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Aspirina \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb bar i njohur dhe i p\u00ebrdorur gjer\u00ebsisht me nj\u00eb histori t\u00eb pasur. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 p\u00ebrdorimeve t\u00eb njohura p\u00ebr leht\u00ebsimin e dhimbjeve dhe vetive antiinflamatore dhe antikoagulante, nj\u00eb studim i fundit tregon se pacient\u00ebt me kancer q\u00eb marrin aspirin\u00eb me doz\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt \u00e7do dit\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb pak\u00ebsim t\u00eb vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb prej 21 p\u00ebr qind. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ka d\u00ebshmi t\u00eb rolit t\u00eb aspirin\u00ebs n\u00eb parandalimin e metastazave t\u00eb kancerit.<\/span><\/p>\n Kanceri \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shkaqet kryesore t\u00eb vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb globale. Vet\u00ebm n\u00eb vitin 2020, kishte rreth 19.3 milion\u00eb raste t\u00eb reja me kancer n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn dhe afro 10 milion\u00eb vdekje. Sipas statistikave, 1 n\u00eb 6 vdekje t\u00eb raportuara i atribuohen kancerit. Llojet m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb kancerit p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb gjirin, mushk\u00ebrit\u00eb, kolorektalin, prostat\u00ebn dhe stomakun.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb n\u00ebntor 2023, studiuesit nga Universiteti Cardiff n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar publikuan nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse n\u00eb British Journal of Cancer (BJC) duke p\u00ebrshkruar potencialin e aspirin\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur vdekshm\u00ebrin\u00eb nga kanceri, p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar p\u00ebrhapjen e kancerit metastatik dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbutur komplikimet vaskulare. Rishikimi p\u00ebrfshiu prova t\u00eb favorshme dhe t\u00eb pafavorshme, duke analizuar t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht arsyetimin pas p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb aspirin\u00ebs n\u00eb trajtimin e kancerit.<\/span><\/p>\n Ndikimi i aspirin\u00ebs n\u00eb vdekshm\u00ebrin\u00eb nga kanceri<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Studimi p\u00ebrpiloi rezultate nga 118 studime v\u00ebzhguese q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinin af\u00ebrsisht 1 milion pacient\u00eb me kancer. Ai zbuloi se marrja ditore e aspirin\u00ebs me doz\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt (75 ose 81 miligram\u00eb) u shoq\u00ebrua me nj\u00eb ulje prej 21 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb nga t\u00eb gjitha shkaqet.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb studim q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin pacient\u00ebt me kancer pankreatik q\u00eb i n\u00ebnshtroheshin operacionit tregoi se pacient\u00ebt q\u00eb merrnin aspirin\u00eb kishin nj\u00eb norm\u00eb mbijetese trevje\u00e7are prej 61.1 p\u00ebrqind, krahasuar me 26.3 p\u00ebrqind p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb nuk e merrnin at\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Roli i Aspirin\u00ebs n\u00eb Pak\u00ebsimin e P\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb Kancerit Metastatik<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Mekanizmi kryesor i veprimit t\u00eb aspirin\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb frenimi i enzim\u00ebs ciklooksigjenaz\u00eb (COX). COX \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr formimin e prostaglandinave, nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb kritike n\u00eb sinjalizimin e kancerit. Megjithat\u00eb, efektet antikancerogjene t\u00eb aspirin\u00ebs shtrihen p\u00ebrtej k\u00ebsaj. <\/span><\/p>\n Hulumtimet e fundit kan\u00eb zbuluar se mekanizmat e veprimit antikancerogjen t\u00eb aspirin\u00ebs p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb gjithashtu metabolizmin e energjis\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me p\u00ebrhapjen e qelizave kancerogjene, inflamacionin e lidhur me kancerin dhe aktivitetin pro-kancerogjen t\u00eb drejtuar nga trombocitet.<\/span><\/p>\n Metastaza ose p\u00ebrhapja e kancerit \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shkak kryesor i vdekjes n\u00eb pacient\u00ebt me kancer dhe trombocitet luajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rol t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb proces. Aspirina mund t\u00eb pengoj\u00eb grumbullimin e trombociteve, duke ulur k\u00ebshtu p\u00ebrhapjen e qelizave kancerogjene. Rishikimi gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs n\u00eb BJC zbuloi se aspirina mund t\u00eb ul\u00eb rrezikun e metastazave t\u00eb kancerit me 38 p\u00ebr qind deri n\u00eb 52 p\u00ebr qind.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, aspirina luan nj\u00eb rol n\u00eb promovimin e riparimit t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb. Gabimet mund t\u00eb ndodhin gjat\u00eb riprodhimit t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb dhe trupi i njeriut ka nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm p\u00ebr riparimin e mosp\u00ebrputhjes s\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb. Pasi ky funksion komprometohet, mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillimin e kancerit. Hulumtimet kan\u00eb treguar se aspirina mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsoj\u00eb mekanizmat e riparimit t\u00eb ADN-s\u00eb, duke parandaluar k\u00ebshtu kancerin kolorektal trash\u00ebgues jo-polipoz (sindroma Lynch) dhe kancere t\u00eb tjera potencialisht.<\/span><\/p>\n Polemika rreth aspirin\u00ebs n\u00eb trajtimin e kancerit<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Roli i aspirin\u00ebs n\u00eb studimet e kancerit mbetet i diskutuesh\u00ebm, kryesisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsimeve rreth rritjes s\u00eb rreziqeve t\u00eb gjakderdhjes. Nj\u00eb artikull i publikuar nga Reuters m\u00eb 14 qershor 2017, i titulluar “Aspirina ditore shkakton 3000 vdekje nga gjakderdhja n\u00eb Britani \u00e7do vit”, u shp\u00ebrnda gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb rrjetet dhe mediat globale.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, studiuesit vun\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se k\u00ebtij studimi, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin 3,166 pacient\u00eb t\u00eb moshuar, i mungonte nj\u00eb grup kontrolli, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb vler\u00ebsimin e sakt\u00eb t\u00eb ndikimit t\u00eb pavarur t\u00eb aspirin\u00ebs n\u00eb gjakderdhjen fatale.<\/span><\/p>\n Studiuesit vun\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se nj\u00eb rrezik i shtuar i gjakderdhjes tek pacient\u00ebt e moshuar dhe t\u00eb dob\u00ebsuar nga kanceri p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00eb rrezik t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrqendrohemi vet\u00ebm n\u00eb frekuenc\u00ebn e gjakderdhjes, duhet t’i kushtohet v\u00ebmendje m\u00eb e madhe ashp\u00ebrsis\u00eb s\u00eb saj, pasi rastet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda t\u00eb gjakderdhjes jan\u00eb ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr vdekjen.<\/span><\/p>\n Studiuesit konsoliduan t\u00eb dh\u00ebna nga 11 prova t\u00eb kontrolluara t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinin mbi 100,000 pjes\u00ebmarr\u00ebs, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinin ngjarje fatale t\u00eb gjakderdhjes. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat treguan nj\u00eb rritje prej 55 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb rrezikut t\u00eb gjakderdhjes p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb aspirin\u00ebs. <\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb mesin e pacient\u00ebve q\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuan gjakderdhje pas marrjes s\u00eb aspirin\u00ebs, vet\u00ebm 4 p\u00ebr qind vdiq\u00ebn. N\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt, grupi i kontrollit, i cili mori nj\u00eb placebo, kishte nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb vdekjeje q\u00eb i atribuohej gjakderdhjes deri n\u00eb 8 p\u00ebrqind. Kjo sugjeron q\u00eb gjakderdhja e shkaktuar nga aspirina \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht e but\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebrfundimi i nxjerr\u00eb nga studiuesit \u00ebsht\u00eb se duke pasur parasysh sigurin\u00eb relative t\u00eb aspirin\u00ebs, ajo duhet t\u00eb konsiderohet si nj\u00eb mas\u00eb parandaluese p\u00ebr kancerin. Nd\u00ebrsa ka prova q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se aspirina mund t\u00eb zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjen e kancerit metastatik dhe se fillimi i terapis\u00eb me aspirin\u00eb her\u00ebt pas nj\u00eb diagnoze t\u00eb kancerit rrit efektivitetin e saj, nevojiten m\u00eb shum\u00eb prova t\u00eb rast\u00ebsishme.<\/span><\/p>\n Peter Elwood, profesor nderi n\u00eb Universitetin e Kardifit, deklaroi n\u00eb nj\u00eb deklarat\u00eb p\u00ebr shtyp: “Duke pasur parasysh sigurin\u00eb e saj relative dhe efektet e saj t\u00eb favorshme, p\u00ebrdorimi i aspirin\u00ebs si nj\u00eb trajtim shtes\u00eb i kancerit \u00ebsht\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht i justifikuar”<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n Ai shtoi se aspirina \u00ebsht\u00eb e lir\u00eb dhe e disponueshme n\u00eb pothuajse \u00e7do vend dhe p\u00ebrdorimi i saj i p\u00ebrhapur mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb i dobish\u00ebm n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn.<\/span><\/p>\n Aspirina ul rrezikun e kancereve t\u00eb ndryshme<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbledhje gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse e botuar n\u00eb revist\u00ebn e njohur Annals of Oncology n\u00eb vitin 2020 tregoi se pacient\u00ebt q\u00eb marrin aspirin\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik relativisht m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb llojeve t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb kancerit.<\/span><\/p>\n Studiuesit kryen nj\u00eb analiz\u00eb gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha studimeve v\u00ebzhguese mbi aspirin\u00ebn dhe kancerin e traktit tret\u00ebs t\u00eb publikuar deri n\u00eb mars 2019, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb mbi 150,000 raste. <\/span><\/p>\n Rezultatet zbuluan se, krahasuar me pacient\u00ebt q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrdornin aspirin\u00eb, ata q\u00eb merrnin rregullisht aspirin\u00eb kishin nj\u00eb rrezik t\u00eb pak\u00ebsuar prej 27 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb kancerit kolorektal, nj\u00eb rrezik 33 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb pak\u00ebsuar t\u00eb kancerit t\u00eb qelizave skuamoze t\u00eb ezofagut, nj\u00eb rrezik 39 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb pak\u00ebsuar t\u00eb adenokarcinom\u00ebs s\u00eb ezofagut dhe stomakut, pak\u00ebsimit t\u00eb rrezikut t\u00eb kancerit t\u00eb stomakut me 36 p\u00ebr qind, kancerit t\u00eb traktit hepatobiliar me 38 p\u00ebr qind dhe kancerit t\u00eb pankreasit me 22 p\u00ebr qind. Megjithat\u00eb, nuk kishte ndonj\u00eb ndryshim t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb rrezikun e kancerit t\u00eb kok\u00ebs dhe qaf\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr kancerin kolorektal, marrja e nj\u00eb doze ditore t\u00eb aspirin\u00ebs midis 75 dhe 100 miligram\u00eb mund t\u00eb zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb rrezikun me 10 p\u00ebr qind, nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00eb doz\u00eb ditore prej 325 miligram\u00ebsh mund ta zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb rrezikun me 35 p\u00ebr qind.<\/span><\/p>\n Rreziqet e mundshme t\u00eb marrjes s\u00eb aspirin\u00ebs<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Aspirina \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb bar josteroidal antiinflamator (NSAID) q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar dhimbjet e lehta deri n\u00eb mesatare, inflamacionin ose artritin. Gjithashtu mund t\u00eb zvog\u00ebloj\u00eb rrezikun e sulmeve n\u00eb zem\u00ebr, goditjeve n\u00eb tru dhe mpiksjes s\u00eb gjakut.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb theksohet se p\u00ebrdorimi afatgjat\u00eb i aspirin\u00ebs mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebj\u00eb rreziqe shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr disa individ\u00eb. Sipas Sh\u00ebrbimit Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndetit n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar (NHS), f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00ebn mosh\u00ebn 16 vje\u00e7 nuk duhet t\u00eb marrin aspirin\u00eb pa recet\u00ebn e mjekut, pasi mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb lidhje t\u00eb mundshme midis aspirin\u00ebs dhe sindrom\u00ebs Reye tek f\u00ebmij\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr individ\u00ebt me nj\u00eb histori alergjie ndaj aspirin\u00ebs ose qet\u00ebsuesve t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm dhimbjeje, ul\u00e7era n\u00eb stomak, presion t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb gjakut, dispepsi, gjakderdhje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb menstruale, astm\u00eb ose s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb mushk\u00ebrive, probleme t\u00eb koagulimit t\u00eb gjakut, probleme t\u00eb m\u00ebl\u00e7is\u00eb ose veshkave \u00ebsht\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb konsultoheni me nj\u00eb mjek p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb merrni aspirin\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n