{"id":606692,"date":"2023-07-17T19:42:15","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T17:42:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=606692"},"modified":"2023-07-17T19:42:15","modified_gmt":"2023-07-17T17:42:15","slug":"rizbulimi-i-krizes-se-korrupsionit-ne-shqiperi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2023\/07\/17\/rizbulimi-i-krizes-se-korrupsionit-ne-shqiperi\/","title":{"rendered":"Rizbulimi i kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb korrupsionit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

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Nga Olsi Bakalli<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Korrupsioni nd\u00ebr zyrtar\u00ebt e nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb (dhe jo vet\u00ebm) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje thelb\u00ebsisht shqet\u00ebsuese q\u00eb rrezikon themelet e nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie t\u00eb drejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ndershme (kur e kemi). N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, skenari \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht i njohur – kur kapen n\u00eb rrjetin e korrupsionit, k\u00ebta zyrtar\u00eb vazhdimisht pretendojn\u00eb pafaj\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre dhe shprehin bindjen se e v\u00ebrteta do t\u00eb dal\u00eb s\u00eb shpejti. Ky model i p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur ngre pyetje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme lidhur me motivacionet themelore dhe teorit\u00eb q\u00eb hedhin drit\u00eb mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si justifikohet lakmia e k\u00ebtyre zyrtar\u00ebve? Pse ato fillimisht e mohojn\u00eb dhe k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb pafaj\u00ebsin\u00eb? Pse bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebt e tyre (qofshin k\u00ebta edhe epror\u00eb) distancohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme prej tyre? Cilat jan\u00eb zgjidhjet potenciale kur akuzat p\u00ebr korrupsion mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren si mjet p\u00ebr loj\u00eb politike? A ka nj\u00eb nevoj\u00eb t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme p\u00ebr krijimin e sitemeve t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme si hallka vet\u00eb-operuese brenda strukturave t\u00eb qeverisjes?<\/span><\/p>\n

Korrupsioni dhe skandalet nuk jan\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen vet\u00ebm Shqiptar. Ai mund t\u00eb gjendet n\u00eb vendet e zhvillura dhe n\u00eb zhvillim. Korrupsioni shfaqet n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme si shp\u00ebrblim, shp\u00ebrdorim fondesh, shantazh, nepotiz\u00ebm, patronazhim, korrupsion politik, i madh, i vog\u00ebl, koorporativ, gjygj\u00ebsor, policor, mashtrim zgjedhor, deri n\u00eb shkall\u00ebn m\u00eb sip\u00ebrore t\u00eb quajtur lobim.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa asnj\u00eb teori ekonomike nuk mund t\u00eb justifikoj\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht ose t\u00eb miratoj\u00eb lakmin\u00eb e zyrtar\u00ebve t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb n\u00eb korrupsion, ka teori q\u00eb p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb shpjegojn\u00eb motivimet prapa k\u00ebsaj sjelljeje. Nj\u00eb teori e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb teoria e k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb qiras\u00eb, e cila analizon si individ\u00ebt ose grupet k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb p\u00ebrfitime ekonomike p\u00ebrmes mjeteve t\u00eb padukshme. Veprimet e k\u00ebrkimit t\u00eb qiras\u00eb ndodhin kur individ\u00ebt shpenzojn\u00eb burime p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar fitime ekonomike pa krijuar asnj\u00eb vler\u00eb shtes\u00eb. K\u00ebto zyrtar\u00eb mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb shp\u00ebrblime ose komisione n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb favorizimeve, kontratave ose licencave. Mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb pozitat e tyre t\u00eb pushtetit p\u00ebr t\u00eb shp\u00ebrdoruar fonde publike ose burime t\u00eb dedikuara p\u00ebr projekte publike. Em\u00ebrojn\u00eb miq, an\u00ebtar\u00eb t\u00eb familjes, ose bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00eb n\u00eb pozita ky\u00e7e. Dhe duke patur qasje n\u00eb informacion t\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm ose me autoritet rregullator mund t\u00eb angazhohen n\u00eb shk\u00ebmbim t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm ose manipulim t\u00eb tregjeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb prodhuar fitime personale.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb shoq\u00ebri si kjo e jona p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb qeverisjes s\u00eb dob\u00ebt, munges\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegjshm\u00ebris\u00eb, ose zbatimit t\u00eb dob\u00ebt t\u00eb ligjeve kund\u00ebr korrupsionit, kjo praktik\u00eb e normalizuar merr v\u00ebmendje vet\u00ebm kur mediatizohet n\u00ebn kujdesin e vecant\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrball\u00eb d\u00ebshmive, \u00ebsht\u00eb gati e pabesueshme t\u00eb shohim zyrtar\u00ebt e nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb q\u00eb shprehin besim t\u00eb fort\u00eb n\u00eb pafaj\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre. Nj\u00eb teori ekonomike q\u00eb ofron v\u00ebshtrime n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sjellje \u00ebsht\u00eb teoria e racionalizimit, vet\u00ebruajtjes ose e interesave t\u00eb veta, e cila sugjeron se individ\u00ebt angazhohen n\u00eb nj\u00eb proces kognitiv t\u00eb vet\u00ebmbrojtjes p\u00ebr t\u00eb pajtuar veprimet e tyre me kompasin e tyre moral. Sipas k\u00ebsaj teorie, zyrtar\u00ebt e korruptuar mund t\u00eb justifikojn\u00eb veprimet e tyre duke e bindur veten se nuk po angazhohen n\u00eb ndonj\u00eb veprim t\u00eb gabuar. Ata mund t\u00eb arsyetojn\u00eb se veprimet e tyre ishin t\u00eb nevojshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb mir\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme ose se po shfryt\u00ebzonin thjesht nj\u00eb mang\u00ebsi n\u00eb sistem n\u00eb vend t\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjes aktive n\u00eb korrupsion. Kjo mosmarr\u00ebveshje kognitive u lejon atyre t\u00eb distancohen nga faji dhe t\u00eb mbajn\u00eb perceptimin e pafaj\u00ebsis\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbrojtur reputacionin e tyre, pozit\u00ebn sociale dhe interesat personale; ose p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen si strategji ligjore.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pas cdo skandali korrupsionin vihet re nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb p\u00ebr distancim dhe shmangie t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor\u00ebve apo udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve nga zyrtari i korruptuar. Ky fenomoen shpjegohet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet teoris\u00eb s\u00eb seleksionimit t\u00eb d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm dhe teoris\u00eb s\u00eb mbijetes\u00ebs politike ose oportunizmit politik. Seleksionimi i d\u00ebmsh\u00ebm n\u00ebnkupton nj\u00eb situat\u00eb ku nj\u00ebra pal\u00eb posedon m\u00eb shum\u00eb informacion se tjetra, duke krijuar nj\u00eb asimetri t\u00eb informacionit. Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsi mund t\u00eb pretendoj\u00eb padijeni mbi veprimet e zyrtarit t\u00eb korruptuar, distancim p\u00ebr t\u00eb treguar se nuk e miraton nj\u00eb sjellje t\u00eb till\u00eb dhe d\u00ebnim publik t\u00eb aktit. T\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto n\u00eb funskion t\u00eb manaxhimit t\u00eb reputacionit, mbijetes\u00ebs politike dhe ruajtjes s\u00eb aleancave politike dhe ekonomike brenda vendit.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb disa raste, akuzat p\u00ebr korrupsion mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren si mjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb sulmuar kund\u00ebrshtar\u00ebt politik\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb dob\u00ebsuar besimin publik n\u00eb sistemin e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb. Ky manipulim paraqet nj\u00eb sfid\u00eb t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb adresimin efektiv t\u00eb korrupsionit. Zgjidhjet p\u00ebr qasje t\u00eb ekuilibruar n\u00eb t\u00eb tilla raste kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me sigurimin e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe integritetit t\u00eb sistemit gjygj\u00ebsor, themelimin e sistemeve dhe mekanizmave p\u00ebr monitorimin e sjelljes s\u00eb zyrtar\u00ebve t\u00eb lart\u00eb, inkurajimin dhe mbrojtjen e njoftuesve t\u00eb korrupsionit, bash\u00ebpunimi me organizatat nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare dhe inkurajimi i pjes\u00ebmarrjes s\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb civile.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por sigurisht q\u00eb sa m\u00eb sip\u00ebr nuk ndodhin dot pa nj\u00eb sistem t\u00eb konsoliduar vlerash q\u00eb i japin vler\u00eb t\u00eb shtuar sistemeve t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme vet\u00eb operuese brenda struktur\u00ebs qeveris\u00ebse. N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri ku institucionet vuajn\u00eb nga mungesa e pavar\u00ebsis\u00eb, dhe p\u00ebrballen me sfida t\u00eb korrupsionit dhe manipulimit politik, nevoja p\u00ebr sisteme t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme b\u00ebhet edhe m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe zyrtar\u00ebt e korruptuar mund t\u00eb pengojn\u00eb vendosjen dhe funksionimin e k\u00ebtyre sistemeve. Ata mund t\u00eb em\u00ebrojn\u00eb ose promovojn\u00eb individ\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb besnik\u00eb ndaj tyre, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb dhe t\u00eb paansh\u00ebm, duke dob\u00ebsuar edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb sistemet. Ata mund t\u00eb pengojn\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb forcuar transparenc\u00ebn, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsin\u00eb dhe qeverisjen e mir\u00eb, duke penguar progresin n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimin e sistemeve efikase dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatshme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sa m\u00eb sip\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb panorama e kriz\u00ebs s\u00eb korrupsionit n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb e rr\u00ebfyer n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet teorive shpjeguese mbi modelet e korrupsionit, zyrtar\u00ebve, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsve apo sistemeve. Metodat dhe modelet mbeten t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta n\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe hap\u00ebsir\u00eb, por emrat ndryshojn\u00eb. Cdo ngjashm\u00ebri me individ\u00eb real\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e rast\u00ebsishme. Jam i bindur q\u00eb Ju mund t\u00eb keni m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb em\u00ebr p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsues t\u00eb realitetit ton\u00eb politik dhe ekonomik p\u00ebr shpjegimet e m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme teorike. Ndryshimi fillon kur ne t\u00eb mos e pranojm\u00eb m\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen si nj\u00eb normalitet. Mendimi ndryshe sjell refuzim, e ndryshimi i mendimit ndodh vecse n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet arsimimit. Burimi dhe zgjidhja e problemit.<\/span><\/p>\n

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*Shkruar enkas p\u00ebr Hashtag.al<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  Nga Olsi Bakalli Korrupsioni nd\u00ebr zyrtar\u00ebt e nivelit t\u00eb lart\u00eb (dhe jo vet\u00ebm) \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje thelb\u00ebsisht shqet\u00ebsuese q\u00eb rrezikon themelet e nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie t\u00eb drejt\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ndershme (kur e kemi). N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, skenari \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht i njohur – kur kapen n\u00eb rrjetin e korrupsionit, k\u00ebta zyrtar\u00eb vazhdimisht pretendojn\u00eb pafaj\u00ebsin\u00eb e tyre dhe […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":30,"featured_media":606693,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-606692","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-editorial"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/606692","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=606692"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/606692\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/606693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=606692"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=606692"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=606692"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}