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrimi i ekonomistit Kolodilin, fakti q\u00eb ka relativisht pak pronar\u00eb pronash n\u00eb Gjermani nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebrisht nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e keqe. Jasht\u00eb vendit, gjerman\u00ebt e kan\u00eb zili tregun ende cil\u00ebsor t\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb disa vende, m\u00ebnyra e vetme p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar n\u00eb zonat urbane \u00ebsht\u00eb blerja e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme. N\u00ebse nuk mund ta bleni, do t’ju duhet t\u00eb shkurtoni shpenzimet e tjera ose t\u00eb udh\u00ebtoni larg p\u00ebr n\u00eb pun\u00eb. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, \u00e7mimet po rriten gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb, gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk i kontribuon me \u00e7do kusht stabilitetit t\u00eb tregut\u201d, p\u00ebrfundon eksperti.<\/span><\/p>\n

VINI RE:<\/span> Artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00eb intelektuale e DW<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u00eb pak se gjysma e gjerman\u00ebve jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi apo banesa q\u00eb i kan\u00eb bler\u00eb. Shumica jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb banesa me qira. Situata \u00ebsht\u00eb e ndryshme n\u00eb jug dhe lindje t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs. Pse ka kaq shum\u00eb dallime? M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 83 milion\u00eb vet\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb\u00a0Gjermani n\u00eb nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqe prej 357.580 kilometra katror\u00eb. Prej tyre, m\u00eb pak […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":32,"featured_media":657200,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-657199","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nderkombetare","category-te-fundit"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657199","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=657199"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/657199\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/657200"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=657199"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=657199"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=657199"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}