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N\u00eb gjysm\u00ebn e par\u00eb t\u00eb vitit 2024 n\u00eb t\u00eb 27 vendet an\u00ebtare t\u00eb BE pritet t\u00eb zhvillohen zgjedhjet p\u00ebr Parlamentin e ri Europian. Rritja e shifrave t\u00eb migrant\u00ebve ilegal\u00eb dhe refugjat\u00ebve si edhe procedurat e azilit, sipas sondazheve, do t\u00eb jen\u00eb temat kryesore t\u00eb fushat\u00ebs zgjedhore. T\u00eb treja vendet kryesore t\u00eb destinacionit t\u00eb migrant\u00ebve n\u00eb BE, Gjermani,Franc\u00eb dhe Itali u ashp\u00ebrsuan ligjet komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr t\u00eb ulur numrin e migrant\u00ebve ilegal\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar d\u00ebbimet.<\/span><\/p>\n Gjermania<\/span><\/p>\n Nga Zyra Federale e Migracionit dhe Refugjat\u00ebve, BAMF, b\u00ebhet e ditur se gjat\u00eb vitit 2023, 350.000 nga m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1 milion\u00eb azilk\u00ebrkues n\u00eb BE e shtrojn\u00eb k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn p\u00ebr azil n\u00eb Gjermani. Krahas azilk\u00ebrkuesve nga Siria, Afrganistani dhe Turqia n\u00eb Gjermani jan\u00eb strehuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1 milion\u00eb refugjat\u00eb nga Ukraina.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Qeveria e koalicionit t\u00eb socialdemokrat\u00ebve, T\u00eb Gjelb\u00ebrve dhe liberal\u00ebve ka reaguar me ashp\u00ebrsimin e disa ligjeve. K\u00ebshtu “ligji i shanseve p\u00ebr q\u00ebndrim” do t\u00eb leht\u00ebsoj\u00eb futjen n\u00eb pun\u00eb t\u00eb migrant\u00ebve dhe integrimin n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri, n\u00ebse ata jetojn\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 5 vjet n\u00eb vend.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Kurse “ligji p\u00ebr p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e d\u00ebbimit” do t\u00eb leht\u00ebsoj\u00eb kthimin e azilk\u00ebrkuesve t\u00eb refuzuar n\u00eb vendet origjin\u00eb, q\u00eb me ligjin e ri mund t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb m\u00eb gjat\u00eb n\u00eb paraburgimin e d\u00ebbimit, po ashtu apartamentet e tyre mund t\u00eb kontrollohen m\u00eb leht\u00eb dhe d\u00ebbimet mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen pa afate t\u00eb gjata paralajm\u00ebrimi.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr ligj modernizon t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e n\u00ebnshtet\u00ebsis\u00eb. Gjermania lejoi n\u00eb vitin 2023 n\u00ebnshtet\u00ebsin\u00eb e dyfisht\u00eb. Koha e pritjes reduktohet nga tet\u00eb n\u00eb pes\u00eb vjet. Por n\u00eb rast antisemitizmi dhe racizmi t\u00eb aplikuesit mund t\u00eb refuzohet e drejta e n\u00ebnshtet\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Franca<\/span><\/p>\n Asambleja Komb\u00ebtare Franceze pak para fundit t\u00eb vitit miratoi nj\u00eb ligj t\u00eb ri migracioni me votat e partis\u00eb populiste t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, “Rassemblement national”. Kryetarja e partis\u00eb, Marine Le Pen b\u00ebri fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr fitore ideologjike p\u00ebr politik\u00ebn e saj “Franca e para”. Presidenti liberal, Emmanuel Macron nuk ishte i varur drejtp\u00ebrdrejt n\u00eb parlament nga Rassemblement national” por nga votat e republikan\u00ebve konservator\u00eb q\u00eb votuan p\u00ebr ashp\u00ebrsimin e rregulloreve.<\/span><\/p>\n Macron do t\u00eb lejoj\u00eb verifikimin e ligjit n\u00eb K\u00ebshillin Kushtetues. Me ligjin e ri migrant\u00ebt ilegal\u00eb mund t\u00eb d\u00ebbohen m\u00eb leht\u00eb, qasja tek ndihmat sociale v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsohet dhe bashkimi familjar kufizohet. Student\u00ebt e huaj duhet t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb si kusht nj\u00eb depozit\u00eb financiare para ardhjes n\u00eb Franc\u00eb. 70% e francez\u00ebve mb\u00ebshtesin ashp\u00ebrsimin e ligjeve t\u00eb migracionit.<\/span><\/p>\n Italia<\/span><\/p>\n Koalicioni populist i djatht\u00eb n\u00ebn kryeministren, Giorgia Meloni fitoi zgjedhjet n\u00eb vitin 2022 n\u00eb Itali me premtimin, se do t\u00eb reduktoj\u00eb numrin e migrant\u00ebve q\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb. Meloni duhet t\u00eb paraqes\u00eb tani rezultate. Psh, ajo arriti t\u00eb negocioj\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje kthimi me Tunizin\u00eb, po n\u00eb fund ajo nuk u zbatua.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Kryeministrja italiane negocioi edhe me Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje, q\u00eb parashikon zhvendosjen e dy qendrave t\u00eb pranimit me nj\u00eb kapacitet prej mbi 3000 persona nga Shqip\u00ebria n\u00eb Itali. Aktualisht drejt\u00ebsia shqiptare \u00ebsht\u00eb duke verifikuar n\u00ebse kjo marr\u00ebveshje me Italin\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb konform ligjeve.<\/span><\/p>\n Nga ana tjet\u00ebr Meloni ka b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb ditur, se kampet e d\u00ebbimit do t\u00eb vendosen n\u00eb zonat m\u00eb pak t\u00eb populluara t\u00eb Italis\u00eb. Aty migrant\u00ebt do t\u00eb q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb 18 muaj n\u00eb vend t\u00eb 12 muajve si deri m\u00eb tani, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb autoritetet vendosin p\u00ebr d\u00ebbimin. Organizata p\u00ebrmbledh\u00ebse e organizatave t\u00eb refugjat\u00ebve n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, European Council on Refugees and Exiles”(ECRE) kritikoi n\u00eb nj\u00eb raport t\u00eb saj Italin\u00eb p\u00ebr v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsim t\u00eb procedurave t\u00eb rregullta t\u00eb azilit.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n Aplikuesit duhet t\u00eb presin me muaj p\u00ebr nj\u00eb orar. Por shum\u00eb migrant\u00eb nga Italia vazhdojn\u00eb drejt veriut, sidomos n\u00eb Austri dhe Gjermani p\u00ebr t\u00eb aplikur aty p\u00ebr azil, n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb q\u00eb sipas rregullave t\u00eb Dublinit, Italia duhet t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr pranimin e tyre. Roma refuzon rimarrjen e migrant\u00ebve q\u00eb Gjermania, sipas rregullores duhet t’i kthej\u00eb n\u00eb vendin ku hyn\u00eb n\u00eb BE p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Greqia, Hungaria, Austria dhe Holanda<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb Greqi kthimi drejtp\u00ebrdrejt i migrant\u00ebve n\u00eb kufi apo kthimi i motobarkave n\u00eb uj\u00ebrat territoriale turke (pushbacks) \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb rregull se p\u00ebrjashtim. K\u00ebt\u00eb e kritikon organizata ECRE n\u00eb raportin e saj t\u00eb fundvitit n\u00eb Bruksel. Qasja tek procedurat e azilit \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, sepse migrant\u00ebt n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e pritjes p\u00ebr aplikim nuk kan\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb p\u00ebr ndihma sociale. P\u00ebr disa orare aplikimi n\u00eb Greqi k\u00ebrkohen 100 euro tarif\u00eb nga migrant\u00ebt, nj\u00eb procedur\u00eb q\u00eb nuk gjendet n\u00eb vend tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb BE.<\/span><\/p>\n Hungaria \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi vend n\u00eb BE ku q\u00eb nga viti 2016 sundon e drejta e jasht\u00ebzakonshme n\u00eb kufi. Hyrja n\u00eb Hungari e azilk\u00ebrkuesve \u00ebsht\u00eb gati e pamundur. Procedurat e azilit duhet t\u00eb aplikohen n\u00eb ambasadat n\u00eb Beograd apo Kiev. Organizata qendrore e organizatave t\u00eb refugjat\u00ebve n\u00eb BE, ECRE \u00ebsht\u00eb e mendimit se n\u00eb kufirin hungarez t\u00eb ruajtur ashp\u00ebrsisht jan\u00eb d\u00ebbuar deri n\u00eb 150.000 vet\u00eb n\u00eb Serbi. Megjith\u00ebse Gjytata Europiane n\u00eb Luksemburg dhe Gjykata p\u00ebr t\u00eb Drejtat e Njeriut n\u00eb Straburg e kan\u00eb shpallur k\u00ebt\u00eb praktik\u00eb si t\u00eb palejueshme, Budapesti zyrtar i injoron k\u00ebto vendime.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb Holand\u00eb qeveria liberale e djatht\u00eb madje u rr\u00ebzua p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb tem\u00ebs s\u00eb ashp\u00ebrsimit t\u00eb ligjeve t\u00eb migracionit. Kryeministri, Mark Rutte dha dor\u00ebheqjen, sepse nuk pati sukses me miratimin e ligjit p\u00ebr kufizimin e bashkimit familjar p\u00ebr azilk\u00ebrkuesit e refuzuar.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb Austri, Ministria e Pun\u00ebve t\u00eb Brendshme ka vendosur nj\u00eb detyrim p\u00ebr pun\u00eb p\u00ebr azilk\u00ebrkuesit n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e procedur\u00ebs s\u00eb azilit. N\u00ebse ata refuzojn\u00eb pun\u00ebn q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen n\u00eb komunitet, do t’u hiqet mund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr banim apo kujdesin social.<\/span><\/p>\n Bashkimi Europian<\/span><\/p>\n Deri n\u00eb prill 2024, Parlamenti Europian dhe K\u00ebshilli Ministror i BE, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsia e 27 vendeve an\u00ebtare duhet t\u00eb vendosin p\u00ebr paktin e ri t\u00eb migracionit. Reformimi i zgjeruar i procedur\u00ebs s\u00eb azilit n\u00eb BE sjell disa ndryshime: Procedura t\u00eb shpejta azili n\u00eb kufi p\u00ebr 30.000 vet\u00eb me pak shanse p\u00ebr njohjen e azilit si edhe d\u00ebbime m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejta n\u00eb qendra d\u00ebbimi. P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb parashikohet edhe detyrimi p\u00ebr solidaritet brenda BE.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb rast mbingarkese t\u00eb vendeve, ku migrant\u00ebt ilegal\u00eb hyjn\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb, si Italia, Greqia, Qipro, Spanja, Malta e Kroacia at\u00ebher\u00eb refugjat\u00ebt e migrant\u00ebt ilegal\u00eb do t\u00eb shp\u00ebrndahen me nj\u00eb sistem kuotash n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb BE.<\/span><\/p>\n Zbatimi i plot\u00eb i reform\u00ebs me 8 ligje kryesore pritet t\u00eb zgjas\u00eb deri n\u00eb vitin 2026. Megjithat\u00eb BE k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb pik\u00eb me reform\u00ebn e azilit n\u00eb fushat\u00ebn zgjedhore p\u00ebr zgjedhjet e Parlamentit Europian, \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehur presidentja e tij, kristiandemokratja, Roberta Metsola nga Malta.<\/span><\/p>\n