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Kaq k\u00ebrc\u00ebnues \u00ebsht\u00eb labirinti i gjer\u00eb n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor i g\u00ebrmuar nga Hamasi sa izraelit\u00ebt n\u00eb betejat e kaluara i quajt\u00ebn k\u00ebto struktura “tunele terroriste”. Kjo bot\u00eb e n\u00ebndheshme e kalimeve, depove t\u00eb arm\u00ebve dhe rrug\u00ebve t\u00eb arratisjes posht\u00eb Gaz\u00ebs mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb edhe m\u00eb e frikshme tani.<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrsa trupat tok\u00ebsore izraelite nxitojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rrethuar qytetin e Gaz\u00ebs, t\u00eb dy pal\u00ebt mund ta gjejn\u00eb veten duke luftuar nj\u00eb luft\u00eb urbane “tre-dimensionale” – me luft\u00ebtar\u00eb q\u00eb q\u00ebllojn\u00eb nga \u00e7atit\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtesave t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruara, nga rrug\u00ebt mes rr\u00ebnojash dhe nga tunelet e n\u00ebndhesh\u00ebm, thon\u00eb analist\u00ebt ushtarak\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n E gjith\u00eb kjo mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb n\u00eb lagje ende t\u00eb mbushura me civil\u00eb, mes t\u00eb cil\u00ebve f\u00ebmij\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Zyrtar\u00ebt izraelit\u00eb vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb se ka 1,300 tunele, q\u00eb shtrihen n\u00eb rreth 500 kilometra n\u00eb gjith\u00eb Rripin e Gaz\u00ebs, i cili n\u00eb vetvete \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm 25 40 klometra i gjat\u00eb. Ushtria e p\u00ebrshkruan rrjetin si nj\u00eb nga rrjetat n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrpunuara n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Ai thot\u00eb se ka bunker\u00eb n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor\u00eb posht\u00eb spitaleve t\u00eb Gaz\u00ebs. Mjek\u00ebt palestinez\u00eb e kan\u00eb mohuar k\u00ebt\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Protokolli ushtarak izraelit n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi ndalon trupat e rregullta tok\u00ebsore t\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb tunele, pasi mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr t’u vrar\u00eb ose kapur jan\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta. Izraelit\u00ebt kan\u00eb par\u00eb ushtar\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb kapur dhe t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr zvarr\u00eb n\u00eb tunele, k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb strategjia e mundshme do t\u00eb jet\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t’i shkat\u00ebrruar ata nga larg\u00ebsia.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb nj\u00eb intervist\u00eb jav\u00ebn e kaluar me The Washington Post, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi i lart\u00eb i Hamasit, Ali Baraka, q\u00eb ndodhej n\u00eb Bejrut, tha se “luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt jan\u00eb n\u00ebn tok\u00eb, duke pritur p\u00ebr betej\u00ebn”. Ai pretendoi se ka 40,000 operativ\u00eb n\u00eb Brigadat Izzedine al-Qassam, krahu ushtarak i Hamasit dhe 20,000 n\u00eb fraksione t\u00eb tjera. “Ata nuk mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballojn\u00eb 60,000 luft\u00ebra\u00eb,”<\/em> tha ai, duke sfiduar thirrur ushtrin\u00eb izraelite.<\/span><\/p>\n Kalimet e Hamasit, t\u00eb g\u00ebrmuara me mjete dore gjat\u00eb dekadave, jan\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrforcuara me beton t\u00eb parap\u00ebrgatitur dhe kan\u00eb tramvaj p\u00ebr karrocat e dor\u00ebs, ndri\u00e7imin elektrik, nyjet e komunikimit dhe ventilator\u00ebt e ajrosjes.<\/span><\/p>\n Shumica jan\u00eb t\u00eb ngusht\u00eb, nga b\u00ebrryli n\u00eb b\u00ebrryl, dhe shum\u00eb pak t\u00eb alarta. Por disa jan\u00eb mjaft t\u00eb gjera p\u00ebr automjete t\u00eb vogla. Betejat e kaluara sugjerojn\u00eb se shum\u00eb nga tunelet mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb bllokuar nga grackat.<\/span><\/p>\n Ka kaq shum\u00eb tunele sa z\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsi i Forcave Mbrojt\u00ebse t\u00eb Izraelit, admirali Daniel Hagari, e ka quajtur sistemin n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor “Metro Gaza”.<\/span><\/p>\n K\u00ebto tunele mund t’i lejojn\u00eb luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt e Hamasit t\u00eb rivendosen shpejt n larg\u00ebsi t\u00eb konsiderueshme – jo vet\u00ebm nga rruga n\u00eb rrug\u00eb – dhe t\u00eb rifurnizohen, t\u00eb riarmatosen, t\u00eb evakuojn\u00eb t\u00eb plagosurit dhe t\u00eb arratisen. Udh\u00ebheqja e Hamasit ka theksuar se tunelet nuk jan\u00eb p\u00ebr p\u00ebrdorim civil si strehimore p\u00ebr sulme ajrore. Rrjeti, k\u00ebmb\u00ebngul Hamasi, \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n Forcat izraelite tashm\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb beteja me arm\u00eb me militant\u00ebt e Hamasit q\u00eb shfaqen nga tunelet. Forcat ajrore kan\u00eb goditur gjithashtu vendet e dyshuara t\u00eb tuneleve nd\u00ebrsa synonin komandant\u00ebt e Hamasit, than\u00eb Forcat e Mbrojtjes t\u00eb Izraelit.<\/span><\/p>\n Bombardimi intensiv i kampit t\u00eb refugjat\u00ebve Jabalya dit\u00ebt e fundit la kratere t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebt Marc Garlasco, nj\u00eb k\u00ebshilltar ushtarak n\u00eb organizat\u00ebn holandeze PAX p\u00ebr Paqen dhe ish-hetues i krimeve t\u00eb luft\u00ebs t\u00eb OKB-s\u00eb, tha se ndoshta ishin shkaktuar nga municionet e fuqishme ose bombat JDAM q\u00eb shp\u00ebrthejn\u00eb me vones\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cKur nj\u00eb bomb\u00eb 900 kilogram\u00ebshe paund bie n\u00eb tok\u00eb, toka kthehet n\u00eb l\u00ebng\u201d<\/em>, shkroi Garlasco n\u00eb nj\u00eb mesazh p\u00ebr The Washington Post.<\/span><\/p>\n “\u00cbsht\u00eb si nj\u00eb t\u00ebrmet.”<\/em> Qindra civil\u00eb q\u00eb jetonin n\u00eb zon\u00eb u vran\u00eb dhe u plagos\u00ebn n\u00eb ato sulme.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb vitin 2014, n\u00eb ofensiv\u00ebn e fundit t\u00eb madhe tok\u00ebsore n\u00eb Gaza, e cila zgjati 50 dit\u00eb, ushtria izraelite raportoi se “asgj\u00ebsoi” 32 tunele, 14 prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve kalonin n\u00eb Izrael.<\/span><\/p>\n Tunele t\u00eb g\u00ebrmuar nga ana e Gaz\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb territorit izraelit, u projektuan nga Hamasi p\u00ebr t\u00eb nisur sulmet n\u00eb qendrat ushtarake izraelite dhe fshatrat bujq\u00ebsore p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb kufirit t\u00eb Gaz\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb q\u00ebllim kryesor i izraelit\u00ebve n\u00eb luft\u00ebn e vitit 2014 ishte shkat\u00ebrrimi i tuneleve.<\/span><\/p>\n Si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb par\u00eb, gjat\u00eb sulmit t\u00eb 7 tetorit n\u00eb Izrael, Hamasi nuk u mb\u00ebshtet te tunelet p\u00ebr t\u00eb shkelur perimetrin e siguris\u00eb s\u00eb vendit. Militant\u00ebt kaluan mbi tok\u00eb p\u00ebrmes mureve izraelite e linjave t\u00eb gardhit me leht\u00ebsi relative, si\u00e7 tregohet n\u00eb kamerat e trupit t\u00eb mbajtura nga operativ\u00ebt e Hamasit.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb pushtim, Izraeli ka deklaruar se q\u00ebllimi i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrroj\u00eb Hamasin si forc\u00eb qeveris\u00ebse dhe ushtarake n\u00eb Gaza, duke shp\u00ebtuar gjithashtu 240 pengjet e marra nga Hamasi dhe militant\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb. Vendndodhja e pengjeve \u00ebsht\u00eb e paqart\u00eb, por IDF beson se shum\u00eb mund t\u00eb mbahen n\u00eb tunele.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb nga ata q\u00eb u kap\u00ebn rob, Yocheved Lifshitz, 83-vje\u00e7arja e liruar jav\u00ebn e kaluar nga Hamasi, i tha nj\u00eb grupi gazetar\u00ebsh n\u00eb Tel Aviv se persona t\u00eb armatosur palestinez\u00eb e kishin marr\u00eb at\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00ebn e pasme t\u00eb nj\u00eb moto\u00e7iklete “derisa arrit\u00ebm n\u00eb tunele”.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00a0\u201cAtje ne ec\u00ebm me kilometra n\u00ebn tok\u00eb n\u00eb tok\u00eb t\u00eb lag\u00ebsht\u201d<\/em>, tha ajo, duke shtuar se rrjeti i tunelit ishte \u201csi nj\u00eb rrjet\u00eb merimangash \u2013 shum\u00eb e shum\u00eb tunele\u201d<\/em>.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cNe arrit\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb dhom\u00eb t\u00eb madhe ku ishin mbledhur rreth 25 prej nesh,\u201d<\/em> tha ajo. Atje ata u mbajt\u00ebn deri n\u00eb lirimin e saj m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy jav\u00eb m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Joel Roskin, nj\u00eb gjeolog n\u00eb Universitetin Bar-Ilan, tha se shtresat e balt\u00ebs ranore t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb Gaza gjat\u00eb 500,000 viteve t\u00eb fundit jan\u00eb perfekte p\u00ebr tunele t\u00eb cek\u00ebta.<\/span><\/p>\n “Ne nuk po flasim p\u00ebr gur dhe shk\u00ebmb, dhe k\u00ebshtu mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren mjete t\u00eb thjeshta p\u00ebr t\u00eb g\u00ebrmuar, mjete q\u00eb nuk i d\u00ebgjon nga lart,”<\/em> tha ai.<\/span><\/p>\n G\u00ebrmimi i puseve t\u00eb ujit p\u00ebr bujq\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb praktik\u00eb e lasht\u00eb n\u00eb Gaza, tha Roskin, dhe kjo njohuri u p\u00ebrdor p\u00ebr t\u00eb g\u00ebrmuar tunele n\u00eb Rafah midis Gaz\u00ebs dhe Egjiptit n\u00eb vitet 1980 p\u00ebr t\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar kontraband\u00ebn, nj\u00eb biznes q\u00eb lul\u00ebzoi n\u00ebn Hamasin pasi Izraeli u largua nga Rripi i Gaz\u00ebs n\u00eb 2005.<\/span><\/p>\n Ata tunele kontraband\u00eb ishin mjaft t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb plehra, bag\u00ebti, elektronik\u00eb, \u00e7imento dhe madje edhe automjete Mercedes-Benz t\u00eb \u00e7montuara, si dhe armatime p\u00ebr Hamasin.<\/span><\/p>\n M\u00eb von\u00eb, Hamasi nisi nj\u00eb g\u00ebrmim tunelesh n\u00ebp\u00ebr Gaza. Infrastruktura n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore p\u00ebrdoret p\u00ebr qendra komandimi dhe kontrolli, armatime, magazina ushqimore dhe karburantesh, depo arm\u00ebsh dhe fabrika n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore p\u00ebr prodhimin e raketave.<\/span><\/p>\n Ben Milch ndihmoi n\u00eb nj\u00eb goditje t\u00eb kufizuar kund\u00ebr tuneleve n\u00eb vitin 2014. Gjat\u00eb asaj vere, emigranti i lindur n\u00eb Io\u00eba n\u00eb Izrael ishte komandant n\u00eb Korpusin e Inxhinieris\u00eb Luftarake n\u00eb Gaza, ku nj\u00ebsia e tij shkat\u00ebrroi 15 tunele.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cN\u00eb vitin 2014, objektivi yn\u00eb ishte t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrronim tunelet q\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7onin n\u00eb Izrael k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb ne nuk shkuam shum\u00eb larg n\u00eb Rripin e Gaz\u00ebs\u201d, tha ai, duke vler\u00ebsuar se trupat izraelite hyn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se 3.2 kilometra n\u00eb territor.<\/span><\/p>\n Kjo luft\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb shum\u00eb ndryshe, tha ai.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb luftimet e m\u00ebparshme, tha Milch, ushtria do p\u00ebrdorte bomba tymues p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar boshtet e ventilimit t\u00eb tuneleve t\u00eb Hamasit, m\u00eb pas g\u00ebrmonte duke p\u00ebrdorur ekskavator\u00eb dhe buldozer\u00eb t\u00eb blinduar dhe shkat\u00ebrronte tunelet me ngarkesa shp\u00ebrthyese.<\/span><\/p>\n Ai kujton se ka hedhur bomba tymuese n\u00eb tunele dhe ka par\u00eb sht\u00ebllungat e jo nj\u00eb ose dy boshteve t\u00eb ventilimit, por “20, 30, 40” n\u00eb nj\u00eb zon\u00eb sa nj\u00eb fush\u00eb futbolli.<\/span><\/p>\n “Pra, ishte qart\u00ebsisht e nd\u00ebrthurur dhe nj\u00eb labirint, n\u00eb thelb,”<\/em> tha ai.<\/span><\/p>\n Kobi Michael, nj\u00eb studiues i lart\u00eb n\u00eb Institutin e Studimeve t\u00eb Siguris\u00eb Komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Izraelit, tha: \u201cNe nuk do t\u00eb hyjm\u00eb vet\u00eb n\u00eb tunele; ne nuk do t\u00eb luftojm\u00eb n\u00eb tunele, 30, 40 metra n\u00ebn tok\u00eb.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n \u201cNe kemi, supozoj, disa mjete dhe m\u00ebnyra krijuese q\u00eb do na mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb t\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrojm\u00eb k\u00ebto tunele mbi kokat e terrorist\u00ebve t\u00eb Hamasit q\u00eb fshihen brenda\u201d<\/em>, tha Michael, duke kund\u00ebrshtuar t\u00eb spekuloj\u00eb mbi p\u00ebrdorimin e sensor\u00ebve t\u00eb klasifikuar n\u00eb terren.<\/span><\/p>\n Ka forca speciale t\u00eb IDF-s\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb st\u00ebrvitur n\u00eb luftime tunelesh. Izraelit\u00ebt kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur edhe robot\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr izraelit\u00ebt, identifikimi i tuneleve mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb mbledhjen e inteligjenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr vendndodhjet e tyre, si dhe n\u00eb sensor\u00eb dhe metoda t\u00eb tjera.<\/span><\/p>\n Izraeli ka shpenzuar shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha p\u00ebr t\u00eb ngritur nj\u00eb “mur me pengesa” t\u00eb fort\u00eb, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj mburoje n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore n\u00eb periferin\u00eb e Gaz\u00ebs. Ai ka vendosur sensor\u00eb tok\u00ebsor\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar zhurm\u00ebn e lopat\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur kavitete dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbuluar l\u00ebvizjen. Shum\u00eb nga mjetet u zhvilluan fillimisht p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkimin e naft\u00ebs dhe gazit.<\/span><\/p>\n Sfida, thon\u00eb disa ekspert\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb se k\u00ebta “geo-telefon\u00eb” mund t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb mjedise sterile dhe t\u00eb qeta, por m\u00eb pak gjat\u00eb nj\u00eb beteje me tanke q\u00eb gj\u00ebmojn\u00eb af\u00ebr, tha Daphn\u00e9 Richemond-Barak, n\u00eb Institutin Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar p\u00ebr Kund\u00ebrterrorizmin n\u00eb Universitetin Reichman n\u00eb Izrael. Ajo shtoi se lufta n\u00eb tunele ka qen\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb sfiduese, duke p\u00ebrmendur Vietnamin, Afganistanin, Sirin\u00eb dhe Irakun.<\/span><\/p>\n “Por tani kur e sjell k\u00ebt\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis urban, ku civil\u00ebt mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm, detyra b\u00ebhet pothuajse e pamundur p\u00ebr t’u kap\u00ebrcyer,”<\/em> tha ajo, duke v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje se mbivendosja e terrenit urban dhe n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor paraqet nj\u00eb “nivel t\u00eb nd\u00ebrlikuar t\u00eb paprecedent\u00eb”.<\/span><\/p>\n “\u00cbsht\u00eb eksponenciale, n\u00eb nj\u00eb far\u00eb m\u00ebnyre,”<\/em> shtoi ajo. \u201cNuk \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht m\u00eb keq; \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksponenciale m\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlikuar t\u00eb luftosh n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb lloj mjedisi.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Z\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit e ushtris\u00eb izraelite thon\u00eb se qindra objektiva n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore jan\u00eb goditur n\u00eb kat\u00ebr jav\u00eb bombardime, t\u00eb cilat zyrtar\u00ebt n\u00eb Gaza thon\u00eb se kan\u00eb marr\u00eb mij\u00ebra jet\u00eb civil\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Analist\u00ebt ushtarak\u00eb supozojn\u00eb se sulmet izraelite kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur shkat\u00ebrrues bunker\u00ebsh, sulme t\u00eb drejtuara me sakt\u00ebsi, arm\u00eb termobarike dhe, potencialisht, edhe uj\u00eb me presion t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cAjo q\u00eb ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb shohim \u00ebsht\u00eb se Izraeli do p\u00ebrdor\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre metodave t\u00eb ndryshme dhe potencialisht edhe t\u00eb reja, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb llojit t\u00eb strukturave n\u00ebntok\u00ebsore, n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb vendndodhjes s\u00eb tij brenda Rripit t\u00eb Gaz\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb civil\u00ebve p\u00ebrreth struktur\u00ebs, n\u00ebse ka ende atje\u201d<\/em>, tha Richemond-Barak.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/ezgif.com-webp-to-jpg-1-2.jpg\")
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