{"id":646798,"date":"2024-01-16T11:19:54","date_gmt":"2024-01-16T10:19:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=646798"},"modified":"2024-01-16T11:28:07","modified_gmt":"2024-01-16T10:28:07","slug":"brenda-laboratorit-te-shkrirjes-berthamore-qe-mund-te-ndryshoje-boten","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2024\/01\/16\/brenda-laboratorit-te-shkrirjes-berthamore-qe-mund-te-ndryshoje-boten\/","title":{"rendered":"Brenda laboratorit t\u00eb shkrirjes b\u00ebrthamore q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb bot\u00ebn","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"
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Nj\u00eb teknik i p\u00ebrpunimit t\u00eb optik\u00ebs p\u00ebrgatit nj\u00eb mburoj\u00eb grir\u00ebse n\u00eb Laboratorin Komb\u00ebtar Lawrence Livermore m\u00eb 8 dhjetor 2023. Rrezet lazer kalojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes k\u00ebtyre mburojave n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e tyre drejt dhom\u00ebs s\u00eb synuar<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Pak pas or\u00ebs 01:00 t\u00eb m\u00ebngjesit t\u00eb 5 dhjetorit 2022, Dave Schlossberg, nj\u00eb fizikant eksperimental n\u00eb Instalimin Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Ndezjes (NIF), u zgjua nga nj\u00eb telefonat\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb eksperiment i shkrirjes duke p\u00ebrdorur lazer\u00ebt masiv\u00eb t\u00eb NIF ishte planifikuar t\u00eb fillonte at\u00eb nat\u00eb. Pasi kishte shkuar n\u00eb shtrat disa or\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, ai i kishte th\u00ebn\u00eb Alex Zylstra-s, nj\u00eb nga fizikant\u00ebt n\u00eb ekipin e tij, q\u00eb ta th\u00ebrriste “n\u00ebse ndodh ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb interesante”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tani Zylstra po shihte t\u00eb dh\u00ebna ndryshe nga \u00e7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb objekti kishte regjistruar m\u00eb par\u00eb. Ata dukej se treguan se shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kishin arritur nj\u00eb hap monumental n\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkim q\u00eb kishte zgjatur prej dekadash p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur burimin e energjis\u00eb q\u00eb fuqizon diellin. Schlossberg ngriti telefonin.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Un\u00eb mendoj se di\u00e7ka interesante ka ndodhur,”<\/em> tha Zylstra.<\/span><\/p>\n

Studiuesit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb struktur\u00eb n\u00eb Livermore, Kaliforni, kishin shpenzuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 13 vjet duke u p\u00ebrpjekur dhe duke d\u00ebshtuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur ndezjen e shkrirjes, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se reaksioni nxjerr m\u00eb shum\u00eb energji se sa shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt kan\u00eb futur n\u00eb t\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Disa v\u00ebzhgues ekspert\u00eb menduan se nuk do funksiononte kurr\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, aty, n\u00eb baz\u00ebn e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave eksperimentale t\u00eb objektit ishte prova. N\u00eb or\u00ebn 1:03:50 t\u00eb m\u00ebngjesit, 192 rrezet e fuqishme lazer t\u00eb NIF kishin l\u00ebruar 2,05 megaxhaul (MJ) energji n\u00eb nj\u00eb cilind\u00ebr t\u00eb vog\u00ebl ari, i cili e shnd\u00ebrroi at\u00eb rrezatim ultravjollc\u00eb n\u00eb rreze X t\u00eb fuqishme q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtolli nj\u00eb kapsul\u00eb diamanti t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb kokrre piperi q\u00eb p\u00ebrmban dy isotope diamanti, deuterium dhe tritium. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sa hap e mbyll syt\u00eb, pjesa e brendshme e izotopit u prish n\u00eb 100 her\u00eb densitetin e plumbit, duke detyruar atomet e hidrogjenit t\u00eb shkrihen n\u00eb helium dhe duke shnd\u00ebrruar nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb vog\u00ebl t\u00eb mas\u00ebs n\u00eb sasi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha energjie. Rreth 70 trilionta e sekond\u00ebs m\u00eb von\u00eb, kapsula shp\u00ebrtheu, duke l\u00ebshuar 3.15 MJ energji, e barasvlershme me rreth tre kall\u00ebpe dinamiti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Rezultati ishte nj\u00eb mrekulli shkencore, nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr q\u00eb studiuesit kishin shpresuar ta krijonin n\u00eb nj\u00eb laborator q\u00eb kur shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt filluan p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb diskutonin rreth ides\u00eb s\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb shkrirjes b\u00ebrthamore t\u00eb kontrolluar p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar energji elektrike n\u00eb vitet 1950. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kjo ide – p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur reagimin q\u00eb ushqen yjet duke cop\u00ebtuar atomet e hidrogjenit s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr t\u00eb formuar helium – teorikisht mund t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb energji elektrike pothuajse t\u00eb pakufizuar, pa ndotje, pa asnj\u00eb nga rreziqet e siguris\u00eb ose problemet e depozitimit t\u00eb mbetjeve t\u00eb reaktor\u00ebve b\u00ebrthamor\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, v\u00ebrtetimi i nj\u00eb procesi t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00eb laborator u ka shp\u00ebtuar shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve dhe inxhinier\u00ebve p\u00ebr dekada.<\/span><\/p>\n

Q\u00eb kur u hap n\u00eb vitin 2009, NIF ka ndjekur nj\u00eb qasje ndaj sfid\u00ebs: duke i p\u00ebrplasur ato atome t\u00eb hidrogjenit s\u00eb bashku, duke i goditur me rreze t\u00eb fuqishme lazer me q\u00ebllimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur ndezjen, si\u00e7 n\u00ebnkuptohet n\u00eb emrin e objektit, nj\u00eb hap vendimtar n\u00ebse teknologjia do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret si burim i energjis\u00eb s\u00eb past\u00ebr. Tani, nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb e gjysm\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb, shpresat jan\u00eb rip\u00ebrt\u00ebrir\u00eb se \u00ebndrra mund t\u00eb realizohet nj\u00eb dit\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb studiuesit nuk jan\u00eb\u00eb ende shum\u00eb af\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb \u00e7do energjie q\u00eb ata prodhojn\u00eb n\u00eb objektin e tyre t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb stadiumi. NIF nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb termocentral dhe fuqia elektrike q\u00eb lazer\u00ebt e tij masiv\u00eb marrin nga rrjeti (qindra her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa prodhojn\u00eb n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e synuar) tejkalon shum\u00eb \u00e7do gj\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shpresonte ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb t\u00eb prodhonte. <\/span><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, ajo kishte arritur nj\u00eb p\u00ebrparim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm at\u00eb dit\u00eb dhjetor. Nd\u00ebrsa lajmet u p\u00ebrhap\u00ebn, ethet e shkrirjes u shp\u00ebrndan\u00eb n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn; Sekretarja e Energjis\u00eb e SHBA-s\u00eb, Jennifer Granholm e p\u00ebrshkroi at\u00eb si momentin m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm shkencor t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 21-t\u00eb. Sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsit e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shkrirjes u mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebn n\u00eb shpresat e reja p\u00ebr fush\u00ebn e tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb objektiv i sapomontuar n\u00eb laboratorin e fabrikimit t\u00eb objektivit t\u00eb Laboratorit Komb\u00ebtar Lawrence Livermore<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Por edhe n\u00eb mes t\u00eb fest\u00ebs, presioni u rrit n\u00eb NIF p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur me shpejt\u00ebsi ato rezultate p\u00ebr t\u00eb provuar se eksperimenti novator nuk ishte aksident, dhe m\u00eb pas p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur p\u00ebr rendimente akoma m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shkrirjes.<\/span><\/p>\n

TIME i ka ndjekur shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e NIF gjat\u00eb atij udh\u00ebtimi pas ndezjes s\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar, nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim me \u00a0shum\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi e krenari, d\u00ebshp\u00ebrim dhe eufori, nj\u00eb d\u00ebshmi e zgjuarsis\u00eb dhe vendosm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb studiuesve dhe rolit unik t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve t\u00eb financuara nga qeveria n\u00eb shtyrjen e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb shkencore p\u00ebrpara. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb gjithashtu nj\u00eb p\u00ebrkujtues i sfid\u00ebs s\u00eb madhe dhe t\u00eb kthjell\u00ebt q\u00eb mbetet: shnd\u00ebrrimi i zbulimit t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb nj\u00eb burim energjie t\u00eb past\u00ebr q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur burimet e t\u00eb frenoj\u00eb gjendjen klimatike, nd\u00ebrsa ka ende koh\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Annie Kritcher shpesh zgjohet n\u00eb mes t\u00eb nat\u00ebs me ide t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t’u futur n\u00eb simulimet e saj.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Burri im do e karakterizonte at\u00eb si obsesive,”<\/em> thot\u00eb Kritcher.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNdonj\u00ebher\u00eb luaj me f\u00ebmij\u00ebt e mi dhe m\u00eb pas e kuptoj se n\u00eb fakt nuk po luaj me ta.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Si nj\u00eb fizikante projektimi, detyra e saj \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb modele kompjuterike p\u00ebr t\u00eb parashikuar se \u00e7far\u00eb rregullimesh n\u00eb gjat\u00ebsin\u00eb e val\u00ebs dhe fuqin\u00eb e impulsit lazer, ndryshimet n\u00eb kapsul\u00ebn e karburantit dhe hohlraum-in (N\u00eb termodinamik\u00ebn e rrezatimit, nj\u00eb hohlraum \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb zgav\u00ebr, muret e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs jan\u00eb n\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr rrezatues me energjin\u00eb rrezatuese brenda zgavr\u00ebs.) p\u00ebrreth arit dhe ndryshime t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb panum\u00ebrta t\u00eb mundshme mund t\u00eb shtrydhin atomet e hidrogjenit s\u00eb bashku n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e duhur p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar nj\u00eb reaksion bashkimi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kritcher kishte projektuar nj\u00eb eksperiment NIF n\u00eb gusht 2021 q\u00eb prodhoi nj\u00eb rekord 1.3 MJ energji t\u00eb shkrirjes duke p\u00ebrdorur 1.9 MJ energji lazer t\u00eb futur – nj\u00eb sukses q\u00eb erdhi fal\u00eb ndryshimeve, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb zhvendosjen e m\u00eb shum\u00eb energjie hyr\u00ebse n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e m\u00ebvonshme t\u00eb shkrepjes me lazer. <\/span><\/p>\n

Rezultati i vendosi shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e NIF n\u00eb pragun e ndezjes. M\u00eb pas, objekti filloi p\u00ebrgatitjet p\u00ebr eksperimente q\u00eb do shtynin lazer\u00ebt e vjet\u00ebruar n\u00eb nivele edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb energjis\u00eb. Lazeri ishte projektuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxjerr\u00eb 1.8 MJ, dhe teknik\u00ebt tashm\u00eb kishin qen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje ta arrinin at\u00eb n\u00eb 1.9 MJ.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tani, duke shtuar nj\u00eb optik\u00eb t\u00eb re q\u00eb mbronte m\u00eb mir\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsit e lazerit nga mbeturinat fluturuese pran\u00eb dhom\u00ebs s\u00eb synuar, ata besuan se mund t’i shtr\u00ebngonin ato rreze deri n\u00eb 2.05 MJ. Kjo mund t\u00eb ting\u00eblloj\u00eb margjinale.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por nd\u00ebrsa inputi i energjis\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb eksperiment t\u00eb shkrirjes rritet, prodhimi i energjis\u00eb tenton t\u00eb rritet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksponenciale. Studiuesit menduan se nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb prej 0,15 MJ energji lazer mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb thyer barrier\u00ebn e ndezjes.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kritcher konceptoi nj\u00eb plan p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur at\u00eb energji shtes\u00eb lazer, kryesisht duke rritur trash\u00ebsin\u00eb e kapsul\u00ebs s\u00eb synuar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb eksperiment n\u00eb shtator d\u00ebshtoi – karburanti kishte shp\u00ebrthyer me vet\u00ebm 1,19 MJ energji. Gabime t\u00eb tilla, si\u00e7 i quan Kritcher, jan\u00eb nj\u00eb fakt i jet\u00ebs n\u00eb NIF: n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ideale, lazer\u00ebt do ngjeshin karburantin e shkrirjes n\u00eb form\u00ebn e nj\u00eb sfere uniforme, e cila ushtron presion maksimal p\u00ebr t\u00eb detyruar atomet e hidrogjenit s\u00eb bashku, por ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb p\u00ebrfundon me shp\u00ebrthimes, t\u00eb cilat rezultojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00eb pak energji. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ekipi b\u00ebri disa ndryshime n\u00eb lazer, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb rregullimin e gjat\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb val\u00ebs s\u00eb tyre. M\u00eb pas, at\u00eb m\u00ebngjes t\u00eb hersh\u00ebm t\u00eb 5 dhjetorit 2022, ata i dhan\u00eb nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje tjet\u00ebr dhe funksionoi. Kritcher thot\u00eb se ajo qau kur mori lajmin.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Kim Budil, drejtore e Laboratorit Komb\u00ebtar Lawrence Livermore, thot\u00eb se objekti kishte nj\u00eb detyrim publik t\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqej t\u00eb mposhtte rezultatet e tij t\u00eb dhjetorit 2022<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cIsha n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje ekstaze t\u00eb ngrir\u00eb. Kam pasur nj\u00eb buz\u00ebqeshje t\u00eb vazhdueshme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb jav\u00eb.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Kishte qen\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb e gjat\u00eb dhe e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb rezultat t\u00eb till\u00eb; n\u00eb vitin 2013 ishte nj\u00eb arritje mbres\u00ebl\u00ebn\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb 14 kiloxhaul nga nj\u00eb reagim, m\u00eb pak se 0.5% e energjis\u00eb s\u00eb l\u00ebshuar dhjetorin e kaluar.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ishte gjith\u00e7ka paksa surreale,”<\/em> thot\u00eb Art Pak, nj\u00eb nga shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt n\u00eb projekt, “duke kuptuar se di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn keni punuar p\u00ebr nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb, di\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn njer\u00ebzit kan\u00eb punuar p\u00ebr 60 vjet, \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebtu.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Por shkenca nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nxjerrja e prodhimi i di\u00e7kaje vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb her\u00eb. P\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar se e kupton v\u00ebrtet nj\u00eb dukuri, duhet t\u00eb jesh n\u00eb gjendje ta riprodhosh at\u00eb vazhdimisht. Por p\u00ebrpjekjet e m\u00ebvonshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur ndezjen vazhduan t\u00eb d\u00ebshtonin. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn NIF u p\u00ebrball ishte mbushja e kapsulave t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb synuara t\u00eb diamantit t\u00eb eksperimentit me atome deuterium dhe tritium, t\u00eb cilat k\u00ebrkonin p\u00ebrdorimin e nj\u00eb tubi m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb t\u00eb qindt\u00ebn e gjer\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00eb floku t\u00eb njeriut. N\u00ebse izotopet e hidrogjenit rrjedhin gjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebs p\u00ebr n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e prov\u00ebs, kapsula b\u00ebhet e padobishme. Dhe shum\u00eb nga kapsulat po d\u00ebshtonin.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Annie Kritcher projektoi eksperimentin q\u00eb arriti ndezjen e shkrirjes n\u00eb dhjetor 2022. Tani ajo e ka kthyer v\u00ebmendjen n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjen p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar rendimente m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb energjis\u00eb nga shkrirja<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

“Ishte nj\u00eb rr\u00ebnim i plot\u00eb sa her\u00eb q\u00eb humbja nj\u00eb objektiv,”<\/em> thot\u00eb Kritcher.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cJu i ndiqni k\u00ebto objektiva sikur t\u00eb jen\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebt tuaj.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Pak u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb mos lejonte q\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjimet t’i preknin. Ai ishte njohur mir\u00eb me d\u00ebshtimet n\u00eb vitet e para t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira t\u00eb programit: “Vet\u00ebm sepse punon shum\u00eb dhe b\u00ebn gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb mendon se \u00ebsht\u00eb e drejt\u00eb, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb gj\u00ebrat nuk funksionojn\u00eb.”<\/em> thot\u00eb ai.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Mos e lidhni vet\u00ebvler\u00ebsimin dhe lumturin\u00eb tuaj personale me fizik\u00ebn eksperimentale.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, zhg\u00ebnjimet e brendshme dhe presioni i jasht\u00ebm u rrit\u00ebn nd\u00ebrsa dimri iku e erdhi pranvera. Mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsit e NIF n\u00eb Kongres kishin mbrojtur objektin pavar\u00ebsisht viteve t\u00eb p\u00ebrparimit t\u00eb ngadalt\u00eb; tani ata donin q\u00eb studiuesit t\u00eb tregonin se mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebrisnin suksesin e tyre t\u00eb dhjetorit 2022. Kritik\u00ebt e programit po b\u00ebheshin m\u00eb t\u00eb z\u00ebsh\u00ebm.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ky program ka nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb gjat\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtuesish dhe kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebsh,”<\/em> thot\u00eb Kim Budil, drejtore e Laboratorit Komb\u00ebtar Lawrence Livermore, q\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyr NIF.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAta menduan se ishte nj\u00eb qasje e \u00e7mendur dhe se ne ishim tep\u00ebr arrogant\u00eb.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

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Teknik\u00ebt n\u00eb pun\u00eb n\u00eb NIF<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Ekipi i NIF ndjeu gjithashtu nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb detyrimi ndaj publikut, thot\u00eb Budil. Qeveria i kishte dh\u00ebn\u00eb miliarda dollar\u00eb financim dhe udh\u00ebheqja e laboratorit mendoi se taksapaguesit amerikan\u00eb meritonin nj\u00eb sukses t\u00eb m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb. N\u00eb mars, Budil mblodhi s\u00eb bashku udh\u00ebheqjen e programit t\u00eb shkrirjes.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Kam prezantuar nj\u00eb term t\u00eb ri t\u00eb quajtur “viti fiskal i ndezjes”<\/em>, thot\u00eb Budil.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ne nuk mund t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit fiskal t\u00eb ndezjes” – dometh\u00ebn\u00eb deri n\u00eb dhjetor 2023 – “pa p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur k\u00ebt\u00eb eksperiment”.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb qershor, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e objektit kryen nj\u00eb eksperiment q\u00eb ishte thjesht i ndrojtur nga ndezja. M\u00eb pas, m\u00eb 30 korrik, studiuesit m\u00eb n\u00eb fund arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb tejkalonin rezultatin e tyre t\u00eb 5 dhjetorit, duke prodhuar 3,9 MJ energji, nj\u00eb rekord i ri, me 2,05 MJ input lazer. Pasoi nj\u00eb frym\u00ebzim kolektiv.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ky rezultat nuk ishte nj\u00eb rast\u00ebsi,”<\/em> thot\u00eb Budil.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cIshte nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e mrekullueshme t\u00eb isha n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb thosha, \u2018E arrit\u00ebm at\u00eb. \u00c7far\u00eb vjen m\u00eb pas?\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb tetor, studiuesit arrit\u00ebn nj\u00eb rezultat ndoshta edhe m\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs. Duke p\u00ebrdorur nj\u00eb dizajn t\u00eb ri eksperimental, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e objektit arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb merrnin nj\u00eb rendiment prej 2.4 MJ – me vet\u00ebm 1.9 MJ energji lazer.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ne po fillojm\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje m\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs se si funksionojn\u00eb k\u00ebto sisteme,”<\/em> tha Pak p\u00ebr TIME pasi dol\u00ebn rezultatet.<\/span><\/p>\n

“N\u00eb nj\u00eb rast, ju filloni me nj\u00eb \u00e7eki\u00e7 m\u00eb t\u00eb madh dhe e goditni gj\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb fort. N\u00eb rastin tjet\u00ebr, ju synoni me shum\u00eb kujdes dhe e b\u00ebni at\u00eb si\u00e7 duhet.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Nj\u00eb topth karburanti i ekspozuar n\u00eb laboratorin e fabrikimit n\u00eb Laboratorin Komb\u00ebtar Lawrence Livermore<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

P\u00ebr vite pasi NIF u hap n\u00eb vitin 2009, nj\u00eb baner i varur nga nd\u00ebrtesa gjigante nuk fshihte fjal\u00ebt p\u00ebr q\u00ebllimin e saj: “Sjellja e fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb yjeve n\u00eb Tok\u00eb”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shumica e raportimeve dhe komenteve mbi sukseset dhe d\u00ebshtimet e objektit, nga ana tjet\u00ebr, jan\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb q\u00ebllimin q\u00eb n\u00ebnkupton motoja: zhvillimi i teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb re t\u00eb energjis\u00eb q\u00eb ndryshon bot\u00ebn.<\/span><\/p>\n

E v\u00ebrteta, megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlikuar. NIF, i cili kushtoi 3.5 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u nd\u00ebrtuar, merr buxhetin vjetor operativ prej rreth 380 milion\u00eb dollar\u00ebsh nga Administrata Komb\u00ebtare e Siguris\u00eb B\u00ebrthamore, nj\u00eb agjenci e Departamentit t\u00eb Energjis\u00eb t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb, e ngarkuar me ruajtjen e stokut b\u00ebrthamor t\u00eb vendit. <\/span><\/p>\n

Shtysa kryesore p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e NIF ishte premtimi se reaksionet e shkrirjes t\u00eb ndezura nga lazer\u00ebt e fuqish\u00ebm t\u00eb objektit do jepnin t\u00eb dh\u00ebna q\u00eb do ndihmonin SHBA-n\u00eb t\u00eb ruante arsenalin e saj b\u00ebrthamor pa testime b\u00ebrthamore n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore.<\/span><\/p>\n

Udh\u00ebheqja e NIF thekson se p\u00ebrparimi n\u00eb energjin\u00eb e shkrirjes dhe fizik\u00ebn themelore jan\u00eb bashk\u00ebp\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb asaj pune dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre, k\u00ebto tre synime jan\u00eb t\u00eb pandashme. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb themel, nxitja p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar k\u00ebrkime t\u00eb reja t\u00eb gjera shkencore dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7uar p\u00ebrpara energjin\u00eb e shkrirjes vjen e dyta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Teknik\u00ebt kryejn\u00eb pun\u00ebn delikate t\u00eb montimit t\u00eb nj\u00eb objektivi<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

“Q\u00ebllimi i NIF \u00ebsht\u00eb sigurimi yn\u00eb b\u00ebrthamor,”<\/em> thot\u00eb Mark Herrmann, drejtor programi p\u00ebr fizik\u00ebn dhe dizajnin e arm\u00ebve n\u00eb NIF.<\/span><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e NIF thon\u00eb se puna e tyre mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb ndihm\u00eb shkencore n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha deg\u00ebt e zhvillimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb shkrirjes.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Ne jemi duke eksploruar reaksionet e shkenc\u00ebs dhe fizik\u00ebs q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb kurr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis t\u00eb kontrolluar laboratorik,”<\/em> thot\u00eb Schlossberg.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Askush nuk e ka b\u00ebr\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, suksesi i ndezjes ka nxitur investimet dhe emocionet e sektorit publik n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e zhurmshme t\u00eb kapitalit privat, megjith\u00ebse normat e larta t\u00eb interesit kan\u00eb hequr dor\u00eb nga financimi i ri i kapitalit sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, temperaturat rekord t\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn e kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme iden\u00eb se energjia e shkrirjes mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb zbulim q\u00eb zgjidh kriz\u00ebn klimatike. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsit e kan\u00eb p\u00ebrqafuar at\u00eb korniz\u00eb dhe disa kan\u00eb premtuar termocentrale komerciale funksionale me shkrirje brenda pes\u00eb viteve t\u00eb ardhshme. Studiuesit akademik\u00eb priren t\u00eb japin afate m\u00eb t\u00eb kujdesshme, shpesh p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb linjave t\u00eb dy dekadave.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Pozicionimi i objektivit n\u00eb vendin e synuar. Objektivat vendosen n\u00eb maj\u00eb t\u00eb pozicionuesit dhe m\u00eb pas futen n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e synuar p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb l\u00ebshojn\u00eb lazer\u00ebt e objektit<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

Suksesi i ndezjes s\u00eb NIF dhe p\u00ebrparimi n\u00eb muajt q\u00eb pasuan, b\u00ebn q\u00eb shpresat e kahershme p\u00ebr energjin\u00eb e shkrirjes mund t\u00eb provohen ende dhe ndoshta edhe t\u00eb vijn\u00eb brenda periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr kohore p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur emetimet n\u00eb zero. <\/span><\/p>\n

Por si\u00e7 ka treguar historia e NIF, p\u00ebrparimi shkencor \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e paq\u00ebndrueshme. Bota n\u00ebnatomike nuk ndjek asnj\u00eb plan. Me nj\u00ebfar\u00eb rregullsie, studiuesit n\u00eb NIF po prodhojn\u00eb yje t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, nanosekonda. Por ende ka ende p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz n\u00eb NIF flasin p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si pritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb rriten pothuajse menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas sukseseve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, si p\u00ebr vet\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt, ashtu edhe n\u00eb shtresat m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb mbik\u00ebqyrjes administrative dhe politike.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

K\u00ebto tuba vakumi jan\u00eb pjes\u00eb e sistemit t\u00eb madh q\u00eb krijon rrezet e fuqishme lazer t\u00eb NIF<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

“Ne jemi t\u00eb lumtur kur gj\u00ebrat shkojn\u00eb mir\u00eb,” <\/em>thot\u00eb Kritcher.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Por at\u00ebher\u00eb ju pothuajse menj\u00ebher\u00eb futeni n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb pyetjes: “Si ta p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj at\u00eb?””<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

John Nuckolls, ish-drejtori n\u00eb Laboratorin Komb\u00ebtar Lawrence Livermore, i cili mbik\u00ebqyr NIF, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj legjende e laboratorit qeveritar. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ai doli me iden\u00eb origjinale t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb lazer\u00ebve, m\u00eb pas nj\u00eb shpikje t\u00eb re, p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur reaksionet e shkrirjes n\u00eb vitet 1960. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 92-vje\u00e7are, ai ende her\u00eb pas here hyn n\u00eb pun\u00eb n\u00eb laborator. Pas goditjes s\u00eb suksesshme t\u00eb dhjetorit 2022, Budili uroi Nuckolls; p\u00ebrgjigja e tij ishte ta pyeste at\u00eb se kur studiuesit do ta kalonin at\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb arrinin 5 MJ rendiment energjie.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMos b\u00ebni m\u00eb konferenca p\u00ebr shtyp\u201d<\/em>, kujton Budili duke th\u00ebn\u00eb. “Le t\u00eb ecim me pun\u00ebn.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Lentet e fokusit me pyk\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar rrezet e lazerit n\u00eb objektivat e vegj\u00ebl<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

P\u00ebr rreth nj\u00eb vit, NIF ishte p\u00ebrgatitur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb eksperiment t\u00eb ri q\u00eb do ta shtynte objektin edhe m\u00eb tej, me teknik\u00ebt q\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsonin lazer\u00ebt 14-vje\u00e7ar\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur energjin\u00eb e tyre deri n\u00eb 2.2 MJ. Laboratori do jet\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb menaxhoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm disa nga k\u00ebto shkrepje me superfuqi n\u00eb vit, pasi ato mund t\u00eb d\u00ebmtojn\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebsit e objektit m\u00eb shpejt sesa mund t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsohen.<\/span><\/p>\n

“2.05 MJ po e kthente n\u00eb 11,”<\/em> thot\u00eb Town.<\/span><\/p>\n

“2.2 MJ po e kthen at\u00eb n\u00eb 12.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Duke p\u00ebrdorur numrat p\u00ebrpara testit t\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb shkrirjes 2.2 MJ, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e NIF parashikuan q\u00eb rendimenti i energjis\u00eb mund t\u00eb arrinte rreth 10 MJ, tre her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se sa kishte prodhuar gjuajtja e vitit t\u00eb kaluar – duke supozuar se gjith\u00e7ka do shkonte sipas planit, gj\u00eb q\u00eb rrall\u00eb ndodh her\u00ebn e par\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Duke folur p\u00ebrpara atij testi, Pak iu referua dit\u00ebve t\u00eb para t\u00eb NIF, kur modelet parashikuese t\u00eb objektit dhe realiteti eksperimental ishin milje larg nj\u00ebri-tjetrit. Ata kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb, por jo aq larg sa t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb parashikojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrsosur t\u00eb gjitha \u00e7\u00ebshtjet q\u00eb mund t\u00eb lindin n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e mbinxehur t\u00eb nj\u00eb ndezjeje nan\u00ebsekonde me shkrirje.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMe historin\u00eb q\u00eb kam pasur, mendoj se \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb mos i shtosh shpresat\u201d<\/em>, thot\u00eb Pak.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Mbani pritshm\u00ebri t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe nuk do t\u00eb zhg\u00ebnjeheni kurr\u00eb.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"

Nj\u00eb ‘dritare neutronike’ \u00ebsht\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nj\u00eb sistemi q\u00eb i ndihmon shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt t\u00eb analizojn\u00eb reaksionet e shkrirjes n\u00eb dhom\u00ebn e synuar<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/div>\n

M\u00eb 30 tetor, studiuesit ndez\u00ebn lazerin p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthyer nj\u00eb kapsul\u00eb t\u00eb synuar me 2.2 MJ drit\u00eb ultravjollc\u00eb. Eksperimenti arriti ndezjen, nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrthim l\u00ebshoi \u200b\u200b3.4 MJ energji, rendimenti i dyt\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb i regjistruar ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb objekt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nga nj\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim, ishte nj\u00eb sukses i madh. Nga nj\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim tjet\u00ebr, ishte nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtim: t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat pasuese treguan nj\u00eb asimetri t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar n\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimin e karburantit. Budil kishte shpresuar t\u00eb thyente 5 MJ n\u00eb at\u00eb goditje t\u00eb par\u00eb 2.2 MJ. P\u00ebrpjekja tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb planifikuar paraprakisht p\u00ebr n\u00eb shkurt. \u201cPritshm\u00ebrit\u00eb e mia po rriten\u201d<\/em>, thot\u00eb ajo.<\/span><\/p>\n

Problemet q\u00eb fundos\u00ebn p\u00ebrpjekjen e par\u00eb duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb rregullueshme, megjith\u00ebse studiuesit paralajm\u00ebrojn\u00eb se zgjidhja e asaj asimetrie t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb e e ngat\u00ebrruar. Shkenca e shkrirjes po ec\u00ebn shpejt, ndoshta m\u00eb shpejt se kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. Por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se p\u00ebrparimi vjen leht\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

“A \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur?”<\/em> thot\u00eb Town p\u00ebr rregullimin e problemeve n\u00eb eksperimentin e dyt\u00eb t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm 2.2 MJ.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Epo, ne do e provojm\u00eb nj\u00ebher\u00eb.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

VINI RE<\/strong><\/span>: Ky material \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00ebsi intelektuale e Time<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti p\u00ebr Hashtag.al,<\/span> Klodian Manjani<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pak pas or\u00ebs 01:00 t\u00eb m\u00ebngjesit t\u00eb 5 dhjetorit 2022, Dave Schlossberg, nj\u00eb fizikant eksperimental n\u00eb Instalimin Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Ndezjes (NIF), u zgjua nga nj\u00eb telefonat\u00eb. Nj\u00eb eksperiment i shkrirjes duke p\u00ebrdorur lazer\u00ebt masiv\u00eb t\u00eb NIF ishte planifikuar t\u00eb fillonte at\u00eb nat\u00eb. Pasi kishte shkuar n\u00eb shtrat disa or\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, ai i kishte th\u00ebn\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":51,"featured_media":646804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-646798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ballina"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/646798","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=646798"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/646798\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/646804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=646798"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=646798"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=646798"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}