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Nj\u00eb ekip nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar i udh\u00ebhequr nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt n\u00eb Universitetin e Stanfordit ka zbuluar nj\u00eb shpjegim t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr nj\u00eb mister biologjik dhjet\u00ebvje\u00e7ar: pse shum\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gra sesa burra vuajn\u00eb nga s\u00ebmundje autoimune si lupusi dhe artriti reumatoid.<\/span><\/p>\n Grat\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb rreth 80 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb prekur nga s\u00ebmundje autoimune, nj\u00eb koleksion prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100 s\u00ebmundjesh q\u00eb r\u00ebndojn\u00eb mbi 50 milion\u00eb amerikan\u00eb. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta, k\u00ebto s\u00ebmundje manipulojn\u00eb sistemin imunitar t\u00eb trupit p\u00ebr t\u00eb sulmuar indet e sh\u00ebndetshme.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb nj\u00eb punim t\u00eb botuar t\u00eb enjten n\u00eb revist\u00ebn Cell, studiuesit paraqesin prova t\u00eb reja se nj\u00eb molekul\u00eb e quajtur Xist – e shqiptuar si fjala \u201cekzistoj\u201d dhe gjendet vet\u00ebm tek femrat – \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shkaktar kryesor i k\u00ebtyre s\u00ebmundjeve.<\/span><\/p>\n Kuptimi m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i k\u00ebsaj molekule mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb prova t\u00eb reja q\u00eb kapin s\u00ebmundjet autoimune m\u00eb shpejt dhe n\u00eb afat m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, n\u00eb trajtime t\u00eb reja dhe m\u00eb efektive, than\u00eb studiuesit.<\/span><\/p>\n Grat\u00eb zakonisht kan\u00eb dy kromozome X, nd\u00ebrsa burrat zakonisht kan\u00eb nj\u00eb X dhe nj\u00eb Y. Kromozomet jan\u00eb tufa t\u00eb ngushta t\u00eb materialit gjenetik q\u00eb mbajn\u00eb udh\u00ebzime p\u00ebr prodhimin e proteinave. Xist luan nj\u00eb rol vendimtar duke inaktivizuar nj\u00eb nga kromozomet X tek grat\u00eb, duke shmangur at\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrndryshe do ishte nj\u00eb mbiprodhim katastrofik i proteinave.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, ekipi hulumtues zbuloi se n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces Xist prodhon gjithashtu komplekse molekulare t\u00eb \u00e7uditshme t\u00eb lidhura me shum\u00eb s\u00ebmundje autoimune.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjith\u00ebse shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kryen pjes\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb pun\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre te minjt\u00eb, ata b\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb zbulim intrigues duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb pacient\u00eb njer\u00ebzor\u00eb: Komplekset Xist – fijet e gjata t\u00eb ARN-s\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurura me ADN dhe proteina – shkaktojn\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje kimike te njer\u00ebzit, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb dalluese e s\u00ebmundjeve autoimune.<\/span><\/p>\n Zbulimi i rolit t\u00eb luajtur nga molekula Xist nuk shpjegon se si meshkujt i marrin k\u00ebto s\u00ebmundje, ose pse disa s\u00ebmundje autoimune, si diabeti i tipit 1, kan\u00eb nj\u00eb incidenc\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb tek meshkujt.<\/span><\/p>\n “\u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se duhet t\u00eb ket\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se kaq, sepse nj\u00eb e dhjeta e pacient\u00ebve me lupus jan\u00eb burra,”<\/em> tha David Karp, shefi i divizionit t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve reumatike n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn Mjek\u00ebsore UT Jugper\u00ebndimore n\u00eb Dallas.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cPra, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjja e vetme, por \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb shum\u00eb interesante e enigm\u00ebs.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb histori e dy X-ve<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n S\u00ebmundjet autoimune kan\u00eb qen\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t’u trajtuar. Trajtimet jan\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara dhe shum\u00eb nga s\u00ebmundjet jan\u00eb kronike, q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb trajtim gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs. Shumica nuk kan\u00eb sh\u00ebrim, duke l\u00ebn\u00eb miliona amerikan\u00eb t\u00eb shpresojn\u00eb se shkenca p\u00ebrfundimisht do ofroj\u00eb shpjegime m\u00eb t\u00eb mira p\u00ebr k\u00ebto s\u00ebmundje.<\/span><\/p>\n Stephanie Buxhoeveden ishte 25 vje\u00e7 kur filloi t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetonte probleme me shikimin n\u00eb syrin e saj t\u00eb majt\u00eb dhe e gjeti veten t\u00eb paaft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur nj\u00eb shiring\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00ebn e saj t\u00eb majt\u00eb – nj\u00eb mjet i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn e saj si infermiere. Arsyeja: skleroza e shum\u00ebfisht\u00eb, nj\u00eb gjendje autoimune n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn sistemi imunitar sulmon mbules\u00ebn mbrojt\u00ebse t\u00eb trurit, palc\u00ebs kurrizore dhe nervave optike.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cIsha e tronditur dhe e frik\u00ebsuar sepse e dija q\u00eb nuk kishte sh\u00ebrim\u201d<\/em>, tha banorja e Virxhinias.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cT\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto gj\u00ebra p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat kisha b\u00ebr\u00eb plane, studiuar e punuar me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb shum\u00eb papritmas shp\u00ebrthyen n\u00eb qiell t\u00eb past\u00ebr dhe nuk ishin m\u00eb t\u00eb garantuara.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Teorit\u00eb e m\u00ebparshme kishin sugjeruar se \u00e7ekuilibri gjinor n\u00eb k\u00ebto s\u00ebmundje mund t\u00eb shkaktohet nga hormonet kryesore fem\u00ebrore, estrogjeni dhe progesteroni, ose thjesht nga prania e nj\u00eb kromozomi t\u00eb dyt\u00eb X.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb e dh\u00ebn\u00eb josh\u00ebse erdhi nga burrat q\u00eb kan\u00eb dy kromozome X dhe nj\u00eb kromozom Y, nj\u00eb gjendje e rrall\u00eb e quajtur sindroma Klinefelter. K\u00ebta burra kan\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vuajtur nga s\u00ebmundje autoimune, duke sugjeruar se numri i kromozomeve X luan nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm.<\/span><\/p>\n Ho\u00ebard Y. Chang, autor i vjet\u00ebr n\u00eb gazet\u00ebn Cell dhe profesor i dermatologjis\u00eb dhe gjenetik\u00ebs n\u00eb Stanford, tha se filloi t\u00eb mendonte p\u00ebr idet\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7uan n\u00eb zbulimin e ri kur ai identifikoi m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 100 proteina q\u00eb lidhen drejtp\u00ebrdrejt me Xist ose me proteina t\u00eb tjera q\u00eb lidhen me Xisti-n. Duke par\u00eb ato proteina bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtore, ai vuri re se shum\u00eb prej tyre ishin t\u00eb lidhura me s\u00ebmundjet autoimune.<\/span><\/p>\n Chang dhe ekipi i tij projektuan minj meshkuj q\u00eb prodhuan Xist p\u00ebr t\u00eb testuar n\u00ebse meshkujt q\u00eb prodhonin molekul\u00ebn do kishin gjithashtu shkall\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve autoimune.<\/span><\/p>\n Meqen\u00ebse Xist n\u00eb vetvete nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i mjaftuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkaktuar nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje autoimune, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn nj\u00eb nxit\u00ebs mjedisor p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb ngjashme me lupusin tek k\u00ebta minj. Ata vun\u00eb re se minjt\u00eb meshkuj m\u00eb pas prodhuan Xist n\u00eb nivele af\u00ebr atyre t\u00eb minjve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm femra dhe shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se ato t\u00eb minjve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm meshkuj.<\/span><\/p>\n Tek njer\u00ebzit, faktor\u00ebt gjenetik\u00eb dhe mjedisor\u00eb, t\u00eb till\u00eb si nj\u00eb infeksion viral ose bakterial, mund t\u00eb ndihmojn\u00eb gjithashtu n\u00eb nxitjen e s\u00ebmundjeve autoimune.<\/span><\/p>\n Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt mor\u00ebn serume nga pacient\u00eb njer\u00ebzor\u00eb me dermatomiozit, nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje e rrall\u00eb autoimune q\u00eb shkakton dob\u00ebsi t\u00eb muskujve dhe skuqje t\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebs. Serumi \u00ebsht\u00eb pjesa e gjakut q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban antitrupa q\u00eb luftojn\u00eb s\u00ebmundjet. <\/span><\/p>\n Ata zbuluan se n\u00eb k\u00ebta pacient\u00eb, komplekset Xist prodhojn\u00eb ato q\u00eb quhen autoantitrupa. N\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb mbroj\u00eb trupin nga pushtuesit, si\u00e7 do b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb antitrup, autoantitrupi synon ve\u00e7orit\u00eb e trupit.<\/span><\/p>\n CCaktivizimi i kromozomit t\u00eb dyt\u00eb X mbetet nj\u00eb proces i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm “t\u00eb cilin nuk d\u00ebshiron domosdoshm\u00ebrisht ta heq\u00ebsh apo ta ngacmosh shum\u00eb”, tha Karp nga UT South\u00ebestern.<\/span><\/p>\n “Por kjo pun\u00eb e trajton at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim krejt\u00ebsisht tjet\u00ebr dhe thot\u00eb se mekanizmi q\u00eb nevojitet p\u00ebr t\u00eb fikur kromozomin e dyt\u00eb X, ai mekaniz\u00ebm n\u00eb vetvete mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr prodhimin e autoimunitetit,”<\/em> tha Karp.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb kuptim m\u00eb i mir\u00eb i mekanizmave n\u00eb k\u00ebto s\u00ebmundje do ishte i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00ebse studiuesit mund ta p\u00ebrdorin at\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb zhvilluar mjete t\u00eb reja diagnostikuese, shtoi ai: \u201cNe jemi ende duke p\u00ebrdorur teste laboratorike q\u00eb u zhvilluan n\u00eb vitet 1940 dhe 1950 dhe 1960, sepse ato ishin t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr t’u b\u00ebr\u00eb dhe ata zbuluan p\u00ebrgjigjet m\u00eb t\u00eb forta autoimune.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb e gjat\u00eb drejt trajtimeve t\u00eb reja<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Jeffrey A. Sparks, nj\u00eb mjek i asociuar dhe drejtor i imunoonkologjis\u00eb dhe autoimunitetit n\u00eb spitalin \u201cBrigham and Women\u201d, i cili nuk ishte i p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb studim, tha se do jet\u00eb interesante t\u00eb shihet se si mund\u00ebsit\u00eb e trajtimit q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb disponueshme tani, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtaten n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm t\u00eb ri.<\/span><\/p>\n “K\u00ebtu nuk ka kufij”<\/em> tha Sparks, duke shtuar, “Un\u00eb mendoj se sapo t\u00eb kuptohen mekanizmat themelor\u00eb, mund t\u00eb mendohet p\u00ebr zhvillimin e terapive, zbulimin e hersh\u00ebm dhe parandalimin.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebrparime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb trajtim mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb vite larg, sipas Keith B. Elkon, nj\u00eb profesor ndihm\u00ebs i imunologjis\u00eb dhe drejtor i asociuar n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn p\u00ebr Imunitetin e Lindur dhe S\u00ebmundjet Imune n\u00eb Universitetin e Uashingtonit.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, tha ai, zbulimet shkencore n\u00eb 20 vitet e fundit kan\u00eb zgjatur jet\u00ebn e shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzve me gjendje autoimune.<\/span><\/p>\n “N\u00eb vitin 1950, n\u00ebse do kishit nj\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb t\u00eb lupusit, do ishte po aq e keqe sa diagnoza e kancerit,”<\/em> tha Elkon.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cPor gjat\u00eb 15, 20 viteve t\u00eb fundit ka pasur p\u00ebrparime v\u00ebrtet t\u00eb habitshme n\u00eb kuptimin e s\u00ebmundjes. Tani \u00ebsht\u00eb arritur kulmin i menaxhimit t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Buxhoeveden, e cila tani \u00ebsht\u00eb 36 vje\u00e7 dhe kandidate p\u00ebr Doktoratur\u00eb n\u00eb Infermieri, po p\u00ebrdor imunosupresues p\u00ebr t\u00eb menaxhuar s\u00ebmundjen e saj. Ajo tha se ishte e inkurajuar nga fakti se “\u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrparim si studimi i fundit p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar m\u00eb mir\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb e shkakton at\u00eb”.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/imrs-ezgif.com-avif-to-jpg-converter.jpg\")
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