{"id":650392,"date":"2024-01-30T14:32:20","date_gmt":"2024-01-30T13:32:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=650392"},"modified":"2024-01-30T14:33:58","modified_gmt":"2024-01-30T13:33:58","slug":"spak-dhe-pergjegjesite-mbi-politikat-publike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2024\/01\/30\/spak-dhe-pergjegjesite-mbi-politikat-publike\/","title":{"rendered":"SPAK dhe P\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit\u00eb mbi Politikat Publike","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Nga Enklid Milaj<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cJam i preokupuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar kushtet q\u00eb vendi t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb qeverisje p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb ka p\u00ebrpara dhe gjej p\u00ebrpara nj\u00eb Mariolo q\u00eb hedh hije (negative) mbi imazhin e nj\u00eb partie t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb\u201d. <\/em>K\u00ebshtu do t\u00eb shprehej publikisht Bettino Craxi, ish-kryeminist\u00ebr socialist i Italis\u00eb, p\u00ebr Mario Chiesa-n, ish-\u2018golden boy\u2019 i Partis\u00eb Socialiste milaneze, pasi ky i fundit u zu me duar n\u00eb thes n\u00eb shkurt t\u00eb vitit 1992.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb zgjedhjet e prillit t\u00eb vitit 1992, Partia Socialiste n\u00eb Itali mori vet\u00ebm 13% t\u00eb votave. Pak a shum\u00eb aq sa kishte marr\u00eb edhe m\u00eb par\u00eb. Kurse Demokracia Kristiane 29%, me nj\u00eb ulje prej vet\u00ebm 5%. N\u00eb dhjetor t\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtit vit, prokuror\u00ebt e Milanos njoftuan Craxi-n t\u00eb paraqitej n\u00eb prokurori i shoq\u00ebruar nga nj\u00eb avokat. Ky ishte vet\u00ebm fillimi. Pjesa tjet\u00ebr e rr\u00ebfimit \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e historis\u00eb politike bashkohore italiane.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prokuror\u00ebt n\u00eb grupin e p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb hetim, fillimisht, u konsideruan si heronj. Edhe Corriere dello Sport do t\u00eb shpallte me shkronja t\u00eb m\u00ebdha prokurorin, Antonio Di Pietro si \u201cSportistin e Vitit\u201d. Nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb qend\u00ebr t\u00eb Milanos, n\u00eb Corso Buenos Aires, u shkrua me drita \u201cKrishtlindje t\u00eb mbara Di Pietro\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fund t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj val\u00eb hetimesh dhe procesesh gjyq\u00ebsore, raportet politike n\u00eb Itali u p\u00ebrmbys\u00ebn. Korrupsioni nuk u zhduk, por fenomeni i \u201cfinancimit ilegal t\u00eb partive\u201d u ridimensionua duke u sofistikuar. 3,200 persona u d\u00ebrguan p\u00ebr gjykim. 1,281 persona u d\u00ebnuan. 498 persona u shpall\u00ebn t\u00eb pafajsh\u00ebm. Pjesa tjet\u00ebr u parashkrua.<\/span><\/p>\n

Di Pietro u b\u00eb objekt i disa hetimesh q\u00eb e detyruan t\u00eb jap\u00eb dor\u00ebheqjen, jo vet\u00ebm si prokuror, por m\u00eb pas edhe si minist\u00ebr. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb proceseve t\u00eb gjata gjyq\u00ebsore, u shpall plotesisht i pafajsh\u00ebm.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb elit\u00eb e re u shfaq n\u00eb jet\u00ebn politike t\u00eb atij vendi.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c7far\u00ebdo lloj paraleli i hequr midis k\u00ebsaj historie italiane dhe ngjarjeve t\u00eb nxehta t\u00eb ver\u00ebs shqiptare q\u00eb sapo kaluam, me protagonist SPAK-un, nuk do t\u00eb ishte korrekt. Kjo duke p\u00ebrmendur, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, vullnetin politik p\u00ebr krijimin e SPAK; kultur\u00ebn e varf\u00ebr t\u00eb shtetit ligjor n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri; munges\u00ebn e kushteve historike t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta (si ishte r\u00ebnia e Murit t\u00eb Berlinit, n\u00eb rastin e Italis\u00eb); mbik\u00ebqyrjen e rrept\u00eb apo, n\u00eb disa raste, edhe oportunizmin politik t\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtareve, etj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por le ta lem\u00eb SPAK-un t\u00eb ndjek\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e vet\u00eb me urimin se do t\u00eb vepronte pa frik\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb, m\u00eb pas i penalizuar dhe pa \u00ebndrr\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur m\u00eb pas p\u00ebrfitime.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, SPAK merret me aspektet penale dhe do t\u00eb shohim sa do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i aft\u00eb t\u00eb provoj\u00eb deri n\u00eb fund veprat penale t\u00eb kontestuara. Mbi t\u00eb gjitha, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia penale \u00ebsht\u00eb sigurisht individuale.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, mbetet p\u00ebr t\u2019u par\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia para elektoratit dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia politiko-administrative q\u00eb buron nga \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e shum\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura.<\/span><\/p>\n

-E para, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb sasiore, matet me rezultatet n\u00eb kutit\u00eb t\u00eb votimit. Shembulli i m\u00ebsip\u00ebrm i Italis\u00eb, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb afatshkurt\u00ebr, nuk l\u00eb vend p\u00ebr entuziaz\u00ebm. Po ashtu mjafton t\u00eb kujtojm\u00eb rastin e Nikola Gruevskit, kryeminist\u00ebr n\u00eb Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut fqinje nga 2006 \u2013 2016. Sa her\u00eb q\u00eb kishte akuza t\u00eb r\u00ebnda, aq her\u00eb shkonte n\u00eb zgjedhje (2006, 2008, 2012 e 2014) dhe fitonte, derisa e p\u00ebrmbysi skandali i madh i p\u00ebrgjimeve, si duket, i komanduar me regjizur\u00eb nga jasht\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

-E dyta ka nj\u00eb natyr\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajtur \u201cpara-politike\u201d ose, n\u00ebse e thjeshtojm\u00eb: \u201cadministrative\u201d. Ushtrimi i saj nuk mund t\u2019i k\u00ebrkohet SPAK-ut; por nuk mund t\u00eb mos ndikohet nga veprimet e k\u00ebtij t\u00eb fundit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi e atyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb zbatimin e politikave publike dhe si rrjedhim, mbajn\u00eb barr\u00ebn dhe timonin p\u00ebr administrimin e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve publike (res publicae).<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin konkret, n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, kjo p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me p\u00ebrqasjen ndaj dhe fatin e atyre kontratave koncesionare ekskluzive, t\u00eb \u00e7far\u00ebdolloj forme, q\u00eb jan\u00eb objekt i akuzave t\u00eb SPAK dhe q\u00eb i lejojn\u00eb privatit nj\u00eb marzh fitimi (sipas bilanceve formale t\u00eb depozituara n\u00eb QKB (Qendr\u00ebn Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Biznesit)) rreth 25-35%.<\/span><\/p>\n

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A duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb hap pas apo, n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb parimeve, duhet t\u00eb lejohen gropat thith\u00ebse t\u00eb fondeve publike?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, p\u00ebrqasja e racionale ndaj k\u00ebtyre fenomeneve ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb jo vet\u00ebm me nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb kostove dhe p\u00ebrfitimeve n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb skenar\u00ebve alternativ\u00eb, por edhe me zbatimin e parimeve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare (transnacionale) t\u00eb politikave publike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Julian Lew, themeluesi i Shkoll\u00ebs s\u00eb Arbitrazhit Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn p\u00ebr Studimet e Ligjit Tregtar (CCLS), pran\u00eb Queen Mary, University of London, s\u00eb bashku me Sir Roy Goode, nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr gjigand i ligjit tregtar, do t\u00eb shkruante se politikat publike \u201creflektojn\u00eb standardet themelore ekonomike, ligjore, morale, politike, fetare dhe sociale t\u00eb \u00e7do Shteti apo komuniteti nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar.\u201d \u201c(Ato) mbulojn\u00eb ato principe dhe standarde t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb t\u00eb shenjta (t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme) dhe respektimi i tyre duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb me \u00e7do kosto dhe pa p\u00ebrjashtime\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, politikat publike jan\u00eb pasqyra e vlerave tona sociale n\u00eb nivel komb\u00ebtar dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar. K\u00ebto vlera p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb vij\u00ebn e kuqe (t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar nga morali) q\u00eb nuk duhet shkelur n\u00ebse pretendojm\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqemi p\u00ebr nj\u00eb bot\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb. Madje, k\u00ebto vlera jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e Shteteve dhe individ\u00ebve q\u00eb nd\u00ebr veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb nivel nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar.<\/span><\/p>\n

A jan\u00eb marr\u00ebveshjet e p\u00ebrlyera me korrupsion ose abuzime p\u00ebrtej vij\u00ebs s\u00eb kuqe? A do t\u00eb ishte korrekte goditja ose rishikimi i tyre n\u00eb em\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00eb administrimit t\u00eb politikave publike?<\/span><\/p>\n

Patjet\u00ebr, ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur mendime t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb lidhje me \u00e7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur m\u00eb sip\u00ebr. Komenti kryesor ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me faktin q\u00eb politikat publike transnacionale duket se kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb me aspiratat e nj\u00eb sistemi juridik sesa me nj\u00eb sistem dispozitash t\u00eb detyrueshme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Madje ka nj\u00eb komision t\u00eb ngritur ad hoc nga International Law Association q\u00eb punon n\u00eb vijim\u00ebsi p\u00ebr elaborimin dhe strukturimin e konceptit t\u00eb \u201cpolitikave publike transnacionale\u201d. I nj\u00ebjti parim (i politikave publike transnacionale) \u00ebsht\u00eb njohur bot\u00ebrisht edhe n\u00eb parimet e Unidroit 2016 (Instituti Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr Unifikimin e t\u00eb Drejt\u00ebs Private)<\/span><\/p>\n

Por ka edhe vendime t\u00eb qarta arbitrazhi. Vlen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendet k\u00ebtu vendimi World Duty Free Company v Kenia (ICSID Case no. ARB\/00\/7, 4 Tetor 2006) ku mosmarr\u00ebveshjet me natyr\u00eb tregtare t\u00eb ngritura n\u00eb arbitrazhin nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar kishin si baz\u00eb nj\u00eb transaksion t\u00eb p\u00ebrlyer me korrupsion.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb rastin konkret, Gjykata e Arbitrazhit u shpreh se vendimet e gjykatave nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare bazohen n\u00eb vlera universale q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb edhe politikat publike transnacionale. Duke qen\u00eb se korrupsioni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shkelje flagrante e politikave publike transnacionale (pra, e vlerave nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare), Gjykata e Arbitrazhit hodhi posht\u00eb pretendimet e pal\u00ebs private t\u00eb ngritura n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb kontrate t\u00eb p\u00ebrlyer me korrupsion.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sa m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, nuk duhet marr\u00eb si k\u00ebshill\u00eb nxit\u00ebse p\u00ebr fillimin e aksionit p\u00ebr zgjidhjen e menj\u00ebhershme t\u00eb kontratave p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilat SPAK ka m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se dyshime t\u00eb arsyeshme p\u00ebr korrupsion. Por \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ftes\u00eb p\u00ebr reflektim p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn qeveris\u00ebse q\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00eb publikisht p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit\u00eb e saj p\u00ebr administrimin e k\u00ebtyre kontratave, pa u ndalur tek retorika e parimeve ose pa u fshehur pas alibive t\u00eb rrezikut q\u00eb vjen nga arbitrazhi nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar tregtar.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb pas, barra e pun\u00ebs dhe fjal\u00ebt e fundit duhet t\u2019i takojn\u00eb teknik\u00ebve me ekspertiz\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe pa konflikte t\u00eb interesave. Patjet\u00ebr, nj\u00eb rast nuk do t\u00eb ngjaj\u00eb tjetrit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por n\u00ebse mbahet nj\u00eb q\u00ebndrim i till\u00eb, ky q\u00ebndrim tregon frym\u00eb dhe vullnet, jo vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb korrigjuar gabimet e mundshme, por edhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn, ndjenj\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb dor\u00eb ushtrimin e k\u00ebtyre politikave publike. Marrja e p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb b\u00ebn, n\u00eb fakt, diferenc\u00ebn midis burrave t\u00eb shtetit dhe kryetar\u00ebve t\u00eb partive.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, nuk na mbetet gj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se t\u00eb ndjekim serish shfaqje. T\u00eb d\u00ebgjojm\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebri p\u00ebr histori suksesi, t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim emrin e Mariolos s\u00eb radh\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij individuale, s\u00eb bashku me thellimin e grop\u00ebs financiare publike, me shpres\u00ebn q\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00ebt, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet SPAK-ut ose t\u00eb ndonj\u00eb instrumenti tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb shpikur prej tyre, t\u00eb nxjerrin g\u00ebshtenjat nga zjarri deri n\u00eb shfaqjen e ardhshme sezonale.<\/span><\/p>\n

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VINI RE<\/span>: Materiali \u00ebsht\u00eb marr\u00eb nga revista Monitor<\/span>, ri-botim i dat\u00ebs 19 Shtator 2023<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Enklid Milaj \u201cJam i preokupuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar kushtet q\u00eb vendi t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb qeverisje p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb q\u00eb ka p\u00ebrpara dhe gjej p\u00ebrpara nj\u00eb Mariolo q\u00eb hedh hije (negative) mbi imazhin e nj\u00eb partie t\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00eb\u201d. K\u00ebshtu do t\u00eb shprehej publikisht Bettino Craxi, ish-kryeminist\u00ebr socialist i Italis\u00eb, p\u00ebr Mario Chiesa-n, ish-\u2018golden boy\u2019 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":30,"featured_media":650393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-650392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ballina"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/650392","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=650392"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/650392\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/650393"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=650392"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=650392"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=650392"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}