{"id":617222,"date":"2023-09-19T16:48:53","date_gmt":"2023-09-19T14:48:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=617222"},"modified":"2023-09-19T16:48:53","modified_gmt":"2023-09-19T14:48:53","slug":"pasaportat-e-arta-politike-pa-ekonomi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2023\/09\/19\/pasaportat-e-arta-politike-pa-ekonomi\/","title":{"rendered":"Pasaportat e arta, politike\u0308 pa ekonomi!","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nga Irena Beqiraj<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Kristin Surak, nj\u00eb sociologe politike n\u00eb LSE (Shkolla Ekonomike e Londr\u00ebs), ne\u0308 librin e saj \u201cPasaporta e Art\u00eb; L\u00ebvizshm\u00ebria Globale p\u00ebr Milioner\u00ebt\u201dofron nj\u00eb hulumtim tet\u00ebvje\u00e7ar ne\u0308 gjithe\u0308 vendet qe\u0308 ofrojne\u0308 pashaporta te\u0308 arta. Rreth 22 vende ne\u0308 bote\u0308 kan\u00eb dispozita ligjore q\u00eb\u00a0 lejojne\u0308 marrjen e ne\u0308nshtet\u00ebsin\u00eb ne\u0308 ke\u0308mbim te\u0308 investimeve ,\u00a0 shkruan Surak.<\/span><\/p>\n

Brenda vendeve q\u00eb ofronin shtet\u00ebsi t\u00eb dyfisht\u00eb ose pasaporte\u0308 ne\u0308 ke\u0308mbim\u00a0 te\u0308 investimeve, ato qe\u0308 dominonin tregun ishin vendet pasaporta e te\u0308 cilave munde\u0308sonte l\u00ebvizje m\u00eb t\u00eb lir\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr Europ\u00eb. Malta, edhe Qiproja kane\u0308 qen\u00eb prej koh\u00ebsh vende te\u0308 preferuara , por q\u00eb k\u00ebrkonin investime, donacione bamir\u00ebsie dhe blerje pronash q\u00eb arrijn\u00eb deri shum\u00ebn mbi 1 milion euro. Po ashtu Sllovenia, Sllovakia, Hungaria por edhe Austria, kane\u0308\u00a0 programe te\u0308 pasaportave te\u0308 arta. Por ndryshe nga shum\u00eb programe t\u00eb ngjashme, Austria nuk specifikon sasi investimi; aplikant\u00ebt thjesht mund t\u00eb japin kontribute t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme n\u00eb bamir\u00ebsi ose k\u00ebrkim shkencor p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00ebnshtet\u00ebsin\u00eb. Turqia po ashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb nje\u0308 vend qe\u0308 ofron programin e pasaportave te\u0308 arta ku investimi e\u0308shte\u0308 vet\u00ebm 250,000 dollar\u00eb, edhe sot Turqia \u00ebsht\u00eb duke natyralizuar\u00a0 kryesisht rus\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ari i njollosur!<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb shtator 2022, BE referoi Malt\u00ebn n\u00eb Gjykat\u00ebn e Drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb BE-s\u00eb me argumentin se programi i saj i pasaportave te arta nuk ishte n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me parimin e shteteve an\u00ebtare t\u00eb “bashk\u00ebpunimit t\u00eb sinqert\u00eb”. Gjykimi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb akoma, por BE ka shtuar presionin.\u00a0\u00a0 Bullgaria p\u00ebrfundoi programin e saj t\u00eb n\u00ebnshtet\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr investitor\u00ebt pranver\u00ebn e kaluar; N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti, Irlanda dhe Portugalia njoftuan se do t\u00eb anulonin programet e tyre t\u00eb njohura t\u00eb vizave t\u00eb arta.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngjarjet\u00a0 e viteve te fundit ku\u00a0 rrjedhja e dokumenteve qeveritare t\u00eb vitit 2020 zbuloi se politikan\u00ebt kryesor\u00eb qipriot\u00eb kishin ndihmuar kriminel\u00ebt, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ke\u0308tu edhe njer\u00ebz t\u00eb d\u00ebnuar p\u00ebr mashtrim dhe pastrim parash, t\u00eb blinin shtet\u00ebsin\u00eb\u00a0 \u00e7oi n\u00eb mbylljen e programit te\u0308 pasaportave te\u0308 arta pe\u0308r Qipron.\u00a0 Apo ngjarja e\u00a0 vitit 2018, ku gazetarja Daphne Caruana Galizia u vra nd\u00ebrsa po hetonte korrupsionin e mundsh\u00ebm n\u00eb programin e pasaportave te\u0308 arta\u00a0 p\u00ebr Malt\u00ebn ku Kryeministri Joseph Muscat dha dor\u00ebheqjen pas vdekjes s\u00eb saj, kane bindur Komisionin Europian\u00a0\u00a0 se pasaportat e arta\u00a0 jan\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik sigurie p\u00ebr BE-n\u00eb, sepse ato lejojn\u00eb k\u00ebdo me para t\u00eb mjaftueshme, edhe n\u00ebse nuk ka “lidhje t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb” me kombete BE-s\u00eb te\u0308 natyralizohet ne\u0308 europian.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kombet e tjera kan\u00eb shprehur gjithashtu shqet\u00ebsime p\u00ebr pasaportat dhe vizat e investitor\u00ebve. N\u00eb SHBA, Kanada dhe Australi, shqet\u00ebsimet kryesore lidhen me evazionin fiskal, korrupsionin, shmangien e ekstradimit dhe \u00e7\u00ebshtjet e siguris\u00eb, pastrimin te\u0308 parave dhe ndikimin te\u0308 panevojsh\u00ebm politik.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Then\u00eb ket\u00eb , pasaportat e arta jan\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje shum\u00eb e politizuar . Por p\u00ebrtej risqeve qe\u0308 k\u00ebto programe mund te\u0308 lejojn\u00eb kriminel\u00ebt dhe individ\u00ebt e korruptuar t\u00eb marrin t\u00eb drejtat dhe privilegjet e shtet\u00ebsis\u00eb, shitja e pasaportave dhe vizave mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasoja t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb pad\u00ebshirueshme per\u00a0 ekonomike. Pasoja k\u00ebto qe lidhem me qasjen ndaj kapitalit te\u0308 huaj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qe\u0308 prej vitit 2012 ekonomiste\u0308t kane\u0308 filluar te\u0308 jene\u0308 te\u0308 kujdeshe\u0308m kur flasin pe\u0308r pe\u0308rfitimet ekonomike te\u0308 hyrjeve te\u0308 kapitaleve te\u0308 huaja. Fondi Monetar Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar (FMN) i cili ka qe\u0308ne\u0308 nje\u0308 nga mbe\u0308shtete\u0308sit e\u00a0 rritjes se\u0308 flukseve te\u0308 kapitalit te\u0308 huaj duke shmangur \u00e7do lloj kontrolli mbi mbi to, se\u0308 fundmi ka publikuar nj\u00eb seri dokumentesh politikash t\u00eb titulluar “Rishikimi i pik\u00ebpamjes institucionale mbi liberalizimin dhe menaxhimin e flukseve t\u00eb kapitalit te\u0308 huaj “duke theksuar se vendet duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebdijshme p\u00ebr rreziqet e lidhura me kapitalet e huaja, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb ruajn\u00eb stabilitetin makroekonomik dhe financiar\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nde\u0308rsa ekonomite\u0308 te\u0308 cilat ke\u0308rkojne\u0308 te\u0308 balancoje\u0308 deficitin (kursime- investime) dhe deficitin trege\u0308tar (eksport – Import) hapen ndaj flukseve hyr\u00ebse t\u00eb kapitalit te\u0308 huaj, ne\u0308se ke\u0308to flukse nuk drejtohen atje ku duhet edhe nuk nuk menaxhohen me kujdes krijone\u0308 nje\u0308 problem edhe me\u0308 te\u0308 qe\u0308ne\u0308sishe\u0308m afatgjate\u0308,\u00a0\u00a0 \u201cformimin e nje\u0308 ekonomie jokonkuruese\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

The\u0308ne\u0308 ndryshe shitja e pasaportave ne\u0308 ke\u0308mbim te\u0308 invesimeve te\u0308 huaja pe\u0308rtej benefiteve te\u0308 balancimit te\u0308 deficitit trege\u0308tar sjell pasoja t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb pad\u00ebshirueshme, sidomos ne\u0308 rastet kur\u00a0 investitore\u0308t nuk i drejtojne\u0308 fondet e tyre aty ku ka nevoje\u0308 ekonomia. Pe\u0308rshembull n\u00eb Portugali, vizat e arta\u00a0 kontribuan n\u00eb rritjen gati 3 here\u0308 t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme, duke i be\u0308re\u0308 ato te\u0308 pape\u0308rballueshme pe\u0308r vendasit, pasi investitor\u00ebt p\u00ebr t\u00eb fituar n\u00ebnshtet\u00ebsin\u00eb e kishin m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb drejtonin fondet e tyre tek\u00a0\u00a0 pasurit\u00eb e paluajtshme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nde\u0308rkohe\u0308 nuk ka nevoje\u0308 te\u0308 lexojme\u0308 FMN-ne\u0308, eksperienca jone\u0308 po na tregon qe\u0308 rrjedhja e pakontrolluar edhe e pa drejtuar e kapitalit te\u0308 huaj ne\u0308 ekonomine\u0308 tone\u0308 ka krijuar tanime\u0308 problemin e mbivle\u0308re\u0308simit te\u0308 monedhe\u0308s, dhe uljen e eksporteve duke rezikuar qe\u0308 disa kompani vendase te\u0308 dalin nje\u0308here\u0308 e pe\u0308rgjithmone\u0308 nga tregjet globale. Alokimi i i kapitaleve ne\u0308 aktivitete ekonomike jo produktive, por thjesht ne\u0308 aktivitetet e\u00a0 trasferimit te\u0308 vler\u00ebs sic jan\u00eb invstimet n\u00eb pasuri t\u00eb paluajtshme ,e\u0308shte\u0308 se\u0308mundja nga e cila vuajme\u0308 tanime\u0308. Nde\u0308rkohe\u0308 ne\u0308se vazhdon te\u0308 lejohen hyrjet e vazhdueshme t\u00eb kapitalit te\u0308 cilat kryesisht shkojne\u0308 ne\u0308 nde\u0308rtim apo tregun e pasurive te\u0308 paluajtshme do te\u0308 ruajme\u0308 \u201cstus quo\u201de nje\u0308 ekonomie vibrante ne\u0308 dukje , duke agravuar edhe me\u0308 shume\u0308 pamunde\u0308sine\u0308 pe\u0308r te\u0308 pasur ekonomi konkuruese edhe qe\u0308 funksionon pe\u0308r te\u0308 gjithe\u0308 .<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne\u0308 narrative\u0308n e politike\u0308be\u0308rsve ndihet pasioni edhe nevoja pe\u0308r \u201cqet\u00ebsi afatshkurt\u00ebr\u201d. Ato vazhdojne\u0308 te\u0308 masin performac\u00ebn me nivelin e rritjes se\u0308 fluksve te\u0308 huaja\u00a0 pa u kujdesur pe\u0308r mb\u00ebshtetjen e ve\u0308rtete\u0308 qe\u0308 vjen ekonomise\u0308 nga ky fluks kaptitali duke ke\u0308shtu humbur jo ve\u0308te\u0308m nje\u0308 munde\u0308si pe\u0308r ti kanalizuar ke\u0308to\u00a0 flukse\u00a0 ne\u0308 sektore\u0308 produktive\u0308, por duke e le\u0308ne\u0308 ekonomine\u0308 te\u0308 le\u0308ngojne\u0308 gjate\u0308 nga mungesa e produktivitetit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Cfare\u0308 me\u0308kati, kur be\u0308het vete\u0308m politke\u0308 dhe jo ekonomi !<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Irena Beqiraj Kristin Surak, nj\u00eb sociologe politike n\u00eb LSE (Shkolla Ekonomike e Londr\u00ebs), ne\u0308 librin e saj \u201cPasaporta e Art\u00eb; L\u00ebvizshm\u00ebria Globale p\u00ebr Milioner\u00ebt\u201dofron nj\u00eb hulumtim tet\u00ebvje\u00e7ar ne\u0308 gjithe\u0308 vendet qe\u0308 ofrojne\u0308 pashaporta te\u0308 arta. Rreth 22 vende ne\u0308 bote\u0308 kan\u00eb dispozita ligjore q\u00eb\u00a0 lejojne\u0308 marrjen e ne\u0308nshtet\u00ebsin\u00eb ne\u0308 ke\u0308mbim te\u0308 investimeve ,\u00a0 shkruan […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":30,"featured_media":288265,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-617222","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-editorial"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/617222","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=617222"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/617222\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/288265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=617222"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=617222"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=617222"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}