{"id":428393,"date":"2021-02-08T07:48:17","date_gmt":"2021-02-08T06:48:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hashtag.al\/?p=428393"},"modified":"2021-02-15T23:12:25","modified_gmt":"2021-02-15T22:12:25","slug":"si-e-zbuten-dhelpren-shkencetaret-siberiane","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2021\/02\/08\/si-e-zbuten-dhelpren-shkencetaret-siberiane\/","title":{"rendered":"Si e zbut\u00ebn dhelpr\u00ebn shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt siberian\u00eb","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n

Evolucioni iu desh\u00ebn 15,000 vjet p\u00ebr t’i kthyer ujq\u00ebrit n\u00eb qen. Tani, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nga Novosibirsk n\u00eb Rusi kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb edukojn\u00eb dhelpra t\u00eb zbutura n\u00eb vet\u00ebm 60 vjet.<\/span><\/p>\n

Dhelpra Gerda \u00ebsht\u00eb e preferuara midis f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb rriturve n\u00eb Novosibirsk. Ajo adhuron t\u00eb luaj\u00eb me topa tenisi, t’i p\u00ebrk\u00ebdhelin vesh\u00ebt t\u00eb bjer\u00eb n\u00eb gjum\u00eb pran\u00eb njeriut t\u00eb saj. “Gerda dhe un\u00eb kemi qen\u00eb s\u00eb bashku p\u00ebr gati tre vjet tani.”-<\/em> thot\u00eb Andrei Kudyakov.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Andrei me Gerd\u00ebn<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\u00a0\u201cNj\u00eb dit\u00eb, vizitova ferm\u00ebn e Institutit t\u00eb Citologjis\u00eb dhe Gjenetik\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb dhelprat e tyre nga kureshtja. Dhe m\u00eb pas, nuk mund t\u00eb m\u00eb dilte nga mendja t\u00eb kisha nj\u00eb krijes\u00eb kaq t\u00eb bukur n\u00eb sht\u00ebpi. Nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb von\u00eb, u ktheva dhe b\u00ebra zgjedhjen time n\u00eb favor t\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb kuqes\u201d<\/em>. Gerda jeton jasht\u00eb qytetit, n\u00eb fshat, ku p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sh\u00ebtitje me Andrei-n nd\u00ebrsa mban nj\u00eb parzmore, duke t\u00ebrhequr v\u00ebmendjen e t\u00eb gjith\u00ebve n\u00eb lagje. Nga natyra ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e g\u00ebzuar, vigjilente, kurioze dhe e dashur.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Gerda me mikesh\u00ebn e saj<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Gerda \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga dhelprat e zbutura t\u00eb edukuara n\u00eb Institutin e Citologjis\u00eb dhe Gjenetik\u00ebs t\u00eb deg\u00ebs Siberiane t\u00eb Akademis\u00eb Ruse t\u00eb Shkencave. Ajo \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur me njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb nivelin gjenetik dhe i konsideron ata si miqt\u00eb e saj. Kjo rac\u00eb dhelprash \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen natyror unik.<\/span><\/p>\n

Eksperimenti m\u00eb i madh evolucionar<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

Eksperimenti p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbutur dhelprat u iniciua nga Akademiku Dmitry Belyayev n\u00eb vitin 1959. N\u00eb vitet 1970, ai u bashkua me Lyudmila Trut, q\u00eb asokohe ishte nj\u00eb student e biologjis\u00eb n\u00eb MGU (Universiteti Shtet\u00ebror i Mosk\u00ebs) dhe tani nj\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtare ruse me fam\u00eb bot\u00ebrore.<\/span><\/p>\n

Lyudmila Trut dhe biologu amerikan Lee Alan Dugatkin ishin bashk\u00ebautor\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb libri n\u00eb vitin 2019 n\u00eb lidhje me pun\u00ebn e saj me Belyayev me titull \u201cSi t\u00eb Zbus nj\u00eb dhelp\u00ebr (dhe t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb qen)\u201d. Sipas librit, Belyayev besonte se eksperimentet mund t\u00eb hidhnin drit\u00eb edhe mbi proceset evolucionare njer\u00ebzore – ai propozoi q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit ishin majmun\u00eb “t\u00eb vet\u00eb-zbutur” q\u00eb kishin kaluar zgjedhjen p\u00ebr agresion t\u00eb reduktuar (toleranc\u00ebn shoq\u00ebrore) ndaj krijesave t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb tjera.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Dhelprat luajn\u00eb n\u00eb ferm\u00ebn eksperimentale n\u00eb Institutin e Citologjis\u00eb dhe Gjenetik\u00ebs t\u00eb Akademis\u00eb Ruse t\u00eb Shkencave.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Shkenc\u00ebtari supozonte se individ\u00ebt m\u00eb pak agresiv\u00eb ishin t\u00eb par\u00ebt q\u00eb filluan t’u afroheshin njer\u00ebzve, duke marr\u00eb nj\u00eb avantazh selektiv nga kontakti i tyre me njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb form\u00ebn e ngroht\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe ushqimit, dhe k\u00ebshtu, nd\u00ebrsa brezi ndoqi brezin, ata do t\u00eb zbuteshin. Aurok\u00ebt e eg\u00ebr u b\u00ebn\u00eb lop\u00eb t\u00eb zbutura, nd\u00ebrsa ujq\u00ebrit e eg\u00ebr – qen besnik\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb ting\u00eblloj\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb arsyeshme e thjesht\u00eb, por n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, proceset evolucionare nuk zhvillohen kaq shpejt ose pa probleme. Njeriu mund t\u00eb zbut\u00eb shum\u00eb kafsh\u00eb t\u00eb egra (arinjt\u00eb, pumat, cheetahs – dhe njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb marrin kafsh\u00eb t\u00eb tilla sot shpesh b\u00ebhen yje t\u00eb mediave sociale), por q\u00eb ato t\u00eb b\u00ebhen kafsh\u00eb sht\u00ebpiake aktuale – me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, t\u00eb shumohen rregullisht dhe konsiderojn\u00eb banesat njer\u00ebzore si sht\u00ebpin\u00eb e tyre – mij\u00ebra vjet evolucion duhet t\u00eb kalojn\u00eb. Sidoqoft\u00eb, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebve sovjetik\u00eb u duheshin vet\u00ebm 60 vjet. Ideja ishte q\u00eb t\u00eb shumohen kafsh\u00eb, me an\u00eb t\u00eb shqyrtimit selektiv, q\u00eb nga nj\u00eb mosh\u00eb e re t\u00eb sillet si kafsh\u00eb sht\u00ebpiake.<\/span><\/p>\n

“Kur nis\u00ebm eksperimentin, k\u00ebrkuam nj\u00eb kafsh\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme me nj\u00eb qen.”-<\/em> thot\u00eb Lyudmila Trut. “Dhe kjo ishte dhelpra, e cila n\u00eb at\u00eb moment ishte edukuar p\u00ebr dhjet\u00ebra vjet n\u00eb fermat Sovjetike t\u00eb leshit. Pra me fjal\u00eb t\u00eb tjera, ajo tashm\u00eb kishte kaluar n\u00ebp\u00ebr nj\u00eb faz\u00eb t\u00eb riprodhimit n\u00ebn kontrollin e njeriut dhe kjo na ndihmoi t\u00eb shkurtonim ndjesh\u00ebm afatet kohore t\u00eb eksperimentit.\u201d<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Nj\u00eb dhelp\u00ebr e zbutur<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

Dhelprat q\u00eb u edukuan kryesisht ishin dhelpra argjendi t\u00eb importuara nga Kanadaja n\u00eb vitet 1920. Ato u soll\u00ebn n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb shum\u00eb agresive: Ato do t\u00eb sulmonin njer\u00ebzit dhe do t’i kafshonin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb eg\u00ebr, dhe fermat e g\u00ebzofit n\u00eb Rusi u befasuan me propozimin e Belyayev. “Ne ve\u00e7uam dhelprat q\u00eb nuk shfaqnin nj\u00eb eg\u00ebrsi t\u00eb theksuar fort ndaj njer\u00ebzve dhe ishin pak a shum\u00eb tolerante ndaj njer\u00ebzve – dhe k\u00ebto ishin raste t\u00eb izoluara n\u00eb fermat tona t\u00eb g\u00ebzofit.”- thot\u00eb Trut. M\u00eb pas dhelprat e zgjedhura u vendos\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb ferm\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, jo shum\u00eb larg Akademgorodok-ut n\u00eb Novosibirsk. Rezultatet e para filluan t\u00eb shfaqen kat\u00ebr vjet m\u00eb von\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u2018Tund bishtin si nj\u00eb qen\u2019<\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Nj\u00eb rojtar luan me nj\u00eb dhelp\u00ebr t\u00eb zbutur n\u00eb ferm\u00ebn e Institutit t\u00eb Citologjis\u00eb dhe Gjenetik\u00ebs<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

K\u00eblyshi i par\u00eb i dhelpr\u00ebs q\u00eb filloi t\u00eb tundte bishtin kur nj\u00eb njeri i afrohej lindi n\u00eb vitin 1963. N\u00eb brezat pasues, dhelprat filluan t\u00eb l\u00ebpinin duart e njer\u00ebzve dhe duke k\u00ebrkuar q\u00eb t\u00eb ledhatoheshin ose q\u00eb t\u2019u f\u00ebrkohej barku. Pastaj ata filluan t\u00eb pranonin nj\u00eb kontakt sy m\u00eb sy, i cili n\u00eb natyr\u00eb konsiderohet si nj\u00eb veprim i hapur i agresionit. N\u00eb vitin 1975, dhelpra e par\u00eb lindi k\u00eblyshin e saj n\u00eb nj\u00eb barrel\u00eb nd\u00ebrsa jetonte p\u00ebrkrah njer\u00ebzve, dhe pastaj filloi t\u00eb l\u00ebshonte nj\u00eb britm\u00eb si qen. Gjat\u00eb zbutjes, dhelprat Belyaev zhvilluan shenja n\u00eb form\u00ebn e “yjeve”, bishti dhe vesh\u00ebt e tyre t\u00eb dredhur filluan t\u00eb ruajn\u00eb nj\u00eb pamje t\u00eb mitur edhe n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn e rritur. Dhelprat sht\u00ebpiake mbajn\u00eb nj\u00eb er\u00eb mjaft specifike nga paraardh\u00ebsit e tyre t\u00eb eg\u00ebr, por rreziku i kafshimit ose sjelljes s\u00eb tyre agresive praktikisht nuk ekziston, besojn\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sot, pasuesit e Dmitry Belyayev po studiojn\u00eb zbutjen e kafsh\u00ebve n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn. Lyudmila Trut vazhdon k\u00ebrkimet e saj n\u00eb Institutin e Citologjis\u00eb dhe Gjenetik\u00ebs – n\u00eb fund t\u00eb fundit, 60 vjet \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb moment i shkurt\u00ebr n\u00eb aspektin evolucionar dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh pyetjesh kan\u00eb mbetur pa p\u00ebrgjigje. A mund t\u00eb lindin dhelpra sht\u00ebpiake, n\u00ebse nj\u00eb dhelp\u00ebr agresive bashkohet me nj\u00eb t\u00eb zbutur? Apo pse dhelprat Belyayev ndryshojn\u00eb pamjen n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb dhe jo n\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr?<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a>

Nj\u00eb punonj\u00ebse mban nj\u00eb dhelp\u00ebr t\u00eb zbutur<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p><\/div>\n

\u201cEksperimenti yn\u00eb n\u00eb Novosibirsk ka krijuar nj\u00eb dhelp\u00ebr krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb re, nj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ka ekzistuar kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb. Njer\u00ebzit i blejn\u00eb nga ne dhe i marrin n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb bot\u00ebn.\u201d<\/em>– thot\u00eb Lyudmila Trut. Ajo thot\u00eb se asnj\u00eb k\u00ebrkim n\u00eb zbutjen e dhelprave t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji nuk ka ndodhur askund tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb bot\u00eb – shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt rus\u00eb kan\u00eb kryer pun\u00eb shkencore n\u00eb nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb industriale n\u00eb vendin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh n\u00eb bot\u00eb. Ajo vler\u00ebson se gjat\u00eb k\u00ebtyre viteve ata kan\u00eb edukuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 60,000 dhelpra me nj\u00eb prirje miq\u00ebsore ndaj njer\u00ebzve. \u201cSigurisht, jo t\u00eb gjitha k\u00ebto dhelpra u mbajt\u00ebn n\u00eb institut. Kishim largime, si t\u00eb thuash, n\u00eb fermat e g\u00ebzofit n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin, por dhelpra sht\u00ebpiake u zhvillua n\u00eb ferm\u00ebn ton\u00eb eksperimentale n\u00eb Akademgorodok.”<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

VINI RE:<\/span> Ky artikull \u00ebsht\u00eb pron\u00eb intelektuale e Russia Beyond\/<\/a><\/span> P\u00ebrshtati n\u00eb shqip Hashtag.al<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Evolucioni iu desh\u00ebn 15,000 vjet p\u00ebr t’i kthyer ujq\u00ebrit n\u00eb qen. Tani, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt nga Novosibirsk n\u00eb Rusi kan\u00eb arritur t\u00eb edukojn\u00eb dhelpra t\u00eb zbutura n\u00eb vet\u00ebm 60 vjet. Dhelpra Gerda \u00ebsht\u00eb e preferuara midis f\u00ebmij\u00ebve dhe t\u00eb rriturve n\u00eb Novosibirsk. Ajo adhuron t\u00eb luaj\u00eb me topa tenisi, t’i p\u00ebrk\u00ebdhelin vesh\u00ebt t\u00eb bjer\u00eb n\u00eb gjum\u00eb pran\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":30,"featured_media":428400,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,53,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-428393","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ballina","category-fast-foodi","category-super-click"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/428393","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/30"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=428393"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/428393\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/428400"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=428393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=428393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=428393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}