{"id":545731,"date":"2022-08-30T22:37:05","date_gmt":"2022-08-30T20:37:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/?p=545731"},"modified":"2022-08-30T23:17:13","modified_gmt":"2022-08-30T21:17:13","slug":"ndahet-nga-jeta-ne-moshen-92-vjecare-mikhail-gorbaccov","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2022\/08\/30\/ndahet-nga-jeta-ne-moshen-92-vjecare-mikhail-gorbaccov\/","title":{"rendered":"I dha fund Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb, ndahet nga jeta n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 92-vje\u00e7are Mikhail Gorba\u00e7ov","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Ish-lideri i fundit i Bashkimit Sovjetik, i njohur se i dha fund Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb me SHBA-n\u00eb dhe realizoi reform\u00ebn e njohur si ‘perestrojka’, Mikhail Gorba\u00e7ov \u00ebsht\u00eb ndar\u00eb nga jeta n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 92-vje\u00e7are.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ai ka nd\u00ebrruar jet\u00eb n\u00eb spital, shkruan Reuters.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lideri i tet\u00eb dhe i fundit i Bashkimit Sovjetik, ai ishte Sekretar i P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i Partis\u00eb Komuniste t\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik nga viti 1985 deri n\u00eb vitin 1991. Ai ishte gjithashtu kreu i shtetit nga viti 1988 deri n\u00eb 1991, duke sh\u00ebrbyer si kryetar i Presidiumit t\u00eb Sovjeti Suprem nga viti 1988 deri n\u00eb 1989, kryetar i Sovjetit Suprem nga viti 1989 deri n\u00eb 1990 dhe president i Bashkimit Sovjetik nga 1990 deri n\u00eb 1991.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edhe pse i p\u00ebrkushtuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur shtetin sovjetik dhe p\u00ebr idealet e tij socialiste, Gorba\u00e7ovi besonte se reforma dometh\u00ebn\u00ebse ishte e nevojshme, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht pas katastrof\u00ebs s\u00eb \u00c7ernobilit t\u00eb vitit 1986. Ai u t\u00ebrhoq nga Lufta Sovjetike-Afgane dhe filloi takimet me presidentin e Shteteve t\u00eb Bashkuara Ronald Reagan p\u00ebr t\u00eb kufizuar arm\u00ebt b\u00ebrthamore dhe p\u00ebr t’i dh\u00ebn\u00eb fund Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb. Brenda vendit, politika e tij e glasnostit (“hapjes”) lejoi rritjen e liris\u00eb s\u00eb fjal\u00ebs dhe shtypit, nd\u00ebrsa perestrojka e tij (“ristrukturimi”) u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb decentralizonte vendimmarrjen ekonomike p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar efikasitetin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gorba\u00e7ovi refuzoi t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhynte ushtarakisht kur vende t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb Bllokut Lindor braktis\u00ebn qeverisjen marksiste-leniniste n\u00eb vitet 1989-1990. N\u00eb brend\u00ebsi, ndjenjat nacionaliste n\u00eb rritje k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuan t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebnin Bashkimin Sovjetik, duke i shtyr\u00eb pal\u00ebt e vij\u00ebs s\u00eb ashp\u00ebr marksiste-leniniste t\u00eb nisnin grushtin e pasuksessh\u00ebm t\u00eb gushtit kund\u00ebr Gorba\u00e7ovit n\u00eb vitin 1991. N\u00eb vazhd\u00ebn e k\u00ebsaj, Bashkimi Sovjetik u shp\u00ebrb\u00eb kund\u00ebr d\u00ebshir\u00ebs s\u00eb Gorba\u00e7ovit dhe ai dha dor\u00ebheqjen. Pas largimit nga detyra, ai themeloi Fondacionin e tij Gorbachev, u b\u00eb nj\u00eb kritik i z\u00ebsh\u00ebm i president\u00ebve rus\u00eb Boris Yeltsin dhe Vladimir Putin dhe b\u00ebri fushat\u00eb p\u00ebr l\u00ebvizjen social-demokratike t\u00eb Rusis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kush ishte Mikhail Gorba\u00e7ov?<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mikhail Gorba\u00e7ov ishte Sekretari i fundit i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i Bashkimit Sovjetik. Ai solli ndryshime masive ekonomike, sociale dhe politike dhe ndihmoi n\u00eb dh\u00ebnien fund t\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik dhe Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

F\u00ebmij\u00ebria e Gorba\u00e7ovit<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mikhail Gorba\u00e7ov u lind n\u00eb fshatin e vog\u00ebl t\u00eb Privolnoye (n\u00eb Territorin e Stavropolit) nga Sergei dhe Maria Panteleyvna Gorba\u00e7ov.<\/span><\/p>\n

Prind\u00ebrit e tij dhe gjysh\u00ebrit e tij kishin qen\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fermer\u00eb para programit kolektivizues t\u00eb Jozef Stalinit. Me t\u00eb gjitha fermat n\u00eb pron\u00ebsi t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb, babai i Gorba\u00e7ovit shkoi t\u00eb punonte si shofer i nj\u00eb autokombajne. Gorba\u00e7ovi ishte dhjet\u00eb vje\u00e7 kur nazist\u00ebt pushtuan Bashkimin Sovjetik n\u00eb vitin 1941. Babai i tij shkoi ushtar n\u00eb ushtrin\u00eb sovjetike.<\/span><\/p>\n

Kolegji, martesa dhe Partia Komuniste<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Gorba\u00e7ovi aplikoi n\u00eb Universitetin Shtet\u00ebror Shtet\u00ebror t\u00eb Mosk\u00ebs ku studioi p\u00ebr jurisprudenc\u00eb. Teksa ishte n\u00eb universitet, Gorba\u00e7ovi u b\u00eb an\u00ebtar i Partis\u00eb Komuniste m\u00eb 1952. Atje ai u takua dhe ra n\u00eb dashuri me Raisa Titorenko, i cili ishte nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr student n\u00eb universitet. N\u00eb vitin 1953, t\u00eb dy u martuan dhe n\u00eb vitin 1957 lindi i vetmi f\u00ebmij\u00eb i \u00e7iftit, nj\u00eb vajz\u00eb me emrin Irina.<\/span><\/p>\n

Fillimi i karrier\u00ebs politike<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Pas diplomimit t\u00eb Gorba\u00e7ovit, ai dhe Raisa u kthyen n\u00eb territorin e Stavropolit. N\u00eb Stavropol, Gorba\u00e7ovi shpejt u ngrit n\u00eb radh\u00ebt e Komsomol dhe m\u00eb pas mori nj\u00eb pozicion n\u00eb Partin\u00eb Komuniste. Gorba\u00e7ovi mori promovimin pas promovimit deri n\u00eb vitin 1970 ai arriti pozicionin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb territor, at\u00eb t\u00eb Sekretarit t\u00eb par\u00eb.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vitin 1978, Gorba\u00e7ovi, 47 vje\u00e7, u em\u00ebrua Sekretar i Bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb Komitetin Qendror. M\u00eb tej ai u ngrit n\u00eb radh\u00ebt e partis\u00ebq dhe n\u00eb vitin 1980, ai ishte b\u00ebr\u00eb an\u00ebtari m\u00eb i ri i Politburo-ut (komiteti ekzekutiv i Partis\u00eb Komuniste n\u00eb Bashkimin Sovjetik). <\/span><\/p>\n

Duke punuar ngusht\u00eb me Sekretarin e P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm Yuri Andropov, Gorba\u00e7ovi synoi t\u00eb b\u00ebhej Sekretar i P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm. Megjithat\u00eb, kur Andropovi vdiq n\u00eb detyr\u00eb, Gorba\u00e7ovi e humbi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e mori Konstantin Chernenko. Por kur Chernenko vdiq n\u00eb detyr\u00eb vet\u00ebm 13 muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb, Gorba\u00e7ov, vet\u00ebm 54 vje\u00e7, u b\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs i Bashkimit Sovjetik. N\u00eb 11 mars 1985, Gorba\u00e7ovi u b\u00eb Sekretari i P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm i Komitetit Qendror t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Komuniste t\u00eb Bashkimit Sovjetik. <\/span><\/p>\n

Duke besuar fuqimisht q\u00eb Bashkimi Sovjetik kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr liberalizim masiv me q\u00ebllim q\u00eb t\u00eb ringjallte ekonomin\u00eb dhe shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb sovjetike, Gorba\u00e7ovi menj\u00ebher\u00eb filloi zbatimin e reformave t\u00eb njohura si glasnost dhe perestrojka. <\/span><\/p>\n

Me r\u00ebnien e perandoris\u00eb sovjetike, Gorba\u00e7ovi ndihmoi n\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb sistemi t\u00eb ri qeverisjeje, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb krijimin e nj\u00eb presidenti dhe fundin e monopolit t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Komuniste si nj\u00eb parti politike. <\/span><\/p>\n

Prej 19 gushtit deri m\u00eb 21 gushtit 1991, nj\u00eb grup i ngusht\u00eb i Partis\u00eb Komuniste u p\u00ebrpoq t\u00eb b\u00ebnte nj\u00eb grusht shteti dhe e vuri Gorba\u00e7ovin n\u00ebn arrest sht\u00ebpiak. Duke u p\u00ebrballur me presione nga grupet e tjera q\u00eb donin m\u00eb shum\u00eb demokratizim, Gorba\u00e7ovi dha dor\u00ebheqjen nga posti i tij si president i Bashkimit Sovjetik m\u00eb 25 dhjetor 1991, nj\u00eb dit\u00eb para se Bashkimi Sovjetik t\u00eb shp\u00ebrb\u00ebhej zyrtarisht. Jeta pas Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb dy dekadat q\u00eb nga dor\u00ebheqja e tij, Gorba\u00e7ovi ka mbetur aktiv. N\u00eb janar 1992, ai krijoi dhe u b\u00eb president i Fondacionit Gorba\u00e7ov, i cili analizon ndryshimet shoq\u00ebrore, ekonomike dhe politike q\u00eb po ndodhin n\u00eb Rusi dhe punon p\u00ebr t\u00eb promovuar idealet humaniste. N\u00eb vitin 1993, Gorba\u00e7ovi u themelua dhe u b\u00eb president i organizat\u00ebs mjedisore t\u00eb quajtur Green Cross International. N\u00eb vitin 1996, Gorba\u00e7ovi kandidoi p\u00ebr presidenc\u00ebn e Rusis\u00eb, por ai mori vet\u00ebm pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb votave.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ish-lideri i fundit i Bashkimit Sovjetik, i njohur se i dha fund Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Ftoht\u00eb me SHBA-n\u00eb dhe realizoi reform\u00ebn e njohur si ‘perestrojka’, Mikhail Gorba\u00e7ov \u00ebsht\u00eb ndar\u00eb nga jeta n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 92-vje\u00e7are. Ai ka nd\u00ebrruar jet\u00eb n\u00eb spital, shkruan Reuters. Lideri i tet\u00eb dhe i fundit i Bashkimit Sovjetik, ai ishte Sekretar i P\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":51,"featured_media":545732,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-545731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-nderkombetare"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=545731"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/545731\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/545732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=545731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=545731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=545731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}