{"id":585461,"date":"2023-03-18T13:50:59","date_gmt":"2023-03-18T12:50:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=585461"},"modified":"2023-03-18T13:50:59","modified_gmt":"2023-03-18T12:50:59","slug":"nga-ajnshtajni-te-frojdi-ndikimi-kolosal-i-elites-hebreje","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2023\/03\/18\/nga-ajnshtajni-te-frojdi-ndikimi-kolosal-i-elites-hebreje\/","title":{"rendered":"Nga Ajnshtajni te Frojdi, ndikimi kolosal i elit\u00ebs hebreje","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nga \u201cEl Pais\u201d, Spanj\u00eb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Puna e artist\u00ebve dhe intelektual\u00ebve, prejardhja e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve m\u00eb par\u00eb konsiderohej e par\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ose e rast\u00ebsishme, tani po shqyrtohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb drit\u00eb t\u00eb re.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb debat q\u00eb ka vazhduar p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull, por q\u00eb u ndez n\u00eb vitin 1919 kur sociologu amerikan Thorstein Veblen botoi \u201cEp\u00ebrsia intelektuale e hebrenjve n\u00eb Evrop\u00ebn moderne\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb esse akademike, Veblen diskutoi nocionin tashm\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm dhe t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur statistikisht se shum\u00eb nga zhvillimet transformuese n\u00eb kultur\u00ebn per\u00ebndimore kane kaluar nga duart e disa njer\u00ebzve shum\u00eb t\u00eb talentuar hebrenj.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Fizikanti Albert Ajnashtajn<\/p><\/div>\n

Pa Karl Marksin, Sigmund Freud, Gustav Mahler, Franz Kafka, Albert Einstein apo Hannah Arendt, politika, psikologjia, muzika, let\u00ebrsia, shkenca dhe filozofia do t\u00eb ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lista e fituesve t\u00eb \u00e7mimit Nobel ofron nj\u00eb te dhene statistikore aksiomatike\u2026 pothuajse nj\u00eb e kat\u00ebrta e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fituesve t\u00eb \u00e7mimit Nobel jan\u00eb me origjin\u00eb hebreje. Popullsia hebreje n\u00eb bot\u00eb num\u00ebron rreth 13 milion\u00eb, shtat\u00eb milion\u00eb prej t\u00eb cil\u00ebve jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb Izrael dhe pes\u00eb milion\u00eb n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara. Meqen\u00ebse hebrenjt\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm 0.16% t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb globale, asnj\u00eb grup tjet\u00ebr nuk mund t\u00eb krahasohet me norm\u00ebn e laureat\u00ebve hebrenj t\u00eb Nobelit p\u00ebr 1000 banor\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Ekononomisti Karl Marks<\/p><\/div>\n

Ky fakt i guximsh\u00ebm ka frym\u00ebzuar reflektim dhe teori gjat\u00eb viteve dhe shtron pyetjen n\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb sot. A jan\u00eb hebrenjt\u00eb ende populli i zgjedhur, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket kultur\u00ebs dhe shkenc\u00ebs? Debati aktual nuk ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb aq shum\u00eb n\u00ebse hebrenjt\u00eb kan\u00eb form\u00ebsuar bot\u00ebn moderne, por n\u00ebse ndikimi i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb ende i madh dhe transformues. Studiuesit e kultur\u00ebs hebraike p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht pajtohen se ajo shk\u00eblqeu n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb midis viteve 1750 dhe 1950, periudhe e quajtur Judaiz\u00ebm Modern.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por q\u00eb nga mesi i shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb, perspektivat jan\u00eb turbulluar nga kujtesa e Holokaustit, krijimi i shtetit t\u00eb Izraelit dhe pak\u00ebsimi i komuniteteve hebreje t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs. K\u00ebto dit\u00eb, t\u00eb vetmet komunitete hebreje t\u00eb shumta dhe me ndikim jan\u00eb n\u00eb Franc\u00eb, dhe ato po b\u00ebhen gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla n\u00eb Mbret\u00ebrin\u00eb e Bashkuar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Duhet t\u00eb theksohet se termi \u201chebre\u201d nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrues etnik ose fetar, por vlen p\u00ebr k\u00ebdo me at\u00eb trash\u00ebgimi kulturore ose q\u00eb vet\u00eb-identifikohet si i till\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, shum\u00eb nga hebrenjt\u00eb m\u00eb me ndikim si Marksi, Ajnshtajni dhe Frojdi ishin ateist\u00eb dhe madje mohuan tradit\u00ebn e tyre familjare. Megjithat\u00eb, Norman Lebrecht, autori i \u201cGjeniut dhe Ankthit: Si Ndryshuan Bot\u00ebn Hebrejte (1847-1947)\u201d, argumenton se puna e tyre shfaq tipare n\u00eb thelb hebreje q\u00eb sigurisht jan\u00eb ushqyer n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, ku karakteristikat kulturore m\u00eb t\u00eb thella dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme. u kalohen brezave t\u00eb rinj.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Shkrimtari Franz Kafka<\/p><\/div>\n

Lebrecht shkruan se aforizmat sardonike t\u00eb Ajnshtajnit jan\u00eb padyshim hebraike dhe se teoria psikoanalitike e Frojdit p\u00ebrdor gjasht\u00eb nga 13 parimet e ekzegjez\u00ebs talmudike, pavar\u00ebsisht se \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb nj\u00eb mjedis laik pa ndonj\u00eb edukim fetar. Lebrecht argumenton me terma disi frojdiane se shpik\u00ebsi i psikanaliz\u00ebs mendonte si nj\u00eb rabin, por ishte i pavet\u00ebdijsh\u00ebm, sikur i zhytur nga nj\u00eb lloj osmoze kulturore, ashtu si t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt thon\u00eb: \u201cI dashur Zot!\u201d ose \u201cZoti ju bekoft\u00eb\u201d pasi dikush teshtin edhe pse nuk ka qen\u00eb kurr\u00eb n\u00eb kish\u00eb ose nuk ka hapur nj\u00eb Bib\u00ebl.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lebrecht nuk beson n\u00eb partikularizmin, parimin teologjik se vet\u00ebm disa njer\u00ebz zgjidhen nga Zoti p\u00ebr shp\u00ebtim. Por ai pretendon se elementi hebre \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7el\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar k\u00ebta njer\u00ebz dhe rolet e tyre n\u00eb historin\u00eb njer\u00ebzore. P\u00ebr shembull, megjith\u00ebse Franz Kafka shpesh p\u00ebrshkruhet si nj\u00eb tregimtar absurdist rreth mundimit t\u00eb t\u00eb jetuarit n\u00ebn nj\u00eb shtet shtyp\u00ebs, studiuesi Gershom Scholem pohon se pothuajse \u00e7do avangardiz\u00ebm q\u00eb neofit\u00ebt shohin n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e Kafk\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb i bazuar n\u00eb Kabala. Pavar\u00ebsisht se shkruante n\u00eb gjermanisht dhe ishte produkt i sistemit arsimor gjerman, Kafka sigurisht q\u00eb ishte i njohur me k\u00ebt\u00eb tradit\u00eb t\u00eb misticizmit hebre. Nj\u00eb pagan nga Praga pa at\u00eb sfond kulturor nuk do t\u00eb kishte shkruar t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin lloj tregimesh si Kafka.<\/span><\/p>\n

Vepra e shkrimtar\u00ebve, kultura hebraike e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve m\u00eb par\u00eb konsiderohej e par\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ose e rast\u00ebsishme, tani po shqyrtohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb drit\u00eb t\u00eb re, nj\u00eb drit\u00eb judaizuese. Ky nuk ishte rasti kur ishte gjall\u00eb Joseph Roth i ribotuar shpesh. Pllaka q\u00eb identifikon vendbanimin e tij t\u00eb fundit n\u00eb Paris e quan at\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cshkrimtar austriak\u201d, nj\u00eb mbiem\u00ebr q\u00eb sigurisht nuk do t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret n\u00eb asnj\u00eb pllak\u00eb t\u00eb re.<\/span><\/p>\n

Berta Ares Y\u00e1\u00f1ez botoi koh\u00ebt e fundit nj\u00eb lib\u00ebr mbi ndikimin e Hasidizmit Lindor n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e Joseph Roth-it dhe se si ai shihet m\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb at\u00eb tradit\u00eb fetare-kulturore. Me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, hebraizmi i Roth-it e p\u00ebrcakton at\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr sesa trash\u00ebgimia e tij austriake apo gjermane.<\/span>
\nE nj\u00ebjta lente po aplikohet edhe p\u00ebr autor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb hebrenj si Elias Canetti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ndoshta kjo nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht e palidhur me at\u00eb q\u00eb historiani Enzo Traverso e quajti \u201cfen\u00eb civile\u201d t\u00eb p\u00ebrkujtimit t\u00eb viktimave hebreje t\u00eb nazizmit. Q\u00eb kur kujtimi i Holokaustit u b\u00eb horizonti moral i njer\u00ebzimit dhe Aushvici u b\u00eb sinonim i ferrit n\u00eb Tok\u00eb (p\u00ebr t\u00eb parafrazuar t\u00eb mbijetuar\u00ebn e Holokaustit Elizabeth Roth), i gjith\u00eb kontributi intelektual i hebrenjve \u00ebsht\u00eb riinterpretuar p\u00ebr t\u2019i dh\u00ebn\u00eb faktor\u00ebve kulturor\u00eb dhe fetar\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr pesh\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, Hannah Arendt mbetet nj\u00eb nga filozofet m\u00eb me ndikim dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb lexuar, por nd\u00ebrsa opusi i saj i madh, \u201cOrigjina e totalitarizmit\u201d (1951), ka qen\u00eb disi i diskredituar, disa nga librat e saj m\u00eb pak t\u00eb njohur rreth Judaizmit po ngjallin interes t\u00eb ri \u2013 librat si \u201cHebreu si Pariah\u201d (1978) dhe \u201c Rachel Varnhagen: Jeta e nj\u00eb gruaje hebreje\u201d (1957).<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Psikologi Sigmund Freud<\/p><\/div>\n

Enzo Traverso dhe studiues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb argumentojn\u00eb se kultura hebraike ra pas vitit 1950. \u201cIzraeli i ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb fund Judaizmit Modern\u201d, shkruan Traverso n\u00eb \u201cFundi i Modernitetit Hebre\u201d (2016).<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cDiaspora hebreje ishte nd\u00ebrgjegjja kritike e bot\u00ebs per\u00ebndimore. Izraeli mbijeton si nj\u00eb nga mjetet e tij t\u00eb dominimit.\u201d<\/span><\/p>\n

Lebrecht nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb aq p\u00ebrfundimtar. \u201cLindja e shtetit t\u00eb Izraelit sh\u00ebnon fillimin e nj\u00eb kapitulli t\u00eb ri, jo fundin e historis\u00eb.\u201d Sido q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb, Izraeli padiskutim p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson nj\u00eb pauz\u00eb n\u00eb histori q\u00eb vazhdon t\u00eb politizoj\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr\u00e7aj\u00eb studiuesit. \u00c7do analiz\u00eb e ndikimit hebre n\u00eb bot\u00ebn bashk\u00ebkohore \u00ebsht\u00eb e pashmangshme e mbushur me emocionet e ngjallura nga ekzistenca e Izraelit, p\u00ebr mir\u00eb ose p\u00ebr keq, por zakonisht p\u00ebr keq.<\/span>
\nJudeizmi mund t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb m\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor transformues, por \u00ebsht\u00eb larg nga t\u00eb qenit i par\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb imagjinohet kultura e gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 20-t\u00eb pa filmat e Woody Allen dhe Steven Spielberg, apo romanet e Philip Roth. Dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u2019i ndash k\u00ebta burra nga identiteti i tyre hebre.<\/span><\/p>\n

Filmi m\u00eb i fundit i Spielberg, \u201cThe Fabelmans\u201d, tregon historin\u00eb intime dhe gjysm\u00eb-autobiografike t\u00eb nj\u00eb djali hebre q\u00eb rritet n\u00eb nj\u00eb Amerik\u00eb t\u00eb pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore ende e shenjuar nga antisemitizmi. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, nj\u00eb nga shkrimtar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb lexuar dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb diskutuar n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb sot \u00ebsht\u00eb Delphine Horvilleur, rabinja e par\u00eb e Franc\u00ebs, nj\u00eb sioniste e penduar dhe mike e Simone Veil, e cila ishte nj\u00eb nga figurat m\u00eb me ndikim t\u00eb Evrop\u00ebs bashk\u00ebkohore m\u00eb vete (dhe tema e fundit e Filmi dramatik biografik francez, Simone: Gruaja e Shekullit).<\/span><\/p>\n

Krijimi i shtetit t\u00eb Izraelit nuk e ka mbytur krijimtarin\u00eb dhe as nuk e ka shuar analiz\u00ebn kritike. D\u00ebshmi t\u00eb shumta e mb\u00ebshtesin k\u00ebt\u00eb, si apeli universal i librave t\u00eb Amos Oz, ose nj\u00eb industri televizive izraelite me ndikim global, ose kontributet e vazhdueshme hebreje n\u00eb industrin\u00eb e arg\u00ebtimit dhe kultur\u00ebn popullore.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Regjisori Steven Spielberg<\/p><\/div>\n

Studiot n\u00eb Tel Aviv ndihen si epoka e art\u00eb e Hollivudit kur manjat\u00ebt hebrenj t\u00eb filmit Samuel Goldwyn dhe kat\u00ebr v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Warner sundonin industrin\u00eb. Por n\u00ebse dikush d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb ndikimin e Izraelit n\u00eb shekullin e 20-t\u00eb dhe fillimin e shekullit t\u00eb 21-t\u00eb, thjesht lexoni \u201cInside Story\u201d (2020) nga Martin Amis, nj\u00eb tregim i trilluar i marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnies s\u00eb Amis me tre shkrimtar\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj hebrenj \u2013 Philip Larkin, Saul Bellow dhe Christopher Hitchens.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mendimi i ndikimit historik t\u00eb popullit hebre \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkim i pafund dhe vazhdon t\u00eb frym\u00ebzoj\u00eb shkrime t\u00eb reja dhe debate akademike q\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb tejkalojn\u00eb kampuset universitare. Judenjt\u00eb mund t\u00eb mos ndryshojn\u00eb m\u00eb bot\u00ebn, por ata ende po e detyrojn\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb mendoj\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\n

VINI RE<\/strong>:<\/span> Artikulli \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00eb intelektuale e Tirana Diplomat<\/strong><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgatiti n\u00eb Shqip: <\/span>Saimir Z. Kadiu, enciklopedist<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga \u201cEl Pais\u201d, Spanj\u00eb Puna e artist\u00ebve dhe intelektual\u00ebve, prejardhja e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve m\u00eb par\u00eb konsiderohej e par\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme ose e rast\u00ebsishme, tani po shqyrtohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb drit\u00eb t\u00eb re. \u00cbsht\u00eb nj\u00eb debat q\u00eb ka vazhduar p\u00ebr m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb shekull, por q\u00eb u ndez n\u00eb vitin 1919 kur sociologu amerikan Thorstein Veblen botoi \u201cEp\u00ebrsia […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":32,"featured_media":585462,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-585461","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ballina","category-te-fundit"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/585461","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=585461"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/585461\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/585462"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=585461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=585461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=585461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}