{"id":454939,"date":"2021-06-06T08:15:06","date_gmt":"2021-06-06T06:15:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hashtag.al\/?p=454939"},"modified":"2021-06-06T08:23:23","modified_gmt":"2021-06-06T06:23:23","slug":"covid-19-shton-depresionin-ne-vend-rritet-ndjeshem-konsumi-i-qetesuesve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2021\/06\/06\/covid-19-shton-depresionin-ne-vend-rritet-ndjeshem-konsumi-i-qetesuesve\/","title":{"rendered":"Covid-19 shton depresionin n\u00eb vend, rritet ndjesh\u00ebm konsumi i qet\u00ebsuesve","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Izolimi, papun\u00ebsia, pasiguria financiare ndikuan r\u00ebnd\u00eb n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien mendore t\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzve vitin e shkuar. Rastet n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb depresionit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, si dhe shtimi i importeve t\u00eb sedativ\u00ebve japin kambana alarmi mbi efektet afatgjata n\u00eb produktivitet, mir\u00ebqenie dhe ekonomin\u00eb e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb\u2026<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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Nj\u00eb duzin\u00eb njer\u00ebzish q\u00ebndronin n\u00eb radh\u00eb, t\u00eb shkujdesur, me z\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb dhe me padurimin p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer vizit\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb Poliklinik\u00ebn Qendrore n\u00eb kryeqytet. Shqet\u00ebsimi i t\u00eb cil\u00ebve lexohet edhe posht\u00eb maskave. \u201cSecili ka halle t\u00eb ndryshme\u201d, m\u00eb thot\u00eb mjekja psikiat\u00ebr, Arjana Rreli, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn e prita thuajse dy or\u00eb. \u201cFluksi \u00ebsht\u00eb i till\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb, por vihet re nd\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar ndihm\u00eb, sidomos pas pandemis\u00eb\u201d- vijon znj. Rreli.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht zhvillimeve moderne n\u00eb mjek\u00ebsi, koronavirusi ka shkaktuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1 milion vdekje t\u00eb raportuara n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se nj\u00eb vit n\u00eb bot\u00eb. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 numrit t\u00eb t\u00eb vdekurve, pandemia ka shkaktuar probleme t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme emocionale, fizike dhe ekonomike, n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Fazat e hershme t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb n\u00eb marsin e vitit t\u00eb shkuar dhe bllokimet m\u00eb pas ishin t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme. Izolimi, papun\u00ebsia, kujdesi p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe sfida t\u00eb tjera ndikuan r\u00ebnd\u00eb n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien mendore t\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, k\u00ebtu jemi, nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb. Si po ia dalim? Efektet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore fizike t\u00eb COVID-19 dhe vdekjet e panum\u00ebrta q\u00eb ka shkaktuar pandemia kan\u00eb qen\u00eb dhe vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruese n\u00eb shkall\u00eb globale. Sidoqoft\u00eb, sh\u00ebndeti mendor i njer\u00ebzve n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb globin mori nj\u00eb goditje.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nuk b\u00ebri p\u00ebrjashtim as Shqip\u00ebria. Njer\u00ebzit ishin t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr ndikimin emocional q\u00eb humbja e t\u00eb dashurve do t\u00eb kishte mbi veten dhe mbi miqt\u00eb, familjar\u00ebt. Shum\u00eb e kishin t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ta p\u00ebrballonin izolimin, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt e kishin t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb humbjes s\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe pasiguris\u00eb financiare, mbylljes s\u00eb bizneseve. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, studimet kan\u00eb zbuluar stresues t\u00eb tjer\u00eb, duke shtuar ngarkesat emocionale t\u00eb individ\u00ebve, si izolimi social, papun\u00ebsia dhe humbjet ekonomike. Gjithashtu, puna nga sht\u00ebpia, nd\u00ebrsa do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kujdeseshin p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe pjes\u00ebtar\u00ebt e tjer\u00eb t\u00eb familjes, ishte nj\u00eb arsye m\u00eb shum\u00eb e shtimit t\u00eb stresit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sipas mjekes psikiat\u00ebr, Arjana Rreli, numri i pacient\u00ebve q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet mjek\u00ebsore \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur n\u00eb tre vitet e fundit, por doktoresha pohon se situata n\u00eb realitet \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00eb, pasi shoq\u00ebria ende nuk ka kultur\u00ebn e mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb te mjeku dhe m\u00eb pas trajtimin e nevojsh\u00ebm. Znj. Rreli thot\u00eb se nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri e stresuar nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb produktive dhe krijon predispozit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrthithur edhe pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs, sidomos me efektet q\u00eb l\u00eb brenda familjes. Sipas saj, mendohet shum\u00eb dhe veprohet p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb tjera, por s\u00ebmundja e mendjes \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr s\u00ebmundjet m\u00eb t\u00eb kushtueshme, me ndikime negative n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebrie.<\/span><\/p>\n

Grupe q\u00eb p\u00ebrpara pandemis\u00eb kan\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb pozit\u00eb t\u00eb brisht\u00eb psikologjikisht apo fizikisht, jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikuara nga s\u00ebmundjet mendore, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb prirje p\u00ebr abuzim me alkool dhe substanca t\u00eb ndryshme. \u201cNjer\u00ebzit u privuan nga k\u00ebnaq\u00ebsit\u00eb e vogla t\u00eb jet\u00ebs dhe nga ritet e traditat e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, si lindjet, martesat, vdekjet. Dhe mbi t\u00eb gjitha mungesa e informacionit dhe e siguris\u00eb s\u00eb rikthimit n\u00eb ritmin normal t\u00eb jet\u00ebs, shtoi stresin, ankthin e m\u00eb pas, depresionin te shqiptar\u00ebt\u201d \u2013 thot\u00eb mjekja Rreli.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Aty ku ishim nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Pandemia detyroi disa njer\u00ebz t\u00eb punojn\u00eb dhe t\u00eb ekspozohen ndaj virusit, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt p\u00ebrfituan nga puna n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. N\u00eb fillim t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb, disa njer\u00ebz g\u00ebzuan masa m\u00eb t\u00eb qeta bllokimi (n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb vendit n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ndodheshin), nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt ndiheshin m\u00eb t\u00eb sigurt nga izolimi i rrept\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, efektet mendore t\u00eb bllokimit nuk vonuan shum\u00eb t\u00eb shfaqeshin: Njer\u00ebzit raportuan se ndiheshin m\u00eb t\u00eb trazuar, m\u00eb t\u00eb stresuar, m\u00eb t\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuar dhe m\u00eb t\u00eb pagjum\u00eb. Studimet e konfirmuan k\u00ebt\u00eb. Raporti i p\u00ebrpiluar nga Urdhri i Psikolog\u00ebve Shqiptar\u00eb, p\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn 23 mars \u2013 10 maj 2020, tregon se jan\u00eb marr\u00eb n\u00eb total 756 telefonata n\u00eb rreth 50 dit\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim psikologjik online pa pages\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00eb dy dit\u00ebt e para t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit, kemi pasur nj\u00eb fluks m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb telefonatave nga individ\u00eb meshkuj, tendenc\u00eb e cila u p\u00ebrmbys menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas dit\u00ebve t\u00eb para. N\u00eb p\u00ebrfundim t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimit, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e personave q\u00eb k\u00ebrkuan asistenc\u00eb ishin femra, 70% n\u00eb total. Sikund\u00ebr do t\u00eb shohim edhe m\u00eb posht\u00eb n\u00eb grafikun e mosh\u00ebs, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e qytetar\u00ebve q\u00eb k\u00ebrkuan ndihm\u00eb ishin n\u00ebna t\u00eb reja. Kemi konstatuar se kjo kategori ka qen\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb t\u00eb prekurat nga izolimi.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave konstatohet se ato kan\u00eb menaxhuar nj\u00ebher\u00ebsh: m\u00ebsimet online t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, mir\u00ebmbajtjen e sht\u00ebpis\u00eb, kujdesin ndaj familjes n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi, si dhe ngarkesat q\u00eb kan\u00eb ardhur si pasoj\u00eb e shk\u00ebputjes nga aktiviteti i pun\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme apo mungesa e koh\u00ebs p\u00ebr veten. P\u00ebrpos k\u00ebtyre angazhimeve dhe problematikave t\u00eb p\u00ebrditshme, shtohet edhe ngarkesa e ardhur specifikisht nga frika e COVID-19\u201d \u2013 pohon kreu i Urdhrit t\u00eb Psikolog\u00ebve t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, znj. Valbona Treska.<\/span><\/p>\n

Raporti tregon, sipas saj, se numri i ul\u00ebt i telefonatave nga meshkujt mund t\u00eb vij\u00eb, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, edhe si pasoj\u00eb e mentalitetit dhe tendenc\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbajtur p\u00ebr vete shqet\u00ebsimet emocionale, gj\u00eb q\u00eb rrit riskun e mosmarrjes n\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs p\u00ebr problematika t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim, gjinia fem\u00ebrore vler\u00ebsohet se e ka pasur m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb aksesin te psikologu.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cLidhur me mosh\u00ebn e individ\u00ebve, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt raportojn\u00eb se kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb ngarkes\u00eb emocionale n\u00eb k\u00ebta muaj karantine, kemi nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje q\u00eb n\u00eb total shkon deri n\u00eb 74% p\u00ebr mosh\u00ebn deri n\u00eb 35 vje\u00e7, me p\u00ebrqindjen m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb raportuar nga mosha 30-35 vje\u00e7. Edhe pse mosha m\u00eb e rrezikuar nga COVID-19 ka qen\u00eb mbi 60 vje\u00e7, v\u00ebm\u00eb re nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje thuajse t\u00eb pallogaritshme n\u00eb total t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj moshe q\u00eb kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar ndihm\u00eb. Nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr faktor\u00ebt q\u00eb ne kemi analizuar p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs mbi 50 vje\u00e7 q\u00eb ka k\u00ebrkuar ndihm\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe mentaliteti jo i hapur ndaj profesionit t\u00eb psikologut n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi, apo edhe i aksesit n\u00eb rrjetet sociale e web, p\u00ebr t\u00eb evidentuar listat e psikolog\u00ebve\u201d \u2013 thuhet n\u00eb raport.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cKemi pasur shtim t\u00eb fluksit t\u00eb konsultave t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuara nga adoleshent\u00eb. Mungesa e fashave t\u00eb orareve p\u00ebr ta, p\u00ebr t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga banesa, frika nga COVID, problematika t\u00eb hasura me m\u00ebsimin online, mungesa e kontakteve t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta sociale t\u00eb domosdoshme p\u00ebr nj\u00eb adoleshent, t\u00eb cilat u jan\u00eb mbivendosur problematikave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs, kan\u00eb rezultuar me nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb nevoj\u00ebs p\u00ebr konsulta me psikologun. Ky rezultat, vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb kamban\u00eb alarmi dhe se i duhet kushtuar ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht v\u00ebmendje k\u00ebsaj grupmoshe me politika sociale dhe aktivitete me fokus mir\u00ebqenien e tyre psikologjike\u201d \u2013 thot\u00eb znj. Treska.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sipas raportit, tre qarqet me numrin m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr k\u00ebshillim psikologjik gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe jan\u00eb: Lezha me 23.7%, Tirana me 22.1% dhe Durr\u00ebsi, me 19.4%. Kjo e dh\u00ebn\u00eb, sipas tyre, v\u00ebrteton faktin se popullata q\u00eb ka p\u00ebrjetuar t\u00ebrmetin e 26 n\u00ebntorit, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e rrezikuar p\u00ebr problematika t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor. Trauma e Covid-19 i mbivendoset traum\u00ebs s\u00eb patrajtuar t\u00eb shkaktuar nga t\u00ebrmeti.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lidhur me problematikat, raporti tregon se, ka pasur nj\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje shum\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb konsultave, t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb specifikisht p\u00ebr probleme me ankthin, t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruara, rast pas rasti, edhe me atak paniku.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cPjesa m\u00eb e madhe e telefonuesve e ka lidhur ankthin e gjeneruar nga situata e pandemis\u00eb, me at\u00eb t\u00eb gjeneruar nga t\u00ebrmeti i 26 n\u00ebntorit. Ankthi ka qen\u00eb problematika d\u00ebrrmuese e referuar dhe e konsultuar nga psikolog\u00ebt. Edhe n\u00eb studimet e m\u00ebparshme t\u00eb b\u00ebra mbi efektet e karantinimit n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb bot\u00ebs, si n\u00eb Kin\u00eb apo Kanada n\u00eb vitin 2003 p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb SARS, apo n\u00eb disa fshatra t\u00eb Afrik\u00ebs n\u00eb vitin 2014 p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb shp\u00ebrthimit t\u00eb Ebol\u00ebs, ankthi, ngarkesa emocionale apo \u00e7rregullime t\u00eb gjumit te popullata, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb nd\u00ebr problematikat m\u00eb t\u00eb referuara. N\u00eb k\u00ebto kushte, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat q\u00eb jan\u00eb gjeneruar p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb, krahasuar edhe me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e p\u00ebrftuara nga t\u00eb tjera studime t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme n\u00eb popullata m\u00eb t\u00eb kufizuara, ishin t\u00eb pritshme\u201d \u2013 thuhet n\u00eb raport.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ajo q\u00eb vihet re n\u00eb raport, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb referim i shpesht\u00eb i problematikave bashk\u00ebshortore, t\u00eb cilat shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin 8% t\u00eb totalit t\u00eb telefonatave.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNe vler\u00ebsojm\u00eb se karantinimi ka p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar dhe nxjerr\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb pah konflikte mes bashk\u00ebshort\u00ebve te familje, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat kontradiktat kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb pranishme prej koh\u00ebsh. N\u00eb familjet p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetshme p\u00ebrpara CIVID-19, kjo problematik\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb hasur n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb larta\u201d \u2013 thuhet n\u00eb raport.<\/span><\/p>\n

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ISHP: Prevalenca e problemeve mendore po rritet<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Depresioni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb problem sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor shum\u00eb i shpesht\u00eb n\u00eb popullat\u00eb. Vler\u00ebsohet se rreth 1 n\u00eb 4 persona vuajn\u00eb nga depresioni t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, ky problem nuk trajtohet si s\u00ebmundjet e tjera por rrethohet nga stigma. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, depresioni n\u00eb vendet komuniste \u00ebsht\u00eb konsideruar gabimisht si shenj\u00eb e dob\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb karakterit. Gjithmon\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb v\u00ebrehet se depresioni rrit rrezikun p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, si s\u00ebmundjet kardiovaskulare.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, p\u00ebrhapja e depresionit n\u00eb popullat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe sesa mund t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohej nga rastet e diagnostikuara n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore. K\u00ebshtu, Studimi Demografik dhe Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri (ADHS) i vitit 2009 nuk identifikonte m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 2% t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7, si persona t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nj\u00eb mjek i kishte diagnostikuar me depresion. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, prevalenca e problemit n\u00eb popullat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb her\u00eb m\u00eb e madhe dhe shumica d\u00ebrrmuese e individ\u00ebve, t\u00eb rinj apo t\u00eb moshuar, vuajn\u00eb m\u00eb gjat\u00eb dhe m\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb nga \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodhte n\u00ebse do t\u00eb flisnin p\u00ebr t\u00eb dhe do t\u00eb merrnin trajtimin apo mb\u00ebshtetjen e duhur.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ka dy studime t\u00eb Institutit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndetit Publik, q\u00eb kan\u00eb mundur t\u00eb masin p\u00ebrmasat e depresionit vitet e fundit n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, bazuar n\u00eb metodologji t\u00eb krahasueshme. Nj\u00eb studim me ndjekje 2012-2016 te nj\u00eb kampion (kohorte) t\u00eb moshuarish dhe nj\u00eb studim transversal te nj\u00eb kampion t\u00eb rinjsh t\u00eb shkollave t\u00eb mesme i vitit 2013.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Nga kohorti prej rreth 400 t\u00eb moshuarish, t\u00eb ndjekur gjat\u00eb 5 viteve lidhur me shenjat e depresionit, v\u00ebrehet se pavar\u00ebsisht nj\u00eb r\u00ebnieje n\u00eb vite, ai ngelet shum\u00eb i lart\u00eb krahasuar me popullata t\u00eb tjera n\u00eb vende t\u00eb zhvilluara, por n\u00eb disa raste mbetet m\u00eb i lart\u00eb edhe n\u00eb vende me zhvillim t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm ekonomik. N\u00eb vitin 2016, 1 n\u00eb 4 t\u00eb moshuar kishte probleme me depresionin. Femrat gjithmon\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb vuajtur nga depresioni.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Faktor\u00eb rreziku social\u00eb p\u00ebr depresionin mes t\u00eb moshuarve n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb rezultojn\u00eb arsimi m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt dhe pamjaftueshm\u00ebria e t\u00eb ardhurave, nd\u00ebrsa mes faktor\u00ebve biologjik\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishmit jan\u00eb prania e m\u00eb shum\u00eb se dy s\u00ebmundjeve kronike. Rrjetet e dob\u00ebta sociale dhe familjare rrisin gjithashtu rrezikun.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Studimi d\u00ebshmon nj\u00eb proporcion shum\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt (m\u00eb pak se 5%) t\u00eb angazhimit t\u00eb t\u00eb moshuarve n\u00eb jet\u00ebn sociale (p\u00ebrfshirje n\u00eb shoqata, klube e organizata t\u00eb tjera me natyra t\u00eb ndryshme).<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb studim i vitit 2013, q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorte metodologji t\u00eb ngjashme tek t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb e shkollave t\u00eb mesme t\u00eb Tiran\u00ebs (14-18 vje\u00e7), tregonte se rreth 1 n\u00eb 3 prej tyre paraqisnin shenja t\u00eb depresionit. S\u00ebrish rreziku \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i lart\u00eb mes femrave. Studimi tregoi se t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb kan\u00eb ende shum\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb komunikuar me profesionist\u00ebt p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb lidhura me depresionin.<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

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Kostot ekonomike<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00ebmundjet mendore kan\u00eb edhe nj\u00eb kosto t\u00eb lart\u00eb ekonomike, si pasoj\u00eb direkte e mungesave n\u00eb pun\u00eb, r\u00ebnies s\u00eb produktivitetit, si dhe kostoja financiare e trajtimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre s\u00ebmundjeve.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mjek\u00ebt shpjegojn\u00eb se emigracioni \u00ebsht\u00eb treguesi m\u00eb i qart\u00eb se vendi \u00ebsht\u00eb duke kaluar nj\u00eb situat\u00eb jo t\u00eb mir\u00eb psikologjike. Doktoresha Rreli thot\u00eb se faktori ekonomik, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 predispozit\u00ebs biologjike, \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb kryesor\u00ebt q\u00eb krijon depresion. Ajo shton se s\u00ebmundjet e sh\u00ebndetit mendor kan\u00eb kosto t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ekonomike dhe sociale t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi. Nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri q\u00eb ka stres t\u00eb shtuar dhe depresion, m\u00eb e pakta q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e eficenc\u00ebs, medikamentet q\u00eb trajtojn\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin mendor kushtojn\u00eb, pavar\u00ebsisht se sipas mjekes, nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e tyre jan\u00eb n\u00eb list\u00ebn e barnave t\u00eb rimbursueshme.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb raport t\u00eb fundit, Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb ka raportuar se k\u00ebto s\u00ebmundje b\u00ebhen shkak p\u00ebr vdekje m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme, shumica e t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb vet\u00ebvrasje, ose n\u00eb raste fatkeqe, p\u00ebr invaliditet nga tentativa t\u00eb d\u00ebshtuara p\u00ebr vet\u00ebvrasje. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Policis\u00eb s\u00eb Shtetit, vitin e shkuar, numri i vet\u00ebvrasjeve ishte 156, 3-fish m\u00eb i lart\u00eb se sa i vrasjeve, nd\u00ebrsa tentativat p\u00ebr heqje jete ishin 129, m\u00eb t\u00eb lartat e viteve t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb raportuara.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sipas nj\u00eb studimi n\u00eb SHBA vitin e shkuar, kostoja ekonomike nga s\u00ebmundjet mendore kapin shifr\u00ebn 1 trilion dollar\u00eb. Sipas studimit, 40% e k\u00ebsaj shume \u00ebsht\u00eb kosto e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb q\u00eb lidhet me depresionin, por shumica jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me sh\u00ebndetin mendor, si ankthi dhe stresi post-traumatik, si dhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve t\u00eb tjera apo \u00e7rregullime t\u00eb gjumit dhe migren\u00ebs. Studimi ka gjetur se p\u00ebr \u00e7do dollar t\u00eb shpenzuar p\u00ebr trajtimin e depresionit, nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb 4.7 dollar\u00ebsh ka shkuar n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime direkte apo indirekte, q\u00eb lidhen me s\u00ebmundjen, 1.9 dollar\u00eb t\u00eb tjera jan\u00eb humbje q\u00eb vjen si rezultat i kombinimit t\u00eb faktor\u00ebve q\u00eb lidhen me produktivitetin n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe vet\u00ebvrasjet, q\u00eb lidhen direkt me depresionin.<\/span><\/p>\n

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N\u00eb rritje t\u00eb ndjeshme konsumi i qet\u00ebsuesve<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Mjek\u00ebt psikiat\u00ebr pohojn\u00eb se medikamentet n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e sh\u00ebndetit mendor jan\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb t\u00eb fundit q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruhen nga mjeku. Sipas Arjana Rrelit, me zhvillimin e mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb, medikamentet jan\u00eb m\u00eb efikase, si dhe me efekte t\u00eb pakta ose aspak an\u00ebsore. Megjithat\u00eb, sipas saj, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb gjendjes jo t\u00eb mir\u00eb si p\u00ebrjetimi i stresit, ankthit dhe pastaj depresioni, ka t\u00eb tjera rekomandime profesionale, si nj\u00eb jet\u00eb sociale, ushtrimi i sporteve, prania sa m\u00eb e gjat\u00eb n\u00eb natyr\u00eb, mjekime alternative etj. Viti i pandemis\u00eb, sipas saj, e b\u00ebri m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb ushtrimin e k\u00ebtyre aktiviteteve, duke \u00e7uar direkt n\u00eb p\u00ebrshkrime medikamentesh.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pohimi mb\u00ebshtetet edhe nga t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e marra nga Drejtoria e Doganave, sipas t\u00eb cilave \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur importi i medikamenteve sedativ\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr z\u00ebrin, Alprazolam, i cili shitet me emrin tregtar Xanax, t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat tregojn\u00eb rritje 65.52% t\u00eb importeve n\u00eb vler\u00eb p\u00ebr vitin 2020, n\u00eb krahasim me nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb. Trendi rrit\u00ebs vihet re n\u00eb tre vitet e fundit. Gjithashtu, sipas nj\u00eb v\u00ebzhgimi t\u00eb \u201cMonitor\u201d n\u00eb disa farmaci n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur konsumi i antidepresiv\u00ebve. Ndryshe nga vite m\u00eb par\u00eb, pohojn\u00eb farmacist\u00ebt, medikamentet jepen vet\u00ebm me recet\u00eb dhe vihet re nj\u00eb rritje e numrit t\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve rreth 30 vje\u00e7 q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb mjekime, pas ndihm\u00ebs s\u00eb marr\u00eb nga mjek\u00ebt e fush\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n

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Depresioni dhe produktiviteti<\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Depresioni dhe \u00e7rregullimet e ankthit jan\u00eb problemet m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor, t\u00eb cilat ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e secilit p\u00ebr t\u00eb punuar, dhe vler\u00ebsohet se ulin 5 her\u00eb produktivitetin n\u00eb pun\u00eb. N\u00eb rang global, m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 300 milion\u00eb njer\u00ebz vuajn\u00eb nga depresioni, nj\u00eb shkak q\u00eb i \u00e7on n\u00eb paaft\u00ebsi. <\/span><\/p>\n

M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 260 milion\u00eb jetojn\u00eb me \u00e7rregullime t\u00eb ankthit. Shum\u00eb prej tyre jetojn\u00eb me t\u00eb dyja problemet. N\u00eb Europ\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet se kosto vjetore e depresionit n\u00eb raport me vendin e pun\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb 617 miliard\u00eb euro n\u00eb vit, t\u00eb cilat llogaritin mungesat, r\u00ebnien e prodhimtaris\u00eb, koston e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor dhe koston e kujdesit shoq\u00ebror (n\u00eb form\u00ebn e p\u00ebrfitimeve p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb paaft\u00ebsis\u00eb). Lidhja nd\u00ebrmjet stresit n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs dhe problemeve n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin mendor \u00ebsht\u00eb e mir\u00ebstabilizuar. <\/span><\/p>\n

Nga studimet e ILO-s (Organizata Nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare e Pun\u00ebs) rezulton se stresi i lidhur me pun\u00ebn ka nj\u00eb kosto t\u00eb madhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb dhe jo t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb. N\u00eb shum\u00eb vende, si pasoj\u00eb e kriz\u00ebs ekonomike, shum\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebs reduktojn\u00eb aktivitetin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i mbijetojn\u00eb konkurrenc\u00ebs. Kjo p\u00ebrfshin shtim t\u00eb ristrukturimit, largim t\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve, papun\u00ebsi, varf\u00ebri dhe p\u00ebrjashtim social. K\u00ebto praktika n\u00eb pun\u00eb njihen edhe si \u201crreziqe psiko-sociale\u201d. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs, ato shkaktojn\u00eb rritjen e konkurrenc\u00ebs, pritshm\u00ebri m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb performanc\u00ebs, pun\u00eb m\u00eb intensive, or\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb gjata dhe t\u00eb parregullta n\u00eb pun\u00eb, k\u00ebrkesa m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb lidhura me pun\u00ebn, pasiguri n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe zvog\u00eblim t\u00eb mund\u00ebsive t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit. Duke shtuar n\u00eb disa raste frik\u00ebn e humbjes s\u00eb pun\u00ebs, r\u00ebnien e motivimit n\u00eb staf, r\u00ebnien e kreativitetit dhe stabilitetit financiar, t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto mund t\u00eb rezultojn\u00eb me pasoja serioze p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin mendor dhe mir\u00ebqenien e punonj\u00ebsve. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sociologu G\u00ebzim Tushi, pohon p\u00ebr \u201cMonitor\u201d se kriza q\u00eb solli pandemia b\u00ebri q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e goditur prej saj ekonomikisht, duke humbur vendin e pun\u00ebs apo biznesin p\u00ebrkat\u00ebs, t\u2019i kthenin syt\u00eb nga shteti, roli dhe p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsit\u00eb e tij, si aktor q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb menaxhonte k\u00ebt\u00eb kriz\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb, dhe nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ndihmonte me skema t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes sociale qytetar\u00ebt e papun\u00eb dhe biznesin p\u00ebr t\u00eb jetuar apo p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbijetuar n\u00eb kushtet e pandemis\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cN\u00eb sistemin e \u2018virtyteve\u2019 t\u00eb pandemis\u00eb, krahas fatkeq\u00ebsive q\u00eb solli, jan\u00eb shum\u00eb ndryshime, p\u00ebrmbysje t\u00eb lidhjeve tradicionale, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve formale t\u00eb njeriut me pun\u00ebn. Kudo n\u00eb bot\u00eb po ndodhin ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb k\u00ebtij raporti. Kemi hyr\u00eb n\u00eb epok\u00ebn pa kthim t\u00eb \u2018riformimit\u2019 t\u00eb stilit tradicional t\u00eb pun\u00ebs urbane, duke sjell\u00eb forma t\u00eb larmishme t\u00eb pun\u00ebs n\u00eb distanc\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn shumica e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve e konsiderojn\u00eb mjaft komode, tejet efikase. Sociolog\u00ebt mendojn\u00eb se puna n\u00eb distanc\u00eb ose telepuna, do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim universal q\u00eb do t\u00eb prek\u00eb pun\u00ebn e \u2018jakave t\u00eb bardha\u2019 (politikan\u00eb, n\u00ebpun\u00ebs, specialist\u00eb, m\u00ebsues, pedagog\u00eb, mjek\u00eb, etj.) por edhe profesionet e \u2018jakave blu\u2019 (pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve)\u201d \u2013 pohon z. Tushi. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ai pohon se, situata ka pasur ndikim m\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb mbi grat\u00eb, barazin\u00eb gjinore dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet me \u201cbot\u00ebn\u201d e tyre t\u00eb pun\u00ebs. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cNdryshimet q\u00eb po ndodhin n\u00eb raportet gjinore brenda familjes dhe n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, jan\u00eb faktor\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohen p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar kuotat e barazis\u00eb dhe integrimit t\u00eb grave n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe shoq\u00ebri. N\u00ebse ndryshojn\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsohen raportet e gruas me familjen dhe sht\u00ebpin\u00eb, n\u00ebse pozita e saj do t\u00eb demokratizohet m\u00eb tej, at\u00ebher\u00eb progresi i tyre do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i shpejt\u00eb. Sepse sikurse shkruan Jean-Nikolas-Reyit, profesor i Sjelljes Organizative, \u201cnj\u00eb nga arsyet q\u00eb grat\u00eb e kan\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrparojn\u00eb profesionalisht, \u00ebsht\u00eb se kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb gjasa se sa burrat t\u2019i japin p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsis\u00eb familjare mbi karrier\u00ebn\u201d \u2013 p\u00ebrfundon sociologu Tushi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pandemia, bota e pun\u00ebs dhe mendja<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Sikurse dihet, pandemia pati ndikim t\u00eb thell\u00eb, t\u00eb menj\u00ebhersh\u00ebm edhe n\u00eb problemet q\u00eb lidhen me \u201cbot\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs\u201d dhe ndikimet e dukshme, t\u00eb forta t\u00eb saj n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs. Po ndodhin ndryshime thelb\u00ebsore t\u00eb cilat, sikurse thon\u00eb sociolog\u00ebt e pun\u00ebs, ndodh\u00ebn \u201cbrenda nat\u00ebs\u201d. P\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb globin u shfaq\u00ebn disa dukuri q\u00eb me sa duket do t\u00eb jen\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201ckonstante p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb t\u00eb gjata\u201d me ndikim universal n\u00eb tregun global t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Ajo do t\u00eb jet\u00eb ndryshe, megjith\u00ebse ende nuk dihet deri n\u00eb fund, se si do jen\u00eb \u201cgj\u00ebrat e pun\u00ebs\u201d, sidomos marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e njeriut me t\u00eb, qoft\u00eb si pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs apo pun\u00ebmarr\u00ebs. Jan\u00eb fillimet e nj\u00eb procesi t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb diktuar nga pandemia, q\u00eb po p\u00ebrcakton procesin e kalimit, nga \u201cpuna e p\u00ebrqendruar\u201d n\u00eb zyra dhe objekte standarde t\u00eb prodhimit klasik, n\u00eb \u201cpun\u00ebn e shp\u00ebrndar\u00eb\u201d, jasht\u00eb \u201cobjekteve klasike\u201d t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi apo mjedise alternative. Pandemia p\u00ebr nj\u00eb koh\u00eb fare t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr u b\u00eb faktor q\u00eb solli nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysje t\u00eb madhe konceptuale p\u00ebr pun\u00ebn, dhe solli nj\u00eb \u201crevolucion\u201d n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet e njeriut me t\u00eb, qoft\u00eb si pun\u00ebmarr\u00ebs apo pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebs, duke prekur konceptin e \u201cortodoksis\u00eb institucionale\u201d t\u00eb organizimit t\u00eb saj, duke e \u00e7liruar kultur\u00ebn e pun\u00ebs \u201cnga zakonet e k\u00ebqija dhe proceset joefikase, nga takimet joefektive dhe burokracia e panevojshme\u201d.<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Mund\u00ebsia q\u00eb solli pandemia n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb se u dha shtys\u00eb ndryshimeve thelb\u00ebsore, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb faktor social, q\u00eb gj\u00ebrat q\u00eb kan\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me pun\u00ebn dhe tregun e pun\u00ebs t\u00eb \u201cl\u00ebvizin m\u00eb shpejt\u201d n\u00eb drejtimin e duhur. K\u00ebto nuk jan\u00eb ndryshime t\u00eb thjeshta lineare, por shum\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruara me ankth, pasiguri si dhe gjendje t\u00eb zgjatura depresive. Sepse kemi t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb me nj\u00eb proces gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebs t\u00eb ndryshimit t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb koncepteve dhe praktikave t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb operacion masiv q\u00eb ka prekur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb sektor\u00ebt publik\u00eb e privat\u00eb, t\u00eb biznesit, arsimit, sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe sektorit gjigant t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve.<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Studiues t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe sociolog\u00ebt e pun\u00ebs vler\u00ebsojn\u00eb shfaqjen e disa dukurive t\u00eb reja pas shfaqjes s\u00eb pandemis\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat n\u00ebse menaxhohen mir\u00eb, krijojn\u00eb kushte e mund\u00ebsi q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb p\u00ebr \u201czgjidhje t\u00eb reja se ku duan t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb dhe krijojn\u00eb pritshm\u00ebri t\u00eb reja n\u00eb lidhje me fleksibilitetin e pun\u00ebs dhe ekuilibrin e jet\u00ebs\u201d.<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Natyrisht ky revolucion, i shkaktuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb, t\u00eb paparashikuar n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs, ka shkaktuar debate e diskutime t\u00eb larmishme, qoft\u00eb p\u00ebr fleksibilitetin, por dhe efektivitetin e pun\u00ebs. Megjithat\u00eb, agjenci t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme dhe anketime sociologjike, kan\u00eb treguar se vet\u00ebm 12% e t\u00eb anketuarve kan\u00eb dashur t\u2019u rikthehen pun\u00ebs me koh\u00eb t\u00eb plot\u00eb n\u00eb \u201czyrat dhe vendet klasike\u201d t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, ku 72% e t\u00eb anketuarve duan \u201cmodelin hibrid\u201d t\u00eb pun\u00ebs edhe n\u00eb zyr\u00eb, por dhe n\u00eb distanc\u00eb prej saj.<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Por ky \u201crevolucion\u201d n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs do t\u00eb shoq\u00ebrohet me pasoja jo t\u00eb vogla p\u00ebr pjes\u00ebn tjet\u00ebr t\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve, q\u00eb mendohet se mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb mbi 60% e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve aktual\u00eb, q\u00eb rrezikojn\u00eb t\u00eb humbasin vendet e pun\u00ebs, p\u00ebr shkak se zgjerimi i pun\u00ebs n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi dhe n\u00eb distanc\u00eb, do t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb eliminimin e disa lloje pun\u00ebsh e sh\u00ebrbimesh q\u00eb ofrohen nga pun\u00ebtor\u00eb, q\u00eb punojn\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimet qytet\u00ebse dhe me pag\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb situat\u00eb materiale q\u00eb ka koston n\u00eb shfaqjen e depresionit individual e social. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb duhen marr\u00eb masa n\u00eb koh\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar efektet shkat\u00ebrruese depresive t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj dukurie q\u00eb erdhi nga pandemia.<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u00cbsht\u00eb koha p\u00ebr t\u2019i kushtuar kujdes t\u00eb madh e v\u00ebmendje problemeve q\u00eb solli pandemia me pun\u00ebn dhe tregun e saj. Ne jemi t\u00eb nd\u00ebrgjegjsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr tronditjen ekonomike q\u00eb ajo shkaktoi n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb. Ajo u b\u00eb shkak, q\u00eb mij\u00ebra vet\u00eb kan\u00eb humbur vendet e pun\u00ebs. Tani ata jan\u00eb duke pyetur veten, n\u00eb pritje se \u00e7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb me pun\u00ebt apo ekonomin\u00eb e tyre. N\u00ebse shum\u00eb gj\u00ebra n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fush\u00eb para pandemis\u00eb nuk kan\u00eb shkuar mir\u00eb, tani duket qart\u00eb se pandemia i ka p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar \u201cproblemet e pun\u00ebs\u201d.<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u201cAjo q\u00eb njihet si psikiatria e kriz\u00ebs n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara, tregon q\u00eb \u00e7do kriz\u00eb e madhe globale, qoft\u00eb kriza financiare e vitit 2008, apo pandemit\u00eb e m\u00ebparshme, kan\u00eb ndikuar q\u00eb frekuenca e s\u00ebmundjeve neuropsikiatrike t\u00eb rritet proporcionalisht me kriz\u00ebn\u201d.<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Shenja t\u00eb depresionit n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs<\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Kur nj\u00eb person \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb depresion, nuk mund t\u2019i kushtojn\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi siguris\u00eb s\u00eb tyre, madje shpesh e k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb vet\u00eb rrezikun. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Nj\u00eb person n\u00eb depresion mund t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebr nj\u00eb shum\u00ebllojshm\u00ebri gjendjesh emotive, t\u00eb tilla si nervoziz\u00ebm, zem\u00ebrim dhe trishtim. Ata mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhen jo bashk\u00ebpunues ose t\u00eb zymt\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Punonj\u00ebsit mund t\u00eb shprehin pak\u00ebnaq\u00ebsi me veten, jet\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi, ose pun\u00ebn. Depresioni mund t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb nj\u00eb person t\u00eb ndihet i lodhur vazhdimisht. N\u00ebse i kushtohet v\u00ebmendje, do t\u00eb d\u00ebgjohen shpesh deklarata se sa t\u00eb lodhur ata ndihen. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Mungesat n\u00eb vendim e pun\u00ebs mund t\u00eb nisin t\u00eb b\u00ebhen m\u00eb t\u00eb shpeshta. P\u00ebr shkak se t\u00eb pranuarit e nj\u00eb gjendjeje depresive si shkaktar t\u00eb mungesave, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shoq\u00ebrisht e pranueshme, punonj\u00ebsit mund shpesh t\u00eb telefonojn\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb me justifikime se jan\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb me ftohje apo grip. <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Shum\u00eb e zakonshme p\u00ebr personat q\u00eb vuajn\u00eb me depresion \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebmjekimi, problemet adresohen edhe n\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e tep\u00ebrt t\u00eb drog\u00ebs dhe alkoolit. <\/span><\/p>\n

Sh\u00ebndeti mendor dhe lidhja e tij me s\u00ebmundjet e tjera<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Gjat\u00eb trajtimit apo menaxhimit t\u00eb disa s\u00ebmundjeve kronike t\u00eb tilla si ato kardiovaskulare, sindroma metabolike dhe sidomos kanceri, \u00ebsht\u00eb normale q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetohen probleme t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, individ\u00ebt q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb me HIV\/AIDS ose s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb tjera infektive si Hepatiti B dhe\/ose C, Tuberkulozi dhe s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb transmetueshme, p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7rregullimeve t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb demonstruar bindsh\u00ebm se individ\u00ebt e prekur nga s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb ndryshme (kronike apo akute) mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballen me kufizime t\u00eb reja n\u00eb kryerjen e aktiviteteve t\u00eb zakonshme, t\u00eb cilat \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb nivele t\u00eb larta ankthi dhe m\u00eb pas n\u00eb depresion.<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb fakt, n\u00eb rrethana t\u00eb tilla, zakonisht \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatesh me nj\u00eb realitet t\u00eb ri dhe t\u00eb ballafaqohesh me ndryshimet n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rastet, sh\u00ebndeti mendor dhe sh\u00ebndeti fizik jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura ngusht\u00ebsisht. Individ\u00ebt q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb me kufizime fizike t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb gati dy her\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb depresion dhe ankth krahasuar me popullat\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme.<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, individ\u00ebt q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb me nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb mendore jan\u00eb n\u00eb rrezik m\u00eb t\u00eb madh p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar nj\u00eb gam\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb kufizimeve fizike. Ky sesion do t\u00eb trajtoj\u00eb edhe sfidat e sh\u00ebndetit mendor q\u00eb lidhen me fatkeq\u00ebsit\u00eb dhe emergjencat, t\u00eb cilat, qofshin natyrore apo t\u00eb krijuara nga njeriu, prekin jet\u00ebn e popullat\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, komuniteteve t\u00eb rrezikuara, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nj\u00eb zinxhiri sekuencash katastrofike q\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillimet sociale dhe ekonomike.<\/i><\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebr t\u00eb hartuar, p\u00ebr t\u00eb organizuar dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbatuar sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb trajtimit t\u00eb kriz\u00ebs pas fatkeq\u00ebsive, duhet t\u00eb krijohet nj\u00eb sistem i integruar, nd\u00ebrveprues i strukturave t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor dhe agjencive dhe institucioneve t\u00eb menaxhimit t\u00eb emergjencave. Mbetet sfid\u00eb serioze identifikimi i nevojave te grupet e individ\u00ebve t\u00eb prekur, n\u00eb baz\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb cil\u00ebs sh\u00ebrbimet dhe nivelet e kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor duhet t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohen dhe t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtaten n\u00eb p\u00ebrputhje me rrethanat. N\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha rastet, problemet e sh\u00ebndetit mendor dhe sfidat e hasura gjat\u00eb krizave t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit publik jan\u00eb nj\u00eb shqet\u00ebsim i ve\u00e7ant\u00eb dhe paraqesin nj\u00eb barr\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr individ\u00ebt e prekur dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb.<\/i><\/b>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Statistika komb\u00ebtare dhe nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare<\/b> <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Depresioni njihet si shkaku kryesor i paaft\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn (OBSH, 2012) <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Vet\u00ebvrasja renditet shkaku i dyt\u00eb i vdekjeve n\u00eb bot\u00eb dhe n\u00eb Europ\u00eb p\u00ebr grupmosh\u00ebn 15-29 vje\u00e7 (OBSH, 2016) <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Rreth 15.3% e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve t\u00eb klasave t\u00eb 9-ta dhe t\u00eb 10-ta kan\u00eb provuar minimalisht nj\u00eb lloj droge t\u00eb paligjshme t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb her\u00eb gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb jet\u00ebs (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb marijuan\u00ebn, sedativ\u00ebt pa recet\u00eb mjek\u00ebsore, alkoolin t\u00eb kombinuar me pilula dhe medikamentet kund\u00ebr dhimbjes). <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Kokaina \u00ebsht\u00eb droga e dyt\u00eb m\u00eb prevalente e p\u00ebrdorur nga nx\u00ebn\u00ebsit e klasave t\u00eb 9-ta dhe t\u00eb 10-ta n\u00eb vitin 2015 (3.7%), nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vitin 2011, vendin e dyt\u00eb e zinte ecstasy (1.6%). <\/span><\/p>\n

\u2022 Krahasuar me vitin 2011, n\u00eb vitin 2015 jan\u00eb rritur p\u00ebrqindjet e nx\u00ebn\u00ebsve q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb se mund t\u00eb sigurojn\u00eb leht\u00eb apo shum\u00eb leht\u00eb amfetamina, sedativ\u00eb pa recet\u00eb dhe ectasy.<\/span><\/p>\n

VINI RE:<\/span> Ky artikull \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00eb intelektuale e Monitor.al<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Izolimi, papun\u00ebsia, pasiguria financiare ndikuan r\u00ebnd\u00eb n\u00eb mir\u00ebqenien mendore t\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebzve vitin e shkuar. Rastet n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb depresionit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, si dhe shtimi i importeve t\u00eb sedativ\u00ebve japin kambana alarmi mbi efektet afatgjata n\u00eb produktivitet, mir\u00ebqenie dhe ekonomin\u00eb e shoq\u00ebris\u00eb\u2026   Nj\u00eb duzin\u00eb njer\u00ebzish q\u00ebndronin n\u00eb radh\u00eb, t\u00eb shkujdesur, me z\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":30,"featured_media":454940,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[65],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-454939","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lajme"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454939","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=454939"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/454939\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/454940"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=454939"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=454939"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=454939"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}