![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kina.jpg\")
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P\u00ebr dekada me radh\u00eb, Kina fuqizoi ekonomin\u00eb e saj duke investuar n\u00eb fabrika, rrokaqiej dhe rrug\u00eb. Modeli ndezi nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme rritjeje q\u00eb e nxori Kin\u00ebn nga varf\u00ebria dhe e ktheu at\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjigant global, fuqia e t\u00eb cilit n\u00eb eksport u p\u00ebrhap n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb globin.<\/span><\/p>\n Tani modeli \u00ebsht\u00eb i prishur.<\/span><\/p>\n Ajo q\u00eb funksionoi kur Kina kishte sukses ka m\u00eb pak kuptim tani q\u00eb vendi po mbytet n\u00eb borxhe dhe po i mbarojn\u00eb gj\u00ebrat p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar. Pjes\u00eb t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs jan\u00eb t\u00eb mbushura me ura dhe aeroporte t\u00eb pap\u00ebrdorura. Miliona apartamente jan\u00eb t\u00eb pabanuara. Kthimet nga investimet kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm.<\/span><\/p>\n Shenjat e telasheve shtrihen p\u00ebrtej t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb mjerueshme ekonomike t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs n\u00eb provincat e larg\u00ebta, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb Yunnanin n\u00eb jugper\u00ebndim, i cili koh\u00ebt e fundit tha se do shpenzonte miliona dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb objekt t\u00eb ri karantinimi Covid-19, gati sa tre fusha futbolli, pavar\u00ebsisht se Kina ka p\u00ebrfunduar politik\u00ebn e saj \u2018zero-Covid\u2019 muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb, dhe shum\u00eb koh\u00eb pasi bota u largua nga pandemia.<\/span><\/p>\n Lokalitetet e tjera po b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn gj\u00eb. Me investimet private t\u00eb dob\u00ebta dhe eksportet n\u00eb rritje, zyrtar\u00ebt thon\u00eb se nuk kan\u00eb zgjidhje tjet\u00ebr ve\u00e7se t\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb marrin hua dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb stimuluar ekonomit\u00eb e tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n Ekonomist\u00ebt tani besojn\u00eb se Kina po hyn n\u00eb nj\u00eb epok\u00eb rritjeje shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ngadalt\u00eb, e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar nga demografia e pafavorshme dhe nj\u00eb ndarje n\u00eb rritje me SHBA-n\u00eb dhe aleat\u00ebt e saj, e cila po rrezikon investimet e huaja dhe tregtin\u00eb. N\u00eb vend t\u00eb nj\u00eb periudhe dob\u00ebsie ekonomike, kjo mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb zbehja e nj\u00eb epoke t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n “Ne jemi d\u00ebshmitar\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshimi t\u00eb shpejt\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb ka qen\u00eb trajektorja m\u00eb dramatike n\u00eb historin\u00eb ekonomike,”<\/em> tha Adam Tooze, nj\u00eb profesor historie n\u00eb Universitetin e Kolumbias, i specializuar n\u00eb krizat ekonomike.<\/span><\/p>\n Si do duket e ardhmja? Fondi Monetar Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar e vendos rritjen e PBB-s\u00eb s\u00eb Kin\u00ebs n\u00ebn 4% n\u00eb vitet e ardhshme, m\u00eb pak se gjysma e raportit t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e kat\u00ebr dekadave t\u00eb fundit. Capital Economics, nj\u00eb firm\u00eb k\u00ebrkimore me baz\u00eb n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, vler\u00ebson se rritja e tendenc\u00ebs s\u00eb Kin\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsuar n\u00eb 3% nga 5% n\u00eb 2019 dhe do bjer\u00eb n\u00eb rreth 2% n\u00eb 2030.<\/span><\/p>\n Me k\u00ebto ritme, Kina do d\u00ebshtonte t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushte objektivin e vendosur nga Presidenti Xi Jinping n\u00eb vitin 2020 p\u00ebr dyfishimin e madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb ekonomis\u00eb deri n\u00eb vitin 2035. Kjo do ta b\u00ebnte m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebr Kin\u00ebn t\u00eb ngrihej nga radh\u00ebt e tregjeve n\u00eb zhvillim me t\u00eb ardhura mesatare dhe mund t\u00eb n\u00ebnkuptoj\u00eb se Kina kurr\u00eb do e kap\u00ebrcej\u00eb SHBA-n\u00eb si ekonomia m\u00eb e madhe n\u00eb bot\u00eb, ambicia e saj e gjat\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Shum\u00eb parashikime t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb zhb\u00ebrjes ekonomike t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs kan\u00eb humbur shenj\u00ebn. Industrit\u00eb n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb automjeteve elektrike dhe t\u00eb energjis\u00eb s\u00eb rinovueshme t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs jan\u00eb p\u00ebrkujtues i kapacitetit t\u00eb saj p\u00ebr t\u00eb dominuar tregjet. <\/span><\/p>\n Tensionet me SHBA-n\u00eb mund t\u00eb nxisin Kin\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtuar risit\u00eb n\u00eb teknologji t\u00eb tilla si inteligjenca artificiale dhe gjysm\u00ebp\u00ebr\u00e7uesit, duke hapur rrug\u00eb t\u00eb reja rritjeje. Dhe Pekini ka ende leva p\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr p\u00ebr t\u00eb stimuluar rritjen n\u00ebse vendos, si p\u00ebr shembull duke zgjeruar shpenzimet fiskale.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, ekonomist\u00ebt besojn\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht se Kina ka hyr\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb m\u00eb sfiduese, n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn metodat e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb nxitjes s\u00eb rritjes japin kthime n\u00eb r\u00ebnie.<\/span><\/p>\n Disa nga k\u00ebto sforcime ishin t\u00eb dukshme para pandemis\u00eb. Pekini ishte n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb vazhdonte rritjen duke marr\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb hua dhe duke u mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb nj\u00eb treg t\u00eb lul\u00ebzuar t\u00eb banesave, i cili n\u00eb disa vite p\u00ebrb\u00ebnte m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 25% t\u00eb prodhimit t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm bruto t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n Suksesi fillestar i vendit n\u00eb kontrollimin e Covid-19 dhe nj\u00eb rritje e shpenzimeve pandemike nga konsumator\u00ebt amerikan\u00eb, maskuan m\u00eb tej problemet ekonomike t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs. Flluska e banesave \u00ebsht\u00eb shfaqur q\u00eb at\u00ebher\u00eb, k\u00ebrkesa per\u00ebndimore p\u00ebr produktet kineze \u00ebsht\u00eb ulur dhe huamarrja ka arritur nivele t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme.<\/span><\/p>\n Perspektiva \u00ebsht\u00eb err\u00ebsuar ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb muajt e fundit. Aktiviteti i prodhimit \u00ebsht\u00eb tkurrur, eksportet kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb dhe papun\u00ebsia tek t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb ka arritur n\u00eb nivele rekord. Nj\u00eb nga zhvilluesit m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb mbijetuar t\u00eb pronave t\u00eb vendit, Country Garden Holdings, \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb prag t\u00eb nj\u00eb mospagimi t\u00eb mundsh\u00ebm pasi ekonomia e p\u00ebrgjithshme po rr\u00ebshqet n\u00eb deflacion.<\/span><\/p>\n Ngadal\u00ebsim i ngjash\u00ebm me Japonin\u00eb?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Pa nj\u00eb stimul m\u00eb agresiv nga Pekini dhe p\u00ebrpjekje dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb ringjallur rrezikun e sektorit privat, disa ekonomist\u00eb besojn\u00eb se ngadal\u00ebsimi i Kin\u00ebs mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb stanjacion st\u00eb zgjatur t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me at\u00eb q\u00eb Japonia ka p\u00ebrjetuar q\u00eb nga vitet 1990, kur shp\u00ebrthimi i fllusk\u00ebs s\u00eb saj t\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme \u00e7oi n\u00eb vite t\u00eb deflacionit dhe rritjes s\u00eb kufizuar.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, ndryshe nga Japonia, Kina do hynte n\u00eb nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb arrinte statusin e bot\u00ebs s\u00eb pasur, me t\u00eb ardhura p\u00ebr frym\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb posht\u00eb se ekonomit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrparuara. <\/span><\/p>\n T\u00eb ardhurat komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs p\u00ebr person arrit\u00ebn rreth 12,850 dollar\u00eb vitin e kaluar, n\u00ebn pragun aktual prej 13,845 dollar\u00ebsh q\u00eb Banka Bot\u00ebrore e klasifikon si minimumin p\u00ebr nj\u00eb vend \u2018me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb larta\u2019. T\u00eb ardhurat komb\u00ebtare p\u00ebr frym\u00eb t\u00eb Japonis\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2022 ishin rreth 42,440 dollar\u00eb, dhe t\u00eb SHBA-ve rreth 76,400 dollar\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb ekonomi m\u00eb e dob\u00ebt kineze mund t\u00eb d\u00ebmtoj\u00eb gjithashtu mb\u00ebshtetjen popullore p\u00ebr Xi, liderin m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm kinez n\u00eb dekadat e fundit, megjith\u00ebse nuk ka asnj\u00eb tregues aktual t\u00eb opozit\u00ebs s\u00eb organizuar. <\/span><\/p>\n Disa analist\u00eb amerikan\u00eb shqet\u00ebsohen se Pekini mund t’i p\u00ebrgjigjet rritjes m\u00eb t\u00eb ngadalt\u00eb duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb represiv n\u00eb vend dhe m\u00eb agresiv jasht\u00eb vendit, duke rritur rreziqet e konfliktit, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb potencialisht mbi ishullin vet\u00ebqeveris\u00ebs t\u00eb Tajvanit.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb nj\u00eb mbledhje fondesh politike t\u00eb 10 gushtit, presidenti amerikan Biden i quajti problemet ekonomike t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs nj\u00eb \u2018min\u00eb me sahat\u2019 q\u00eb mund t’i nxis\u00eb lider\u00ebt e saj t\u00eb \u2018b\u00ebjn\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb k\u00ebqija\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n Pekini u kund\u00ebrp\u00ebrgjigj me nj\u00eb koment nga Agjencia e tij zyrtare e Lajmeve Xinhua, duke th\u00ebn\u00eb se Biden \u2018ka nd\u00ebrmend t\u00eb njollos\u00eb Kin\u00ebn si pjes\u00eb t\u00eb \u2018strategjis\u00eb s\u00eb tij t\u00eb madhe\u2019 p\u00ebr t\u00eb shuar problemet ekonomike t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs”. Komenti e p\u00ebrshkroi gjithashtu rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjen ekonomike t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs k\u00ebt\u00eb vit si t\u00eb fuqishme, pavar\u00ebsisht disa sfidave.<\/span><\/p>\n Zyrtar\u00ebt kinez\u00eb kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb disa hapa modest\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ringjallur rritjen, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb uljen e normave t\u00eb interesit dhe jan\u00eb zotuar t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00ebse kushtet p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohen. Zyra e Informacionit e K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Shtetit, e cila merret me pyetjet e medias p\u00ebr udh\u00ebheqjen e Kin\u00ebs, nuk iu p\u00ebrgjigj pyetjeve.<\/span><\/p>\n “Disa politikan\u00eb dhe media per\u00ebndimor\u00eb i kan\u00eb ekzagjeruar dhe v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb dukje v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb aktuale n\u00eb rim\u00ebk\u00ebmbjen ekonomike t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs pas Covid,”<\/em> tha nj\u00eb z\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs i Ministris\u00eb s\u00eb Jashtme m\u00eb 16 gusht. “Faktet do tregojn\u00eb se ata e kan\u00eb gabim.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n “Shekulli kinez”<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Tranzicioni sh\u00ebnon nj\u00eb ndryshim mahnit\u00ebs. Kina sfidoi vazhdimisht ciklet ekonomike n\u00eb kat\u00ebr dekada q\u00eb kur Deng Xiaoping filloi nj\u00eb epok\u00eb t\u00eb “reform\u00ebs dhe hapjes” n\u00eb 1978, duke p\u00ebrqafuar forcat e tregut dhe duke hapur Kin\u00ebn drejt Per\u00ebndimit, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebrmes tregtis\u00eb dhe investimeve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/span><\/p>\n Gjat\u00eb asaj periudhe, Kina rriti t\u00eb ardhurat p\u00ebr frym\u00eb 25-fish dhe nxori nga varf\u00ebria m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 800 milion\u00eb kinez\u00eb, sipas Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore – m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 70% e reduktimit total t\u00eb varf\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Kina u zhvillua nga nj\u00eb komb i mb\u00ebrthyer nga uria, n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e dyt\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb bot\u00eb dhe konkurrenti m\u00eb i madh i Amerik\u00ebs p\u00ebr lidershipin.<\/span><\/p>\n Akademik\u00ebt ishin aq t\u00eb magjepsur nga ngritja e Kin\u00ebs, saq\u00eb disa iu referuan nj\u00eb \u2018Shekulli kinez\u2019, me Kin\u00ebn q\u00eb do dominonte ekonomin\u00eb dhe politik\u00ebn bot\u00ebrore, ngjash\u00ebm me at\u00eb si shekulli i 20-t\u00eb njihej si “Shekulli Amerikan”.<\/span><\/p>\n Bumi i Kin\u00ebs u mb\u00ebshtet nga nivele jasht\u00ebzakonisht t\u00eb larta t\u00eb investimeve vendase n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb dhe asete t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb forta, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin rreth 44% t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb \u00e7do vit mesatarisht midis 2008 dhe 2021. Kjo krahasuar me nj\u00eb mesatare globale prej 25% dhe rreth 20% n\u00eb SHBA, sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore.<\/span><\/p>\n Shpenzime t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb r\u00ebnda u b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb mundura pjes\u00ebrisht nga nj\u00eb sistem “represioni financiar” n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin bankat shtet\u00ebrore vendosnin norma t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb depozitave, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thoshte se mund t\u00eb mblidhnin fonde me kosto t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe t\u00eb financonin projekte nd\u00ebrtimi. Kina shtoi dhjet\u00ebra mij\u00ebra kilometra autostrada, qindra aeroporte dhe rrjetin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00eb bot\u00eb t\u00eb trenave me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, me kalimin e koh\u00ebs, provat e mbind\u00ebrtimit u b\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme. Rreth nj\u00eb e pesta e apartamenteve n\u00eb Kin\u00ebn urbane, ose t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 130 milion\u00eb nj\u00ebsi, u vler\u00ebsuan t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb pabanuara n\u00eb vitin 2018, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb disponueshme, sipas nj\u00eb studimi nga Universiteti Jugper\u00ebndimor i Financave dhe Ekonomis\u00eb i Kin\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb stacion hekurudhor me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb Danzhou, nj\u00eb qytet n\u00eb provinc\u00ebn jugore t\u00eb Hainan t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs, kushtoi 5.5 milion\u00eb dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar, por nuk u vu kurr\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim sepse k\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr pasagjer\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb e ul\u00ebt, sipas raporteve t\u00eb mediave kineze. Qeveria e Hainan tha se mbajtja e stacionit t\u00eb hapur do shkaktonte “humbje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha”. P\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur tek pushteti vendor ishin t\u00eb pasuksesshme.<\/span><\/p>\n Guizhou, nj\u00eb nga provincat m\u00eb t\u00eb varfra n\u00eb vend me GDP p\u00ebr frym\u00eb prej m\u00eb pak se 7,200 dollar\u00eb vitin e kaluar, krenohet me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1,700 ura dhe 11 aeroporte, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se numri total i aeroporteve n\u00eb kat\u00ebr qytetet kryesore t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs. Provinca kishte rreth 388 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb borxh t\u00eb papaguar n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2022 dhe n\u00eb prill iu desh t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte ndihm\u00eb nga qeveria qendrore p\u00ebr t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur financat e saj.<\/span><\/p>\n Kenneth Rogoff, nj\u00eb profesor i ekonomis\u00eb n\u00eb Universitetin e Harvardit, tha se rritja ekonomike e Kin\u00ebs t\u00ebrheq paralele me at\u00eb q\u00eb kaluan shum\u00eb ekonomi t\u00eb tjera aziatike gjat\u00eb periudhave t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb urbanizimit t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, si dhe me at\u00eb q\u00eb vendet evropiane si Gjermania p\u00ebrjetuan pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, kur investimet e m\u00ebdha n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00eb nxit\u00ebn\u00a0 rritjen.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, dekadat e mbind\u00ebrtimit n\u00eb Kin\u00eb i ngjan bumit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs n\u00eb Japoni n\u00eb fund t\u00eb viteve 1980 dhe 1990, gj\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7oi n\u00eb mbiinvestime.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cPika kryesore \u00ebsht\u00eb se ata po p\u00ebrballen me kthime n\u00eb r\u00ebnie n\u00eb materialet e nd\u00ebrtimit,\u201d<\/em> tha ai.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cKa kufizime se sa larg mund t\u00eb shkosh me t\u00eb.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n Me kaq shum\u00eb nevoja t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushura, ekonomist\u00ebt vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb se Kina tani duhet t\u00eb investoj\u00eb rreth 9 dollar\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar \u00e7do dollar t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb, nga m\u00eb pak se 5 dollar\u00eb nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb dhe pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 3 dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1990.<\/span><\/p>\n Kthimet n\u00eb asetet nga firmat private kan\u00eb r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb 3.9% nga 9.3% pes\u00eb vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, sipas Bert Hofman, kreu i Institutit t\u00eb Azis\u00eb Lindore t\u00eb Universitetit Komb\u00ebtar t\u00eb Singaporit. Kthimet e kompanive shtet\u00ebrore jan\u00eb t\u00ebrhequr n\u00eb 2.8% nga 4.3%.<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, fuqia pun\u00ebtore e Kin\u00ebs po tkurret dhe rritja e produktivitetit po ngadal\u00ebsohet. Nga vitet 1980 deri n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 2000, fitimet e produktivitetit kontribuan rreth nj\u00eb t\u00eb tret\u00ebn e rritjes s\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb s\u00eb Kin\u00ebs, tregon analiza e Hofman. Ky raport ka r\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb e gjashta n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e fundit.<\/span><\/p>\n Thellimi i borxhit<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Zgjidhja p\u00ebr shum\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb vendit ka qen\u00eb vazhdimi i huamarrjes dhe nd\u00ebrtimit. Borxhi total, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb mbajtur nga nivele t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb dhe kompanive shtet\u00ebrore, u rrit n\u00eb gati 300% t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb s\u00eb Kin\u00ebs q\u00eb nga viti 2022, duke tejkaluar nivelet e SHBA-s\u00eb dhe nga m\u00eb pak se 200% n\u00eb 2012, sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Bank\u00ebs p\u00ebr Zgjidhjet Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare.<\/span><\/p>\n Pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e borxhit u b\u00eb nga qytetet. T\u00eb kufizuar nga Pekini n\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb hua direkt p\u00ebr t\u00eb financuar projekte, ata iu drejtuan mjeteve t\u00eb financimit jasht\u00eb bilancit, borxhet e t\u00eb cilave pritet t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 9 trilion\u00eb dollar\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vit, sipas FMN.<\/span><\/p>\n Rhodium Group, nj\u00eb firm\u00eb k\u00ebrkimore ekonomike me baz\u00eb n\u00eb Nju Jork, vler\u00ebson se vet\u00ebm rreth 20% e firmave financuese t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura nga qeverit\u00eb vendore p\u00ebr financimin e projekteve kan\u00eb rezerva t\u00eb mjaftueshme parash p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur detyrimet e tyre afatshkurtra t\u00eb borxhit, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb obligacionet n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi t\u00eb investitor\u00ebve vendas dhe t\u00eb huaj.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb Yunnan, vendndodhja e qendr\u00ebs gjigante t\u00eb karantin\u00ebs, shpenzimet e r\u00ebnda t\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebs ngrit\u00ebn rritjen p\u00ebr vite me rradh\u00eb. Zyrtar\u00ebt shpenzuan qindra miliarda dollar\u00eb, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ur\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb varur t\u00eb Azis\u00eb, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 6000 milje autostradash dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb aeroporte se shum\u00eb rajone t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb Kin\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Projektet nxit\u00ebn turizmin dhe ndihmuan n\u00eb zgjerimin e tregtis\u00eb s\u00eb produkteve t\u00eb Yunnan, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb duhanin, makinerit\u00eb dhe metalet. Nga viti 2015 deri n\u00eb vitin 2020, Yunnan ishte nj\u00eb nga rajonet me rritjen m\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb n\u00eb Kin\u00eb. Rritja \u00ebsht\u00eb dob\u00ebsuar n\u00eb vitet e fundit. R\u00ebnia e tregut t\u00eb pronave ka goditur r\u00ebnd\u00eb financat lokale, pasi t\u00eb ardhurat nga shitja e tok\u00ebs po shterojn\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Raporti i borxhit ndaj t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb Yunnan u ngjit n\u00eb 151% n\u00eb vitin 2021, duke shkelur nj\u00eb nivel prej 150% t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktuar si alarmant nga FMN dhe nga 108% n\u00eb 2019, sipas Lianhe Ratings, nj\u00eb agjenci kineze vler\u00ebsimi. Fitch Ratings n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti tha se firmat financuese t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorura nga provinca p\u00ebr t\u00eb financuar nd\u00ebrtimin e infrastruktur\u00ebs ishin t\u00eb rrezikshme p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb huave t\u00eb tyre dhe financave t\u00eb tendosura t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, Yunnan ka vazhduar t\u00eb krijoj\u00eb skema t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb vitit 2020, qeveria e Yunnan tha se planifikoi t\u00eb shpenzonte rreth 500 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb n\u00eb qindra projekte infrastrukturore, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb nj\u00eb program m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 15 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb q\u00eb synon devijimin e ujit nga pjes\u00eb t\u00eb lumit Yangtze n\u00eb qendr\u00ebn e that\u00eb t\u00eb provinc\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb plan shkurti i l\u00ebshuar nga Wenshan, nj\u00eb qytet n\u00eb Yunnan, renditi qendr\u00ebn “e p\u00ebrhershme” t\u00eb karantin\u00ebs si nj\u00eb nga disa masa q\u00eb synojn\u00eb nxitjen e stabilitetit ekonomik. Pasi qeveria b\u00ebri zyrtarisht nj\u00eb ofert\u00eb n\u00eb qershor p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin e saj, banor\u00ebt vendas vun\u00eb n\u00eb dyshim p\u00ebrdorimin e fondeve.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201c\u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb humbje kaq e madhe parash\u201d<\/em>, shkroi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrdorues i Weibo, nj\u00eb platform\u00eb e njohur mikroblogimi n\u00eb Kin\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb zyrtar i Yunnan konfirmoi planin p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar objektin e karantin\u00ebs, i cili pritet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundoj\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti, por nuk pranoi t\u00eb komentoj\u00eb m\u00eb tej.<\/span><\/p>\n Kontroll m\u00eb i fort\u00eb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb korridoret e pushtetit t\u00eb Pekinit, zyrtar\u00ebt e lart\u00eb kan\u00eb kuptuar se modeli i rritjes s\u00eb dekadave t\u00eb fundit ka arritur kufijt\u00eb e tij. N\u00eb nj\u00eb fjalim t\u00eb hapur p\u00ebr nj\u00eb brez t\u00eb ri t\u00eb drejtuesve partiak\u00eb vitin e kaluar, Xi vuri n\u00eb sh\u00ebnjest\u00ebr zyrtar\u00ebt q\u00eb mb\u00ebshteteshin te huamarrja p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjeruar aktivitetet ekonomike.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cDisa njer\u00ebz besojn\u00eb se zhvillim do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb investosh n\u00eb projekte dhe t\u00eb rris\u00ebsh investimet\u201d<\/em>, tha ai, nd\u00ebrsa paralajm\u00ebroi, \u2018nuk mund t\u00eb ec\u00ebsh n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e vjet\u00ebr me k\u00ebpuc\u00eb t\u00eb reja\u2019. Xi dhe ekipi i tij deri m\u00eb tani kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb pak p\u00ebr t’u larguar nga modeli i vjet\u00ebr i rritjes s\u00eb vendit.<\/span><\/p>\n Zgjidhja m\u00eb e dukshme, thon\u00eb ekonomist\u00ebt, do ishte q\u00eb Kina t\u00eb zhvendosej drejt nxitjes s\u00eb shpenzimeve konsumatore dhe industrive t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve, t\u00eb cilat do ndihmonin n\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb ekonomie m\u00eb t\u00eb ekuilibruar q\u00eb ngjan m\u00eb shum\u00eb me ato t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb dhe Evrop\u00ebs Per\u00ebndimore. Konsumi familjar p\u00ebrb\u00ebn vet\u00ebm rreth 38% t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb n\u00eb Kin\u00eb, relativisht i pandryshuar n\u00eb vitet e fundit, krahasuar me rreth 68% n\u00eb SHBA, sipas Bank\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore.<\/span><\/p>\n Ndryshimi i k\u00ebsaj do k\u00ebrkonte q\u00eb qeveria e Kin\u00ebs t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerrte masa q\u00eb synojn\u00eb t\u00eb nxisin njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb shpenzojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe t\u00eb kursejn\u00eb m\u00eb pak. Kjo mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb zgjerimin e rrjetit relativisht t\u00eb varf\u00ebr t\u00eb siguris\u00eb sociale t\u00eb Kin\u00ebs me p\u00ebrfitime m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore dhe papun\u00ebsie.<\/span><\/p>\n Xi dhe disa nga \u2018toger\u00ebt\u2019 e tij mbeten dyshues p\u00ebr konsumin e stilit amerikan, t\u00eb cilin ata e shohin si t\u00eb kot\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kur fokusi i Kin\u00ebs duhet t\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb forcimin e aft\u00ebsive t\u00eb saj industriale dhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitjen p\u00ebr konflikte t\u00eb mundshme me Per\u00ebndimin, thon\u00eb njer\u00ebzit me njohuri p\u00ebr vendimmarrjen e Pekinit.<\/span><\/p>\n Udh\u00ebheqja shqet\u00ebsohet gjithashtu se fuqizimi i individ\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb vendime mbi m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si i shpenzojn\u00eb parat\u00eb e tyre mund t\u00eb minoj\u00eb autoritetin shtet\u00ebror, pa prodhuar llojin e rritjes q\u00eb d\u00ebshiron Pekini.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb plan i shpallur n\u00eb fund t\u00eb korrikut p\u00ebr t\u00eb nxitur konsumin u kritikua nga ekonomist\u00ebt si brenda dhe jasht\u00eb Kin\u00ebs p\u00ebr munges\u00eb holl\u00ebsish. Ai sugjeroi nxitjen e ngjarjeve sportive dhe kulturore dhe nxiti nd\u00ebrtimin e m\u00eb shum\u00eb dyqaneve arg\u00ebtuese n\u00eb zonat rurale.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb vend t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nga nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar kontrollin politik, udh\u00ebheqja e Xi ka dyfishuar nd\u00ebrhyrjen e shtetit p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb Kin\u00ebn nj\u00eb fuqi industriale edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe, t\u00eb fort\u00eb n\u00eb industrit\u00eb e favorizuara nga qeveria si gjysm\u00ebp\u00ebr\u00e7uesit, makinat elektrike dhe inteligjenca artificiale.<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrsa ekspert\u00ebt e huaj nuk dyshojn\u00eb se Kina mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb p\u00ebrparim n\u00eb k\u00ebto fusha, ato vet\u00ebm nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb ngritur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar vende pune t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr miliona t\u00eb diplomuar nga universiteti q\u00eb hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb fuqin\u00eb pun\u00ebtore, thon\u00eb ekonomist\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n Pekini ka shpenzuar miliarda dollar\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar industrin\u00eb e gjysm\u00ebp\u00ebr\u00e7uesve t\u00eb vendit dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar var\u00ebsin\u00eb e tij nga Per\u00ebndimi. Kjo ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb prodhimin e zgjeruar t\u00eb \u00e7ipave m\u00eb pak t\u00eb sofistikuar, por jo gjysm\u00ebp\u00ebr\u00e7uesve t\u00eb p\u00ebrparuar t\u00eb prodhuar nga kompani t\u00eb tilla si Ta\u00eb\u00eban Semiconductor Manufacturing. Nd\u00ebr projektet q\u00eb d\u00ebshtuan ishin dy shkritore t\u00eb profilit t\u00eb lart\u00eb q\u00eb mor\u00ebn qindra miliona dollar\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje nga qeveria.<\/span><\/p>\n Jav\u00ebn e kaluar, pik\u00ebrisht kur Pekini publikoi nj\u00eb bresh\u00ebri t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash zhg\u00ebnjyese ekonomike, revista kryesore e partis\u00eb, Qiushi, botoi nj\u00eb fjalim t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nga Xi gjasht\u00eb muaj m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr zyrtar\u00ebt e lart\u00eb, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin lideri theksoi r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrqendrimit te q\u00ebllimet afatgjata n\u00eb vend t\u00eb ndjekjes s\u00eb pasuris\u00eb materiale sipas stilit per\u00ebndimor.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cNe duhet t\u00eb ruajm\u00eb durimin historik dhe t\u00eb k\u00ebmb\u00ebngulim p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrparim t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm, hap pas hapi\u201d<\/em>, tha Xi n\u00eb fjalim.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/kina2.jpg\")
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