{"id":620910,"date":"2023-10-04T19:08:12","date_gmt":"2023-10-04T17:08:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=620910"},"modified":"2023-10-04T19:29:51","modified_gmt":"2023-10-04T17:29:51","slug":"shendetesia-ne-shqiperi-ekspertet-nevojitet-model-i-ri-i-ofrimit-te-sherbimeve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2023\/10\/04\/shendetesia-ne-shqiperi-ekspertet-nevojitet-model-i-ri-i-ofrimit-te-sherbimeve\/","title":{"rendered":"Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsia n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, ekspert\u00ebt: Nevojitet model i ri i ofrimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

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N\u00eb <\/span>Shqip\u00ebri sistemi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor vijon t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet me probleme edhe pse vitet e fundit jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrparime. Pagesat e qytetar\u00ebve nga xhepi megjith\u00ebse kan\u00eb paguar kontribute sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, jan\u00eb mbi mesataren e vendeve t\u00eb BE, dhe r\u00ebndojn\u00eb buxhetin e familjeve. Disa ekspert\u00eb po nxisin diskutime p\u00ebr nj\u00eb model t\u00eb ri t\u00eb ofrimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve q\u00eb parashikon rritjen e sigurimeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, dhe rimburisimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve mjek\u00ebsore edhe n\u00eb spitalet private me q\u00ebllim p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar sasin\u00eb dhe cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre. Autoritetet kan\u00eb rezerva p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb model, nd\u00ebrsa thon\u00eb se po shtojn\u00eb kontratat me strukturat private p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbime q\u00eb mungojn\u00eb n\u00eb ato publike.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, ofrimi i sh\u00ebrbimeve mjek\u00ebsore bazohet n\u00eb parimin universal, pra ofrimit t\u00eb sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve dhe at\u00eb t\u00eb solidaritetit, t\u00eb ofrimit t\u00eb disa sh\u00ebrbimeve edhe p\u00ebr qytetar\u00eb q\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb paguar kontribute sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore. Por nj\u00eb nga problemet m\u00eb t\u00eb prekshme vazhdon t\u00eb jet\u00eb sasia e lart\u00eb e pagesave q\u00eb ata duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb, megjith\u00ebse kan\u00eb paguar kontributet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sipas nj\u00eb raporti t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb Komisionit Europian, q\u00eb analizon programet e reformave ekonomike n\u00eb vendet e rajonit, pagesat nga xhepi n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri n\u00eb mas\u00ebn 45% t\u00eb shpenzimeve totale n\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi, jan\u00eb duksh\u00ebm mbi mesataren prej 15.5% t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb BE. K\u00ebto jan\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e vitit 2018, por INSTAT p\u00ebr vitet n\u00eb vazhdim paraqet shpenzime n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb familjeve p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Njoh\u00ebs t\u00eb fush\u00ebs mendojn\u00eb se ka ardhur koha p\u00ebr nj\u00eb debat publik q\u00eb i sh\u00ebrben rritjes s\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb kontributeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve me q\u00ebllim p\u00ebr t\u00eb shtuar sh\u00ebrbimet dhe cil\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb sistemin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor publik. Sipas skem\u00ebs aktuale mbi 50% t\u00eb kontributeve paguhen nga<\/span><\/p>\n

buxheti i shtetit( taska -tatime). Qytetar\u00ebt paguajn\u00eb 3.4% t\u00eb pag\u00ebs t\u00eb ndar\u00eb mes pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit dhe pun\u00ebmarr\u00ebsit. Ata mund t\u00eb paguajn\u00eb kontribute edhe n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri private sigurimesh.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKy nivel \u00ebsht\u00eb tejet i ul\u00ebt. Ne praktikisht jemi t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb rajon p\u00ebr nivelin e kontributeve direkte t\u00eb sigurimeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore. Masa e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb 8-9% n\u00eb rajon, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Kosov\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 7%. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel t\u00eb ul\u00ebt qytetar\u00ebt kan\u00eb m\u00eb pak sh\u00ebrbime cil\u00ebsore, mjek\u00ebt paga m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe ka m\u00eb pak investime. E v\u00ebrteta i duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve, nj\u00eb nivel m\u00eb i lart\u00eb pagese \u00ebsht\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim cil\u00ebsor ndaj tyre. Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsia kushton, ka kosto \u00ebsht\u00eb e shtrenjt\u00eb kudo. Duhet konsensus politik p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb tilla p\u00ebr t\u00eb patur q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebri nd\u00ebr vite\u201d-<\/em>u shpreh p\u00ebr Z\u00ebrin e Amerik\u00ebs, Qamil Dika Pedagog n\u00eb Faklutetin e Mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb UMT.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nga ana e tyre zyrtar\u00ebt shpjegojn\u00eb se politika e rritjes s\u00eb pagave ka sjell\u00eb p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb dhe rritjen e kontributeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve. Edhe ekspert\u00ebt ve\u00e7ojn\u00eb hapa pozitiv drejt mbulimit universal t\u00eb kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor si p\u00ebrmes zgjerimit t\u00eb list\u00ebs s\u00eb barnave t\u00eb rimbursueshme dhe t\u00eb kategorive q\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb ashtu dhe n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb investimeve n\u00eb sektorin e sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Buxheti p\u00ebr sektorin e sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e fundit me mbi 80%, por n\u00eb raport me PBB ai \u00ebsht\u00eb 3.1%, duksh\u00ebm n\u00ebn mesataren prej 8% t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb BE, nd\u00ebrsa autoritetet thon\u00eb se synojn\u00eb ta \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb mas\u00ebn 5%. Komisioni Europian vler\u00ebson se sistemi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb i n\u00ebnfinancuar dhe se kujdesi sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor arrin t\u00eb marr\u00eb 10% t\u00eb shpenzimeve qeveritare, n\u00ebn rekomandimin prej 12% t\u00eb OBSH. Dhe p\u00ebr rrjedhoj\u00eb financimet e kufizuara kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb q\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt t\u00eb shpenzojn\u00eb nga xhepi shpeshher\u00eb dhe n\u00eb rrug\u00eb informale.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sistemi publik sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor financohet nga Fondi i Sigurimit t\u00eb Detyruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb Kujdesit Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. Modeli \u00ebsht\u00eb hibrid, nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrthurje mes atij Beverixh, ku shteti mbulon t\u00eb gjitha shpenzimet n\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi, dhe atij Bismark ku sh\u00ebrbimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore mbulohen nga kontributet e qytetar\u00ebve. N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb i zhvilluar dhe sistemi<\/span><\/p>\n

sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor privat, dhe qytetar\u00ebt paguajn\u00eb nga xhepi p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb. Por pavar\u00ebsisht disa p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimeve gjat\u00eb vitet e fundit, n\u00eb sistemin publik skema e mbulimit universal \u00ebsht\u00eb e c\u00ebnuar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKa sigurisht mang\u00ebsit\u00eb e veta duke qen\u00eb nj\u00eb miks i paketave q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor bota. Nj\u00eb nga mang\u00ebsit\u00eb kryesore \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ofron sh\u00ebrbime universale, ose t\u00eb gjitha sh\u00ebrbimet. Mang\u00ebsia tjet\u00ebr, q\u00eb ne e ndjejm\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb se detyrohemi t\u00eb paguajm\u00eb edhe nga xhepi p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore lidhet me cil\u00ebsin\u00eb q\u00eb l\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruar n\u00eb spitalet publike\u201d-<\/em> u shpreh p\u00ebr Z\u00ebrin e Amerik\u00ebs Elisabeta Musta, mjeke n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar disa sh\u00ebrbime sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore q\u00eb nuk ofrohen n\u00eb strukturat shtet\u00ebrore autoritetet thon\u00eb se kan\u00eb n\u00ebnshkruar kontrata me institucione sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore private.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cShteti p\u00ebr t\u00eb plot\u00ebsuar nevojat p\u00ebr ato patologji q\u00eb nuk mundet t\u2019i mbuloj\u00eb vet\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb jet\u00ebshp\u00ebtuese ka 19 paketa, q\u00eb qytetar\u00ebt n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb kontributeve t\u00eb tyre dhe financimeve nga shteti, mund t\u2019i marrin n\u00eb institucione private sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore si\u00e7 jan\u00eb ato t\u00eb kardiologjis\u00eb, dializ\u00ebs, implantit koklear, kataraktit apo radioterapis\u00eb. Pra shteti \u00ebsht\u00eb munduar q\u00eb \u00e7do vit t\u00eb plot\u00ebsoj\u00eb nevojat n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb edhe n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillimeve q\u00eb po b\u00ebn shkenca mjek\u00ebsore\u201d<\/em>– tha p\u00ebr Z\u00ebrin e Amerik\u00ebs Mira Rakacolli, Zv. Ministre e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por mjaft ekspert\u00eb n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr edhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrparimit t\u00eb sistemit privat sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor gjat\u00eb dekad\u00ebs s\u00eb fundit, po nxisin nj\u00eb debat t\u00eb ri, n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore dhe cil\u00ebsis\u00eb duke e par\u00eb sistemin publik dhe at\u00eb privat si nj\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebm. Ata propozojn\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb mbulohen nga Fondi i Sigurimit t\u00eb Detyruesh\u00ebm t\u00eb Kujdesit Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, n\u00eb t\u00eb dy sektor\u00ebt, dhe qytetari t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb vet\u00eb se ku d\u00ebshiron t\u2019i marr\u00eb ato.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNe p\u00ebrmes rritjes s\u00eb kontributeve nxisim edhe dy element\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, q\u00eb jan\u00eb futja n\u00eb skem\u00eb e operator\u00ebve privat, duke ofruar sh\u00ebrbim <\/span><\/em>sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt t\u00eb mund\u00ebsuar nga pagesat e fondit publik dhe elemetin tjet\u00ebr konkurueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb midis dy operator\u00ebve publik dhe privat. Kostoja e sh\u00ebrbimit e kostifikuar nga Ministria e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb i alokohet institucionit ku qytetari zgjedh t\u00eb marr\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim. K\u00ebtu do t\u00eb kishim patjet\u00ebr nj\u00eb hop cil\u00ebsor t\u00eb sistemit ton\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor. Do t\u00eb shihet kush performon m\u00eb mir\u00eb sistemi privat apo ai publik. Dhe drejtori i radh\u00ebs nuk do rrij\u00eb aty t\u00eb shoh\u00eb tendera po do shoh\u00eb mekanizmat se si t\u00eb rris\u00eb performanc\u00ebn\u201d<\/em>– vijoi Qamil Dika Pedagog n\u00eb Faklutetin e Mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb UMT.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pedagogu i shkencave mjek\u00ebsore n\u00eb Universitetin Aleksand\u00ebr Xhuvani n\u00eb Elbasan, Gjergj Koja mendon se nj\u00eb hap i till\u00eb k\u00ebrkon analiza t\u00eb kujdesshme pasi pasojat n\u00eb rast t\u00eb mosfunksionimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj skeme jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cMund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb oportunitet n\u00eb lidhje me zgjerimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve q\u00eb skema e sigurimeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore mund t\u00eb mbuloj\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb adhmen duke patur parasysh k\u00ebt\u00eb gj\u00eb, q\u00eb praktika e rimbursimit t\u00eb dializ\u00ebs n\u00eb spitalet private \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ogur i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u marr\u00eb n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb p\u00ebr zgjerimin e skem\u00ebs. Por kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb q\u00eb duhet par\u00eb dhe diskutuar mir\u00eb, sepse ka raste q\u00eb p\u00ebrfiton spitali publik por ka dhe raste q\u00eb vihet n\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi publiku ose p\u00ebrfiton spitali privat n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb spitalit publik. Duhet studiuar mir\u00eb, duhen par\u00eb disa variante t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunimit, sepse pasojat n\u00eb rast t\u00eb mosfunksionimit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj skeme jan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnda\u201d-<\/em> u shpreh p\u00ebr Z\u00ebrin e Amerik\u00ebs Gjergj Koja, ish Minist\u00ebr i Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

E pyetur nga Z\u00ebri i Amerik\u00ebs n\u00eb lidhje me diskutimet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb model t\u00eb ri t\u00eb ofrimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb rimbursueshme si n\u00eb spitalin publik ashtu dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb privat, Zv. Ministrja e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb Mira Rakacolli ishte skeptike duke dh\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebto argumenta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKy model ka shum\u00eb probleme, teknike, mjek\u00ebsore dhe financiare. B\u00ebhet v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsisht i kontrolluesh\u00ebm. Jan\u00eb eksperienca t\u00eb ndara me ekspert\u00eb nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u00eb, dhe jan\u00eb k\u00ebshilla t\u00eb tyre. Sepse p\u00ebr nj\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb me nj\u00eb ekzaminim mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen disa, sepse p\u00ebrfiton <\/span><\/em>m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura spitali. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb model i rekomanduar fuqish\u00ebm nga ekspert\u00ebt me t\u00eb cil\u00ebt ne konsultohemi p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00ebn. \u00cbsht\u00eb problem kompleks mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebror, po t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb model i mir\u00eb nuk do ekzistonin 4. Sejcili ka prioritetet dhe mang\u00ebsit\u00eb e veta\u201d<\/em>– vijoi Mira Rakacolli Zv. Ministre e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Debatet p\u00ebr modelin e ofrimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore zhvillohen edhe n\u00eb vendet per\u00ebndimore, ku n\u00eb jo pak raste jan\u00eb v\u00ebrjetur mang\u00ebsi. Por n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, ato marrin nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmas\u00eb tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb kushtet kur shpenzimet qeveritare p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsin\u00eb n\u00eb raport me GDP, si dhe kontributet e qytetar\u00ebve jan\u00eb thuajse sa gjysma e atyre t\u00eb vendeve per\u00ebndimore. N\u00eb vitin 2020, sipas nj\u00eb dokumenti t\u00eb Komisionit Europian p\u00ebr Reformat Ekonomike n\u00eb rajon, 9.1% e popullsis\u00eb, shum\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb se mesatarja nga 1.1- 3.3 % e vendeve t\u00eb BE, raportoi nj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb paplot\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr kujdes mjek\u00ebsor p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb kostos s\u00eb lart\u00eb. K\u00ebto shifra sipas ekspert\u00ebve tregojn\u00eb se pavar\u00ebsisht p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimeve n\u00eb sistemin sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor, Shqip\u00ebria vazhdon t\u00eb p\u00ebrballet n\u00eb vijm\u00ebsi me problemet q\u00eb lidhen me mbrojtjen financiare t\u00eb personave me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe kategori t\u00eb tjera vulnerab\u00ebl,- p\u00ebrcjell<\/span> VOA.<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n