{"id":580482,"date":"2017-02-16T13:11:32","date_gmt":"2017-02-16T12:11:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=580482"},"modified":"2023-02-20T13:15:51","modified_gmt":"2023-02-20T12:15:51","slug":"aurel-plasari-si-e-beri-vettingun-adolf-hitleri-ose-mbi-shtetin-e-dyfishte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2017\/02\/16\/aurel-plasari-si-e-beri-vettingun-adolf-hitleri-ose-mbi-shtetin-e-dyfishte\/","title":{"rendered":"Aurel Plasari: Si e b\u00ebri \u201cVETTINGUN\u201d Adolf Hitleri ose mbi \u201cshtetin e dyfisht\u00eb\u201d","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Nga Aurel Plasari<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

Kur bie shi dhe kur skam nge shkruaj n\u00eb FaceBook nga nj\u00eb rekomandim leximi, q\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve u duket ese. \u201cErnst Fraenkel, Shteti i dyfisht\u00eb – Nj\u00eb kontribut n\u00eb teorin\u00eb e diktatur\u00ebs\u201d, New York 2010 (Oxford University Press): \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr e hershme, e botuar p\u00ebr s\u00eb pari m\u00eb 1941, jasht\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb, pik\u00ebrisht kur regjimi nazist i Rajhut t\u00eb Tret\u00eb ndodhej n\u00eb pikun e vet.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mir\u00ebpo ajo ribotohet dendur dhe n\u00eb shum\u00eb gjuh\u00eb, sepse vler\u00ebsohet nd\u00ebr referencat m\u00eb t\u00eb domosdoshme, si vep\u00ebr q\u00eb zbuloi dhe e shpalli sheshit, se qysh lind e instalohet nj\u00eb diktatur\u00eb. Ve\u00e7an p\u00ebr ne shqiptar\u00ebt, q\u00eb prej p\u00ebrjetimeve tona mund t\u00eb pandehim \u2013 gabimisht \u2013 se nj\u00eb diktatur\u00eb vjen e vendoset vet\u00ebm n\u00eb rrethanat specifike, mbas nj\u00eb pushtimi a nj\u00eb lufte, si rrjedhoj\u00eb e \u201cfitores\u201d s\u00eb nj\u00eb force politike, e cila imponohet si regjim diktatorial, \u00e7far\u00eb edhe ndodhi n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, etj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Politologu gjerman Ernst Frankel (1898-1975) na tregon, q\u00eb nuk ndodh vet\u00ebm ashtu si\u00e7 mund ta dinim deri dje: nj\u00eb diktatur\u00eb mund t\u00eb instalohet edhe n\u00eb koh\u00eb paqeje, edhe n\u00eb rrethana kushtetuese t\u00eb nj\u00eb pushteti t\u00eb arritur me vota, i cili fillon t\u00eb cenoj\u00eb e t\u00eb cungoj\u00eb lirit\u00eb kushtetuese.<\/span><\/p>\n

At\u00ebher\u00eb shtetasit ndodhen p\u00ebrball\u00eb nj\u00eb situate t\u00eb deformuar: kur shteti i tyre nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb tyre, por n\u00eb funksion vet\u00ebm e vet\u00ebm t\u00eb nj\u00eb pushteti, cilido qoft\u00eb ai. Nd\u00ebr teknikat e larmishme t\u00eb grushtit t\u00eb shtetit \u00ebsht\u00eb fjala p\u00ebr nj\u00eb grusht shteti mjaft origjinal: q\u00eb nuk jepet nga jasht\u00eb pushtetit, p\u00ebr ta rr\u00ebzuar at\u00eb, por nga vet\u00eb pushteti p\u00ebr t\u2019iu imponuar shtetasve n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jokushtetuese.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ta lexosh sot \u201cShtetin e dyfisht\u00eb\u201d t\u00eb Fraenkel-it i bie t\u00eb jesh lexues me fat, posa q\u00eb ngjarjet n\u00eb ndodhje e sip\u00ebr n\u00eb \u201cTurqin\u00eb mike\u201d dhe n\u00eb Rumanin\u00eb \u201cromantike\u201d t\u00eb japin dor\u00eb si nj\u00eb ilustrim me ngjyra i nj\u00eb deformimi t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me at\u00eb q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruhet te \u201cShteti i dyfisht\u00eb\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Madje shejnit\u00eb e kufizimit t\u00eb lirive kushtetuese dallohen sot aty-k\u00ebtu edhe n\u00eb vende t\u00eb cil\u00ebsuara si demokratike t\u00eb Bashkimit Evropian me shkasin e mbrojtjes s\u00eb shtetasve nga \u201crreziqe potenciale\u201d, si p\u00ebr shembull terrorizmi. Sepse gjithnj\u00eb duhet gjetur nj\u00eb shkas. Si e thoshte Don Kishoti i Nolit? \u201cDo t\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7kallmonj, ve\u00e7 sa t\u00eb gjenj nj\u00eb sebep\u2026\u201d.Fraenkel-i ballafaqon n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e tij dy entitete shtet\u00ebrore: nj\u00eb Shtet normativ (Normenstaat), i mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb kushtetut\u00ebn e vendit dhe legjislacionin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs, dhe nj\u00eb shtet paralel q\u00eb e ka quajtur \u201cMa\u00dfnahmenstaat\u201d, i cili mbetet n\u00eb politologji koncept i tij origjinal.<\/span><\/p>\n

Duke qen\u00eb term i ri dhe jo i leht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u p\u00ebrkthyer, anglishtja e ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb me \u201cPrerogative State\u201d, fr\u00ebngjishtja me \u201c\u00c9tat discr\u00e9tionnaire\u201d, italishtja me \u201cStato discrezionale\u201d. Shqip mund t\u00eb thuhej \u201cShtet i masave t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta\u201d, \u201cShtet i masave t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme\u201d ose thjesht \u201cShtet i mas\u00ebmarrjes\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Jan\u00eb partit\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet ato q\u00eb synojn\u00eb ta prodhojn\u00eb nj\u00eb shtet t\u00eb till\u00eb paralel brenda shtetit kushtetues. Dhe shtetasit, kur u ndodh tjet\u00ebrsimi ndaj shtetit, q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb kur shteti u duket si di\u00e7ka e dh\u00ebn\u00eb \u201cnga lart\u201d, q\u00eb nuk e kan\u00eb krijuar ata vet\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019u sh\u00ebrbyer po atyre vet\u00eb, u shp\u00ebton fakti q\u00eb shteti si krijim historik nuk ka qen\u00eb dhe nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb dhe as mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb produkt i partive.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kreu \u201cPartia si instrument i shtetit t\u00eb masave t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme\u201d n\u00eb librin e Fraenkel-it p\u00ebrb\u00ebn nj\u00ebrin nga krer\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb kuptuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr lexues si tan\u00ebt. N\u00eb Rajhun e Tret\u00eb goditja Shtetit normativ iu dha n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb akti t\u00eb njohur si \u201cKarta e Jasht\u00ebzakonshme Kushtetuese\u201d, m\u00eb sakt\u00eb e em\u00ebrtuar \u201cDekreti p\u00ebr Mbrojtjen e Popullit dhe t\u00eb Shtetit\u201d i 28 shkurtit 1933.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ishte nj\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrje dinake n\u00eb kushtetut\u00ebn gjermane, shpallur n\u00eb form\u00eb dekreti mbas djegies s\u00eb Rajhshtagut \u2013 pra me t\u2019u gjetur shkasi \u2013 dhe p\u00ebrb\u00ebhej nga tri seksione, t\u00eb cilat autori i ka botuar n\u00eb Shtojcat e librit.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu filloi n\u00eb Gjermanin\u00eb naziste kontrolli i sistemit gjyq\u00ebsor nga partia n\u00eb pushtet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet policis\u00eb politike, instrument tipik i \u201cshtetit t\u00eb masave t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme\u201d: Ma\u00dfnahmenstaat. Nuk u p\u00ebrdor termi anglosakson vetting, mbase ngaq\u00eb anglosakson\u00ebt qen\u00eb \u201carmiq\u201d t\u00eb Rajhut t\u00eb Tret\u00eb. T\u00eb drejtat e nj\u00eb individi do t\u00eb vareshin nga vler\u00ebsimi politik q\u00eb i b\u00ebhej atij.<\/span><\/p>\n

Deri edhe nj\u00eb dokument fillestar, p\u00ebr shembull certifikata e lindjes, mund t\u00eb mos jepej, n\u00ebse nuk miratohej nga policia politike. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet k\u00ebsaj teknike \u201cshteti i masave t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme\u201d zuri t\u00eb ve\u00e7onte mes shtetasve t\u00eb shtetit normativ ata q\u00eb llogariteshin \u201carmiq\u201d n\u00eb baz\u00eb arsyesh politike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dhe nuk qe m\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje individ\u00ebsh: fjala ishte p\u00ebr mas\u00ebmarrje qart\u00ebsisht arbitrare ndaj grupesh popullsie t\u00eb paracaktuara si \u201carmiq t\u00eb regjimit\u201d. Si t\u00eb till\u00eb, \u201carmiqt\u00eb e regjimit\u201d do t\u00eb asgj\u00ebsoheshin edhe ekonomikisht etj.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"1\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Ekzistimi kushtetues i lirive mbetej n\u00eb fuqi, p\u00ebr sy e faqe i pacenuar, nd\u00ebrsa ekzistimi i tyre n\u00eb realitetin e p\u00ebrditsh\u00ebm gjerman ishte asgj\u00ebsuar kryek\u00ebput dhe \u201csovraniteti popullor\u201d kishte mbetur nj\u00eb fjal\u00eb goje. Kishte edhe gjerman\u00eb q\u00eb rezistuan, q\u00eb nuk u pajtuan, q\u00eb protestuan dhe madje u flijuan duke l\u00ebn\u00eb kokat p\u00ebr ta mbrojtur shtetin normativ.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00eb tjer\u00eb u lavir\u00ebn duke u treguar t\u00eb paq\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm. E shumta rezultuan t\u00eb pakuraj\u00eb, e mbyll\u00ebn goj\u00ebn me w\u00fcrstel dhe e shuan etjen me birr\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb. Ndoshta edhe u k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuan e shantazhuan, af\u00ebrmendsh me forma t\u00eb asaj kohe, ngaq\u00eb asomoti SMS-t\u00eb nuk ekzistonin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Se n\u00eb \u00e7\u2019katastrof\u00eb historike e shpuri popullin gjerman kjo dyfish\u00ebsi shtet\u00ebrore, kur \u201cshteti i masave t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme\u201d ia doli ta n\u00ebp\u00ebrk\u00ebmbte shtetin normativ, kjo po dihet. Gjerman\u00ebt, q\u00eb shfaj\u00ebsohen se e p\u00ebsuan duke u z\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb befasi, e meritojn\u00eb t\u2019ua kujtosh th\u00ebnien e njohur t\u00eb ustallar\u00ebve t\u00eb materializmit historik t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur p\u00ebr sa t\u00eb tjer\u00eb: kombit dhe gruas nuk u falet \u00e7asti i dob\u00ebsis\u00eb kur edhe aventurieri i par\u00eb mund t\u2019i v\u00ebr\u00eb posht\u00eb e t\u2019i p\u00ebrdhunoj\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri ndiqet me interes gjith\u00eb sa ndodh n\u00eb Turqi, mbas t\u00eb quajturit grusht shteti t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr shkas, \u2013 si thoshte Don Kishoti i Nolit p\u00ebr sebepin? \u2013 ose gjith\u00eb sa zhvillohet prej dy jav\u00ebsh n\u00eb Rumani, ky interes vet\u00ebm n\u00eb dukje i tepruar kot i shqet\u00ebson disa shkrues portalesh. Interesi i mir\u00ebfillt\u00eb nuk ka t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb me t\u00eb qenit \u201cv\u00ebllez\u00ebr\u201d ose \u201cjov\u00ebllez\u00ebr\u201d me turqit e sot\u00ebm, as me simpatin\u00eb e posa\u00e7me p\u00ebr \u201crevolucionar\u00ebt\u201d rumun\u00eb q\u00eb rr\u00ebzuan diktatur\u00ebn m\u00eb 1989.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sentimente t\u00eb tilla, edhe n\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb, nuk jan\u00eb jetike p\u00ebr qytetar\u00ebt shqiptar\u00eb, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb thelbi. Zhvillimet turke, si dhe ato rumune kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me dhunimin e lirive kushtetuese dhe deformimin sulltanor t\u00eb shtetit normativ: ato ndiqen me v\u00ebmendje ashtu si\u00e7 ndiqet nj\u00eb fantazm\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb vjen rrotull dhe q\u00eb nj\u00eb dit\u00eb prej dit\u00ebsh rrezikon t\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7alltis\u00eb edhe ty brenda n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ja: prej Ernst Fraenkel-it mund t\u00eb m\u00ebsohet tanim\u00eb, q\u00eb kjo fantazm\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht \u201cshteti i masave t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme\u201d. Zgjatja m\u00eb tej me ndonj\u00eb kapic\u00eb shembujsh aktualizues \u2013 ata po b\u00ebhen tanim\u00eb anekdotik\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb e \u201cvettingut\u201d \u2013 nuk do t\u00eb kishte kuptim, p\u00ebrderisa ky k\u00ebtu nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7se nj\u00eb rekomandim leximi p\u00ebr librin e politologut Ernst Fraenkel: \u201cThe Dual State: A Contribution to the Theory of Dictatorship\u201d, New York 2010 (Oxford University Press). Dhe leximi dihet q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje lirie individuale: si e lexoj un\u00eb nuk e lexon ti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Me interes \u00ebsht\u00eb, q\u00eb tekste t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb mos mbeten pa u lexuar, pa le t\u00eb lexohen edhe ndryshe. Vet\u00eb e rekomandoj me besimin se p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt \u201cshteti i masave t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme\u201d \u2013 n\u00eb kuptimin Ma\u00dfnahmenstaat t\u00eb z. Fraenkel \u2013 nuk ka sesi t\u00eb jet\u00eb e ardhmja: ai \u00ebsht\u00eb e shkruara q\u00eb e shumta jon\u00eb e kemi p\u00ebrjetuar nj\u00ebher\u00eb dhe q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb refuzuar duke ia kthyer shpin\u00ebn. Sa p\u00ebr ata q\u00eb nuk parap\u00eblqejn\u00eb t\u00eb lexojn\u00eb, edhe ata jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn e tyre: aty e kan\u00eb got\u00ebn e birr\u00ebs dhe le t\u00eb han\u00eb w\u00fcrstel-in.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Aurel Plasari Kur bie shi dhe kur skam nge shkruaj n\u00eb FaceBook nga nj\u00eb rekomandim leximi, q\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve u duket ese. \u201cErnst Fraenkel, Shteti i dyfisht\u00eb – Nj\u00eb kontribut n\u00eb teorin\u00eb e diktatur\u00ebs\u201d, New York 2010 (Oxford University Press): \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vep\u00ebr e hershme, e botuar p\u00ebr s\u00eb pari m\u00eb 1941, jasht\u00eb Gjermanis\u00eb, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":51,"featured_media":344836,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-580482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580482","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=580482"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/580482\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/344836"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=580482"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=580482"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=580482"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}