{"id":452781,"date":"2021-05-26T12:27:52","date_gmt":"2021-05-26T10:27:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hashtag.al\/?p=452781"},"modified":"2021-05-26T12:27:52","modified_gmt":"2021-05-26T10:27:52","slug":"reformat-strukturore-ekonomike-dhe-arsimi-i-larte","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2021\/05\/26\/reformat-strukturore-ekonomike-dhe-arsimi-i-larte\/","title":{"rendered":"Reformat strukturore ekonomike dhe arsimi i lart\u00eb!","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Nga Irena Beqiraj<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Sot u informova n\u00eb media q\u00eb ofrimi i diplomave europiane p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb, pask\u00ebrk\u00ebsh qen\u00eb nj\u00eb objektiv i mandatit t\u00eb tret\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, do t\u00eb nis\u00eb puna p\u00ebr ngritjen e Komitetit t\u00eb P\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr Politikat e Arsimit t\u00eb Lart\u00eb, midis qeveris\u00eb dhe universiteteve publike. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tek e lexoja lajmin, konsiderova pa m\u00ebdyshje arritje, faktin q\u00eb i qenk\u00ebrkemi\u00a0 larguar motos, \u201cpo d\u00ebshiron t\u00eb mos b\u00ebhet asnj\u00eb pun\u00eb, ngri nj\u00eb komitet a grup pune\u201d. N\u00eb mandatin e tret\u00eb, politikat e mira do t\u2019u b\u00ebrk\u00ebrkan me grupe pune, gj\u00eb q\u00eb e konsideroj nj\u00eb hap pozitiv megjith\u00ebse mbetet p\u00ebr t\u2019u par\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

Por m\u00eb shum\u00eb se Komiteti r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi ka objektivi. A do t\u00eb na ndihmoj\u00eb Know-how i universiteteve europiane t\u00eb ngrem\u00eb aft\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer k\u00ebrkim-zhvillim, p\u00ebr t\u00eb krijuar dije dhe p\u00ebr t\u2019i transferuar ato n\u00eb ekonomi? Si do t\u00eb lidhen dhe do t\u00eb mb\u00ebshtesin politikat e arsimit t\u00eb lart\u00eb me reformat strukturore aq t\u00eb nevojshme n\u00eb\u00a0 ekonomi?<\/span><\/p>\n

Po e filloj k\u00ebt\u00eb analiz\u00eb me k\u00ebto t\u00eb fundit. Nuk besoj se ka shqiptar q\u00eb nuk e ka d\u00ebgjuar rekomandimin e ekonomist\u00ebve mbi \u201cnevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr reforma strukturore\u201d. Ndoshta e keni gjetur veten \u201ct\u00eb humbur\u201d n\u00eb labirintin e shpjegimeve shpesh t\u00eb pakuptueshme t\u00eb ekonomist\u00ebve (p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu edhe veten). <\/span><\/p>\n

Thjesht\u00ebsisht, por mbase jo edhe aq, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb lexues jo-ekonomist, reform\u00eb strukturore do t\u00eb thot\u00eb, hartimi edhe implementimi i politikave, t\u00eb cilat me an\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyrjes s\u00eb shtetit, tentojn\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshojm\u00eb struktur\u00ebn e nj\u00eb ekonomie, duke mb\u00ebshtetur rritjen dhe zhvillimin e sektor\u00ebve produktiv\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt do t\u00eb siguronin nj\u00eb rritje ekonomike gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse edhe n\u00eb afat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Edhe n\u00ebse s\u00ebrish duket e komplikuar, nj\u00eb nga reformat strukturore kryesore q\u00eb k\u00ebrkohen n\u00eb stadin e zhvillimit t\u00eb vendit lidhet me hartimin edhe implementimin e togfjal\u00ebshit toksik p\u00ebr vendet ish-socialiste \u201cPolitika Industriale\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrtej vendeve ish-komuniste, ky togfjal\u00ebsh \u00ebsht\u00eb toksik edhe p\u00ebr ekonomist\u00ebt neoliberal\u00eb t\u00eb dashuruar me Konsensusin e Washingtonit, por duhet th\u00ebn\u00eb dhe pranuar, se pavar\u00ebsisht mohimit, ato kurr\u00eb nuk dol\u00ebn nga moda. Shpesh p\u00ebr t\u2019i shp\u00ebtuar debatit politik, i cili para 2008-s i lidhte padrejt\u00ebsisht politikat industriale me planifikimin e centralizuar socialist, ua ndryshuam emrin, duke i quajtur n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb t\u00eb rafinuar e diplomatike politika t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb produktivitetit. <\/span><\/p>\n

Por, s\u00eb fundmi, \u00ebsht\u00eb pranuar kat\u00ebr\u00e7ip\u00ebrisht q\u00eb ekonomit\u00eb e suksesshme gjithmon\u00eb jan\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb politika industriale qeveritare, t\u00eb cilat promovojn\u00eb rritjen ekonomike, duke p\u00ebrshpejtuar dhe mb\u00ebshtetur transformimin strukturor, q\u00eb lidhen jo vet\u00ebm me sektorin prodhues, por edhe me sektor\u00eb premtues n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime. Q\u00ebllimi baz\u00eb i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb rritja e produktivitetit n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet rritjes s\u00eb inovacionit, dhe si t\u00eb tilla do t\u2019i siguronin ekonomis\u00eb ton\u00eb virtytin baz\u00eb q\u00eb i mungon aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr inovacion.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ironikisht termi \u201cpolitika industriale\u201d \u00ebsht\u00eb anatemaur m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti n\u00eb vendin ku edhe jan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur m\u00eb shum\u00eb, n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara t\u00eb Amerik\u00ebs. N\u00eb SHBA aft\u00ebsit\u00eb thelb\u00ebsore inovative jan\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet nd\u00ebrhyrjes dhe mb\u00ebshtetjes direkte t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Profesori i Harvardit, Josh Lerner n\u00eb librin e tij \u201cBulevardi i \u00cbndrrave t\u00eb Thyera\u201d, shpjegon se ishin pik\u00ebrisht kontratat e Departamentit t\u00eb Mbrojtjes t\u00eb SH.B.A.-s\u00eb q\u00eb luajt\u00ebn rolin vendimtar n\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtimin e rritjes s\u00eb hershme t\u00eb Silicon Valley, si dhe arsyeton q\u00eb lindja edhe rritja e inovacionit m\u00eb dometh\u00ebn\u00ebs t\u00eb koh\u00ebve t\u00eb sotme, Internetit, u bazua pik\u00ebrisht n\u00eb projektet e Departamentit t\u00eb Mbrojtjes t\u00eb cilat datojn\u00eb n\u00eb 1969.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb shembull tjet\u00ebr shum\u00eb interesant q\u00eb vjen nga vendet n\u00eb zhvillim \u00ebsht\u00eb Kili, i cili portretizohet si nj\u00eb parajs\u00eb e tregut t\u00eb lir\u00eb.\u00a0 Por edhe k\u00ebtu ka qen\u00eb qeveria, e cila ka luajtur nj\u00eb rol vendimtar n\u00eb zhvillimin e \u00e7do eksporti t\u00eb ri t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb prodhuar n\u00eb Kili pas 1974. <\/span><\/p>\n

Duke filluar nga rrushi kilian, prodhimet e drurit apo industria shum\u00eb e suksesshme e salmonit, t\u00eb gjitha kan\u00eb n\u00eb rr\u00ebnj\u00eb t\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb tyre, jo me dor\u00ebn e fsheht\u00eb, por dor\u00ebn drejtuese t\u00eb shtetit, i cili ka mb\u00ebshtetur dhe p\u00ebrshpejtuar zhvillimin e tyre n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet institucioneve publike t\u00eb k\u00ebrkim-zhvillimit, por edhe t\u00eb subvencioneve. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kudo n\u00eb bot\u00eb po t\u00eb g\u00ebrvishtni sip\u00ebrfaqen e \u00e7do industrie t\u00eb re t\u00eb suksesshme, me shum\u00eb gjasa do t\u00eb gjeni ndihm\u00ebn e qeveris\u00eb q\u00eb fshihet posht\u00eb saj.\u00a0 Arsyeja e thjesht\u00eb, shteti \u00ebsht\u00eb i vetmi aktor i cili mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballoj\u00eb me sukses kostot e k\u00ebrkim zhvillimit dhe p\u00ebrfitueshm\u00ebria mesatare n\u00eb ekonomi nga projektet k\u00ebrkimore, t\u00eb cilat mb\u00ebshteten nga qeveria jan\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se sa e projekteve k\u00ebrkimore q\u00eb kryhen nga sektori privat.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dani Rodrik, nj\u00eb mendje e ndritur e mendimit ekonomik t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb 21-t\u00eb na tregon q\u00eb \u201cPolitika industriale m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se sa nj\u00eb list\u00eb politikash \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb menduari, kuptohet dhe t\u00eb vepruari\u201d. S\u00eb pari, nga qeveria nuk pritet t\u00eb zgjedh\u00eb sektor\u00ebt fitues, por t\u00eb ket\u00eb aft\u00ebsin\u00eb t\u00eb bashk\u00ebpunoj\u00eb dhe mb\u00ebshtes\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb transparente biznesin, pa qen\u00eb nevoja \u201ct\u00eb ndaj\u00eb shtratin\u201d me ndonj\u00ebrin prej tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edhe s\u00eb dyti, p\u00ebrtej p\u00ebrjashtimeve nga taksat p\u00ebr sektor\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm, t\u00eb cilat shpesh p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb transparenc\u00ebs anatemohen si klienteliste, qeveria duhet t\u00eb synoj\u00eb krijimin e sistemeve komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb inovacionit, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga kompanit\u00eb private, universitetet, institutet\/laborator\u00ebt k\u00ebrkimor\u00eb publik apo privat, agjencit\u00eb qeveritare dhe institucione financiare. Pik\u00ebrisht, ekzistenca dhe bashk\u00ebveprimi midis k\u00ebtyre aktor\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb jetik dhe i paz\u00ebvend\u00ebsuesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr zhvillimin e inovacionit brenda nj\u00eb sektori t\u00eb caktuar.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa k\u00ebto sisteme t\u00eb cilat krijohen dhe mb\u00ebshteten nga qeveria, universitetet, qendrat k\u00ebrkimore dhe biznesi do t\u00eb mbet\u00ebn galaktika q\u00eb nuk komunikojn\u00eb me nj\u00ebra-tjetr\u00ebn. Pa k\u00ebto sisteme n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e pamundur p\u00ebrkthimi i njohurive shkencore n\u00eb njohuri teknologjike, duke i l\u00ebn\u00eb njohurit\u00eb shkencore pavar\u00ebsisht se nga vijn\u00eb apo se ku jan\u00eb prodhuar, t\u00eb pap\u00ebrdorura, t\u00eb varrosura apo magazinuara brenda kull\u00ebs s\u00eb fildisht\u00eb, t\u00eb akademis\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

I ashtuquajturi model linear i inovacionit q\u00eb lidh shkenc\u00ebn me inovacionin nuk mund t\u00eb funksionoj\u00eb sepse sektorit t\u00eb shkenc\u00ebs i mungon pik\u00ebrisht aft\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb identifikuar nevojat teknologjike q\u00eb i duhen sektorit privat. Gjetjet empirike sugjerojn\u00eb q\u00eb modeli linear i inovacionit q\u00eb i konsideron njohurit\u00eb shkencore si imputin m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr inovacionin nuk ka asnj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht kur sistemet komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb inovacionit ose nuk ekzistojn\u00eb ose nuk jan\u00eb efektiv\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb leht\u00ebsuar transferimin e njohurive. <\/span><\/p>\n

Njohurit\u00eb teknologjike nuk gjenerohen nga njohurit\u00eb shkencore, por nga p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkim-zhvillim, t\u00eb cilat mungojn\u00eb thuajse t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Th\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb duke zbatuar nj\u00eb politik\u00eb q\u00eb vet\u00ebm thekson shkenc\u00ebn, apo thjesht pajisen me diploma europiane p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb tan\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamjaftueshme dhe nuk mund t\u00eb gjeneroj\u00eb p\u00ebrfitime t\u00eb prekshme ekonomike, as n\u00eb afat t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr e as n\u00eb afat t\u00eb gjat\u00eb. Lipset nj\u00eb lidhje direkte e shkenc\u00ebs me biznesin dhe nevojat e tij, si dhe fonde t\u00eb qen\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr k\u00ebrkim-zhvillimin n\u00eb sektor\u00ebt premtues.<\/span><\/p>\n

Pa dyshim do jet\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb kemi m\u00eb shum\u00eb student\u00eb q\u00eb e kan\u00eb diplom\u00ebn t\u00eb nj\u00ebsuar, mbase edhe me London School of Economics apo Harvardin, por njohurit\u00eb shkencore t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb sistemeve komb\u00ebtare t\u00eb inovacionit nuk do t\u00eb\u00a0 sjellin kurrsesi zhvillimin.<\/span><\/p>\n

VINI RE<\/strong><\/span>: Ky material \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00ebsi intelektuale e Gazetasi<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Irena Beqiraj Sot u informova n\u00eb media q\u00eb ofrimi i diplomave europiane p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb, pask\u00ebrk\u00ebsh qen\u00eb nj\u00eb objektiv i mandatit t\u00eb tret\u00eb dhe p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, do t\u00eb nis\u00eb puna p\u00ebr ngritjen e Komitetit t\u00eb P\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt p\u00ebr Politikat e Arsimit t\u00eb Lart\u00eb, midis qeveris\u00eb dhe universiteteve publike. Tek e lexoja lajmin, konsiderova […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":51,"featured_media":427209,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,65,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-452781","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-lajme","category-te-fundit"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/452781","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=452781"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/452781\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/427209"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=452781"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=452781"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=452781"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}