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P\u00ebr shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz, t\u00eb jetosh n\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet do t\u00eb thot\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrballesh me trafikun e lodhsh\u00ebm, metrot\u00eb e mbushura dhe nd\u00ebrtesat imponuese. Por koncepti gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb popullor i planifikimit urban i njohur si \u2018qyteti 15-minut\u00ebsh\u2019 ka ringjallur iden\u00eb e q\u00ebndrueshme se ata duhet t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb n\u00eb shkall\u00eb njer\u00ebzore, duke parashikuar nj\u00eb qytet ku \u00e7do banor mund t\u00eb arrij\u00eb burimet thelb\u00ebsore me k\u00ebmb\u00eb, bi\u00e7iklet\u00eb ose transport publik brenda nj\u00eb \u00e7erek ore.<\/span><\/p>\n Zyrtar\u00ebt e qytetit dhe planifikuesit urban\u00eb kan\u00eb miratuar qytetin 15-minut\u00ebsh si nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar ndryshimet klimatike, nd\u00ebrsa pandemia solli p\u00ebrfitimet e af\u00ebrsis\u00eb me leht\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe rrug\u00ebt e sh\u00ebtitshme, dhe shkaktoi nj\u00eb \u2018rritje t\u00eb interesit\u2019 p\u00ebr konceptin, sipas Zaheer Allam, nj\u00eb strateg urban dhe bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor n\u00eb Universitetin Deakin n\u00eb Australi.<\/span><\/p>\n Tom Logan, nj\u00eb pedagog n\u00eb inxhinierin\u00eb civile dhe t\u00eb burimeve natyrore n\u00eb Universitetin e Canterbury, tha se qyteti 15-minut\u00ebsh ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me fleksibilitetin, jo me kufizimet.<\/span><\/p>\n “E gjith\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtja \u00ebsht\u00eb t’u jepet njer\u00ebzve mund\u00ebsia q\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb ecin me bi\u00e7iklet\u00eb p\u00ebr gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb u nevojiten dhe kjo i liron ata t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera,”<\/em> tha ai p\u00ebr The Post.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb dini.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n \u00c7far\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb qytet 15 minut\u00ebsh?<\/span><\/p>\n Koncepti i vendos \u2018njer\u00ebzit dhe mir\u00ebqenien e tyre si q\u00ebllimin kryesor t\u00eb organizimit urban\u2019, shkroi n\u00eb nj\u00eb email Carlos Moreno, nj\u00eb urbanist dhe profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Sorbon\u00ebs n\u00eb Paris, i cili vler\u00ebsohet me shpikjen e termit n\u00eb vitin 2016. Ideja \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2018t\u00eb nxisim q\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebrin\u00eb dhe sh\u00ebndetin duke pak\u00ebsuar var\u00ebsin\u00eb nga makina dhe duke rritur aktivitetin fizik\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n Kryebashkiakja e Parisit Anne Hidalgo e b\u00ebri konceptin shtyll\u00ebn kurrizore t\u00eb fushat\u00ebs s\u00eb saj t\u00eb suksesshme t\u00eb rizgjedhjes 2020. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur gjithashtu n\u00eb forma t\u00eb ndryshme n\u00eb qytete t\u00eb tilla si synimi 30-minut\u00ebsh i qytetit t\u00eb Sidneit dhe vizioni i Singaporit p\u00ebr t’u b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb \u2018qytet 45 minut\u00ebsh me lagjje 20 minut\u00ebshe\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n Termi \u00ebsht\u00eb relativisht i ri, por ideja pas tij nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb. Qytetet 15-minut\u00ebshe jan\u00eb \u2018bazuar shum\u00eb n\u00eb atributet q\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur si flamur\u00eb t\u00eb projektimit n\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, dometh\u00ebn\u00eb aksesueshm\u00ebria, ecshm\u00ebria, dend\u00ebsia, p\u00ebrzierja e p\u00ebrdorimit t\u00eb tok\u00ebs dhe diversiteti i dizajnit\u2019, tha Georgia Pozoukidou, nj\u00eb profesore e planifikimit t\u00eb qytetit n\u00eb Universitetin Aristotele t\u00eb Selanikut.<\/span><\/p>\n Qyteti modern 15-minut\u00ebsh mb\u00ebshtetet n\u00eb pjes\u00ebmarrjen e qytetar\u00ebve dhe parashikon vende q\u00eb \u2018rrisin nd\u00ebrveprimin social dhe kultivojn\u00eb nj\u00eb ndjenj\u00eb komuniteti, sigurie, krenarie dhe identiteti\u2019, tha Pozoukidou.<\/span><\/p>\n Ku mund t\u00eb gjendet nj\u00eb i till\u00eb?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Dhjetra qytete n\u00eb mbar\u00eb bot\u00ebn kan\u00eb p\u00ebrqafuar zyrtarisht dhe joformalisht element\u00ebt e qytetit 15-minut\u00ebsh, megjith\u00ebse rregullat e tij nuk jan\u00eb t\u00eb hekurta.<\/span><\/p>\n “Koncepti duhet par\u00eb si nj\u00eb grup parimesh udh\u00ebzuese q\u00eb qytetet mund t’i p\u00ebrshtatin dhe zbatojn\u00eb p\u00ebr nevojat dhe sfidat e tyre specifike,”<\/em> tha Allam n\u00eb Universitetin Deakin.<\/span><\/p>\n Parisi \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shembujt m\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendur. Qasja \u2018ville du quart d’heure\u2019 e Hidalgo – ose qyteti \u00e7erek or\u00ebsh – ka par\u00eb rrug\u00eb t\u00eb mbyllura p\u00ebr automjetet p\u00ebr t’i dh\u00ebn\u00eb p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi k\u00ebmb\u00ebsor\u00ebve, investime n\u00eb transportin publik dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime n\u00eb korsit\u00eb e bi\u00e7ikletave dhe programet e ndarjes s\u00eb bi\u00e7ikletave n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebmjaftueshme komunitetet brenda rretheve t\u00eb qytetit. <\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb Barcelon\u00eb, nj\u00eb koncept i ngjash\u00ebm i quajtur \u2018superblloku\u2019 ka marr\u00eb hov, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Kopenhagen, lagja Nordhavnen aspiron t\u00eb b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb qytet 5-minut\u00ebsh.<\/span><\/p>\n Portland, Ore., ishte nj\u00eb adoptues i hersh\u00ebm i ides\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 2009, Plani i Veprimit p\u00ebr Klim\u00ebn e qytetit vendosi nj\u00eb synim q\u00eb 90 p\u00ebr qind e banor\u00ebve t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb ecin ose t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin me bi\u00e7iklet\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbushur nevojat jopune deri n\u00eb vitin 2030.<\/span><\/p>\n Plani i Melburnit, i nisur n\u00eb vitin 2017, synon t\u00eb riimagjinoj\u00eb qytetin australian gjat\u00eb tre dekadave t\u00eb ardhshme, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb banor\u00ebt mund t\u00eb \u2018jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb vend\u2019 dhe t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb u nevojitet n\u00eb nj\u00eb udh\u00ebtim 20-minut\u00ebsh vajtje-ardhje. Dhe Shanghai ka paraqitur nj\u00eb koncept t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm t\u00eb quajtur \u201815 minuta rrethet e jetes\u00ebs n\u00eb komunitet\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n \u00c7far\u00eb thon\u00eb ithtar\u00ebt e qytetit 15-minut\u00ebsh?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Ekspert\u00ebt n\u00eb favor t\u00eb konceptit thon\u00eb se ai ka p\u00ebrfitime si p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin publik ashtu edhe p\u00ebr planetin. Duke reduktuar nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr makina dhe duke konsoliduar burimet n\u00eb hap\u00ebsira urbane m\u00eb kompakte, qytetet 15-minut\u00ebshe kan\u00eb ndotje m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb karbonit, nxisin veprimtari fizike t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetshme dhe promovojn\u00eb nd\u00ebrveprimin shoq\u00ebror midis an\u00ebtar\u00ebve t\u00eb komunitetit, thon\u00eb ata.<\/span><\/p>\n Ka \u2018nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb madhe provash q\u00eb tregojn\u00eb se drejtimi i makin\u00ebs dhe q\u00ebndrimi ulur n\u00eb mbipopullim kan\u00eb efekte v\u00ebrtet negative n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin fizik\u2019, tha Logan, profesor i Universitetit t\u00eb Canterbury-t. Zvog\u00eblimi i koh\u00ebs s\u00eb udh\u00ebtimit do t\u00eb thot\u00eb \u2018mund ta kaloni at\u00eb koh\u00eb duke shkuar n\u00eb palest\u00ebr ose duke u shoq\u00ebruar me miqt\u00eb ose duke punuar p\u00ebr gj\u00ebra t\u00eb tjera\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs publike mund t\u00eb sjell\u00eb p\u00ebrfitime gjithashtu n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb unike te f\u00ebmij\u00ebt, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kan\u00eb p\u00ebrvoja t\u00eb pasura gjat\u00eb ecjes n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb, dhe t\u00eb moshuarit, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt shpesh mbeten t\u00eb izoluar n\u00eb qytetet q\u00eb kan\u00eb n\u00eb qend\u00ebr makinat, shtoi ai.<\/span><\/p>\n Pse disa nuk e p\u00eblqejn\u00eb konceptin?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Disa kritik\u00eb argumentojn\u00eb se nj\u00eb qytet 15-minut\u00ebsh mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb mbyt\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb fakt t\u00eb rris\u00eb izolimin. N\u00eb nj\u00eb postim n\u00eb blog t\u00eb vitit 2021 n\u00eb faqen e internetit t\u00eb London School of Economics, Ed\u00ebard Glaeser, nj\u00eb ekonomist urban n\u00eb Harvard, shkruan se qyteti 15-minut\u00ebsh \u00ebsht\u00eb \u2018nj\u00eb enklav\u00eb – nj\u00eb geto – nj\u00eb n\u00ebnndarje\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n Ai argumenton se koncepti i pengon qytetet t\u00eb funksionojn\u00eb si \u2018motor\u00eb mund\u00ebsish\u2019 dhe i kufizon njer\u00ebzit me prejardhje t\u00eb ndryshme q\u00eb t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb shtigjet. \u2018Aspektet e tij t\u00eb mira\u2019 duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrqafohen, shkruan ai \u2013 duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb qasjen dhe l\u00ebvizjen m\u00eb pak me makina – por \u2018t\u00eb varrosin iden\u00eb e nj\u00eb qyteti q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i ndar\u00eb n\u00eb pjes\u00eb 15-minut\u00ebshe\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n Ulja e \u00e7lirimit t\u00eb karbonit gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb – pjes\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb bllokimeve dhe njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb u detyruan ose zgjodh\u00ebn t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb koh\u00eb n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi – shkaktoi diskutime mbi p\u00ebrpjekjet e m\u00ebtejshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar kriz\u00ebn klimatike, mes tyre \u2018Rivendosja e Madhe\u2019 e Forumit Ekonomik Bot\u00ebror. <\/span><\/p>\n Kjo nism\u00eb ka ndezur akuza n\u00eb lidhje me bllokimet e af\u00ebrta t\u00eb stilit pandemik p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar ndryshimin e klim\u00ebs – dhe koncepti 15-minut\u00ebsh i qytetit \u00ebsht\u00eb kapur n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb spekulim, p\u00ebr t\u00eb cilin ekspert\u00ebt e planifikimit urban dhe zyrtar\u00ebt qeveritar\u00eb theksojn\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb i pav\u00ebrtet\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Kur k\u00ebshilli i qytetit t\u00eb Oksfordit n\u00eb Angli njoftoi n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit t\u00eb kaluar se do merrte masa p\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar bllokimin e trafikut, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesish t\u00eb rrjeteve sociale u p\u00ebrpoq\u00ebn ta lidhnin p\u00ebrpjekjen me planin e ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb qytetit 15-minut\u00ebsh t\u00eb k\u00ebshillit dhe pretendimin se banor\u00ebt do ishin t\u00eb kufizuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb rreze prej 15 minutash t\u00eb sht\u00ebpive t\u00eb tyre dhe t\u00eb mbikqyrur – duke \u00e7uar n\u00eb protesta n\u00eb qytet. Nj\u00eb ligjv\u00ebn\u00ebs konservator e \u00e7oi k\u00ebt\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje n\u00eb Parlament, duke i quajtur qytetet 15-minut\u00ebshe nj\u00eb \u2018koncept socialist nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtar\u2019.<\/span><\/p>\n Moreno, profesori i Sorbon\u00ebs, theksoi se lider\u00ebt n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb spektrin politik, nga Buenos Aires n\u00eb Busan, kan\u00eb promovuar iden\u00eb e qyteteve 15-minut\u00ebshe.<\/span><\/p>\n “Nuk ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me parandalimin e l\u00ebvizjes, por p\u00ebr t’i dh\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb l\u00ebvizur,”<\/em> shkroi Moreno p\u00ebr Washington Post.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cKa t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me ndalimin e udh\u00ebtimeve t\u00eb gjata dhe t\u00eb lodhshme q\u00eb detyrohen nga modeli i tanish\u00ebm urban.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/ezgif.com-gif-maker-1-1.jpg\")
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