{"id":423247,"date":"2021-01-01T16:31:34","date_gmt":"2021-01-01T15:31:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hashtag.al\/?p=423247"},"modified":"2021-01-29T21:01:36","modified_gmt":"2021-01-29T20:01:36","slug":"paradoksi-i-pushtetit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2021\/01\/01\/paradoksi-i-pushtetit\/","title":{"rendered":"Paradoksi i pushtetit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Nga Irena Beqiraj<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Ne\u0308 shekullin e 19, historiani britanik, Lord Acton, do te\u0308 ve\u0308rente se \u201cpushteti tenton te\u0308 korruptoje\u0308 dhe pushteti absolut te\u0308 korrupton te\u0308re\u0308sisht\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

Qe\u0308 nga ajo kohe\u0308, studiuesit duke filluar nga psikologe\u0308t, neurologe\u0308t, historiane\u0308t, ekonomiste\u0308t, kane\u0308 studiuar ne\u0308 nje\u0308 katalog te\u0308 plote\u0308 ke\u0308te\u0308 the\u0308nie. Dacher Keltner e quajti \u201cparadoksi i pushtetit\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u201cSado modest\u00eb, idealiste\u0308, te\u0308 shkolluar, te\u0308 ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj ligjit edhe qeverisjes se\u0308 mire\u0308 t\u2019i zgjedhim udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit, sapo ata mb\u00ebrrijn\u00eb ne\u0308 maje\u0308n e pushtetit, gjith\u00e7ka zhduket si me magji\u201d.<\/span><\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

N\u00eb nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb vitit 2014, tre neurolog\u00eb amerikan\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00ebn nj\u00eb makin\u00eb stimuluese magnetike p\u00ebr t\u00eb provuar efektet e pushtetit. Ata zbuluan se ndjenja e pushtetit de\u0308mton re\u0308nde\u0308 procesin mendor qe\u0308 quhet ndryshe \u201cpasqyrim\u201d, i cili luan rolin kryesor ne\u0308 pe\u0308rcaktimin e ndjesive dhe te\u0308 ndjeshme\u0308rise\u0308. <\/span><\/p>\n

Qeniet njere\u0308zore kane\u0308 tendenc\u00ebn \u201cte\u0308 pasqyrojne\u0308\u201d gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Dikush tjet\u00ebr qesh, edhe ju qeshni; dikush m\u00ebrzitet, kjo ju me\u0308rzit edhe juve. Individ\u00ebt me pushtet sipas neurologe\u0308ve \u201cpasqyrojn\u00eb\u201d shum\u00eb m\u00eb pak. Sipas studimit, ata humbasin lidhjen me qeniet e tjera njer\u00ebzore, ose shke\u0308puten nga realiteti. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kjo i be\u0308n edhe me\u0308 cinik, i shtyn t\u2019i shikojne\u0308 te\u0308 tjere\u0308t ne\u0308 nje\u0308 drite\u0308 negative. Ata kane\u0308 shume\u0308 gjasa te\u0308 mendojne\u0308 se shumica e njer\u00ebzve jan\u00eb dembel\u00eb, jo t\u00eb besuesh\u00ebm, se njer\u00ebzit duhet te\u0308 mbik\u00ebqyren, monitorohen, menaxhohen, rregullohen, pse jo edhe te\u0308 censurohen. Thjesht ndihen superior\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ato mund te\u0308 gjykojne\u0308, por \u00e7do gjykim mbi ta e\u0308shte\u0308 i ge\u0308njeshte\u0308rt, i padenje\u0308, e\u0308shte\u0308 nje\u0308 paragjykim i bazuar tek padituria, apo negativiteti. Pushteti e\u0308shte\u0308 \u201cnje\u0308 substance\u0308\u201d qe\u0308 jo vete\u0308m krijon vare\u0308si, por shkakton efektet ane\u0308sore te\u0308 supremacise\u0308 edhe mungese\u0308s se\u0308 ndjeshme\u0308rise\u0308. <\/span><\/p>\n

Pushteti transformon, duke de\u0308mtuar racionalitetin e te\u0308 menduarit. Prandaj pushtetare\u0308t kapen duke be\u0308re\u0308 po te\u0308 nj\u00ebjtat praktika keqqeverisje, mosrespektimi te\u0308 ligjit edhe te\u0308 etik\u00ebs, edhe pse ke\u0308to te\u0308 fundit, i kane\u0308 de\u0308nuar me force\u0308 gjate\u0308 kohe\u0308s kur nuk kane\u0308 qen\u00eb ne\u0308 pushtet. <\/span><\/p>\n

Historia thjesht pe\u0308rse\u0308ritet. Kjo shpjegon faktin pse shume\u0308 revolucione, si ai francez i shekullit 18 -te\u0308 (1789), ai rus i vitit 1917, apo Pranvera Arabe (2011), te\u0308 cile\u0308t jane\u0308 ushqyer nga e nje\u0308jta dinamike\u0308 \u201cmasat qe\u0308 p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbysin nj\u00eb udhe\u0308heqe\u0308s tiran\u201d, kane\u0308 d\u00ebshtuar. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ne\u0308 ge\u0308rmadhat e re\u0308nies se\u0308 nje\u0308 despoti e\u0308shte\u0308 ngjitur nj\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs, i cili padyshim ka zhvilluar epshin e tij te\u0308 pangopur p\u00ebr pushtet. Revolucioni Francez solli Napoleonin. Revolucioni Rus prodhoi Leninin dhe Stalinin. Egjipti, gjithashtu, po pe\u0308rjeton pushtetin e nj\u00eb diktatori tjete\u0308r. <\/span><\/p>\n

As pake\u0308naqe\u0308sia e shfaqur ndaj lider\u00ebve dhe njer\u00ebzve ne\u0308 pushtet, nuk na ka siguruar qe\u0308 pasardhe\u0308si do te\u0308 jete\u0308 i imunizuar ndaj substance\u0308s se\u0308 pushtetit. Pavare\u0308sisht profesionit artist, ekonomist, jurist, mjek apo inxhinier, pavare\u0308sisht prejardhjes nga jugu apo veriu, pavare\u0308sisht karakterit bajraktar, apo te\u0308 djalit modern te\u0308 bulevardit, pavare\u0308sisht se kur nuk kane\u0308 qen\u00eb ne\u0308 pushtet, kane\u0308 shfaqur vizionin, pe\u0308rulte\u0308sine\u0308, idealet e burrave te\u0308 shtetit, lidere\u0308t pe\u0308rfundojne\u0308 ne\u0308 pushtetare\u0308 te\u0308 re\u0308ndomte\u0308 t\u00eb cile\u0308t jane\u0308 gati te\u0308 be\u0308jne\u0308 \u00e7do gje\u0308 pe\u0308r ta mbajtur ate\u0308.<\/span><\/p>\n

E pra, nuk jane\u0308 emrat qe\u0308 na sigurojne\u0308 qe\u0308 pushteti nuk do t\u2019i korruptoje\u0308, por jane\u0308 sistemet qe\u0308 sipas ekonomistit amerikan, Dr.Robert Klitgaard, duhet te\u0308 kufizojne\u0308 monopolizimin e pushtetit, duhet te\u0308 minimizojne\u0308 diskrecionin dhe te\u0308 rrisin llogaridhe\u0308nien. Ky e\u0308shte\u0308 sistemi pe\u0308r te\u0308 cilin fliste kryetari i opozite\u0308s ne\u0308 vitin 2013, por qe\u0308 de\u0308shtoi kat\u00ebrcip\u00ebrisht ta instalonte nje\u0308 te\u0308 tille\u0308.<\/span><\/p>\n

Sot pushteti ne\u0308 duart e liderit e\u0308shte\u0308 absolut. Aq shume\u0308 pushtet ka akumuluar ne\u0308 duart e tij sa \u00e7do funksion apo vendimmarrje e organeve te\u0308 tjera, te\u0308 cilat jane\u0308 padyshim mekanizma e balance\u0308s dhe kontrollit, konsiderohet nga ai vet\u00eb akte formale. <\/span><\/p>\n

Aq shume\u0308 diskrecion ka ne\u0308 zbatimin e ligjit dhe ndjekjes se\u0308 procedurave, sa shumica e tyre nuk zbatohen fare duke mbetur shkrime te\u0308 harruara ne\u0308 fletoret zyrtare. Ne\u0308 vend te\u0308 zbatimit te\u0308 tyre, sot pe\u0308r \u00e7do \u00e7\u00ebshtje kemi nje\u0308 procedure\u0308 te\u0308 ve\u00e7ante\u0308 diskrete te\u0308 miratuar me ligj te\u0308 ve\u00e7ante\u0308 te\u0308 kopsitur sipas de\u0308shire\u0308s se\u0308 qeveris\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Llogaridhe\u0308nia e\u0308shte\u0308 nje\u0308 nocion i degraduar vete\u0308m ne\u0308 debatin pa vlere\u0308 te\u0308 liderit me gazetare\u0308t, ku ka munges\u00eb te\u0308 theksuar te\u0308 komunikimit te\u0308 rezultateve qe\u0308 pritet nga vendimmarrjet e qeverise\u0308 apo paqarte\u0308si te\u0308 plote\u0308 ne\u0308 argumentimin e tyre, edhe pse jane\u0308 vendime qe\u0308 do te\u0308 ndikojne\u0308 pe\u0308r nje\u0308 kohe\u0308 te\u0308 gjate\u0308 ne\u0308 jete\u0308n e qytetare\u0308ve.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne\u0308se ndonje\u0308 i majte\u0308 ke\u0308to rreshta do t\u2019i konsideronte akuze\u0308 pe\u0308r liderin ne\u0308 pushtet do te\u0308 gabohej, ne\u0308se ndonje\u0308 i djathte\u0308 do ta pe\u0308rcaktote qe\u0308llimin e ke\u0308tyre rreshtave, si ulje te\u0308 pritshm\u00ebrive ndaj liderit qe\u0308 pretendon te\u0308 vij\u00eb ne\u0308 pushtet, pe\u0308rse\u0308ri gabohet. <\/span><\/p>\n

Qe\u0308llimi i ke\u0308tyre rreshtave kalon pe\u0308rtej emrave te\u0308 humane\u0308ve qe\u0308 na kane\u0308 drejtuar apo pretendojne\u0308 te\u0308 na drejtojne\u0308. <\/span><\/p>\n

Shkenca sot na tregon se humane\u0308t pa pe\u0308rjashtim jane\u0308 ndikuar dhe do te\u0308 vazhdojne\u0308 te\u0308 ndikohen nga substanca qe\u0308 le\u0308shon ne\u0308 trurin e tyre brilant pushteti, ne\u0308se shoqe\u0308ria nuk imponon me \u00e7do kusht nde\u0308rtimin e sistemeve, te\u0308 cilat kufizojne\u0308 pushtetin e tyre, ulin diskrecionin ne\u0308 vendimmarrje dhe rrisin llogaridhe\u0308nien, si te\u0308 vetmet munde\u0308si qe\u0308 siguron e integritet ne\u0308 ekzekutimin e pushtetit.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Irena Beqiraj Ne\u0308 shekullin e 19, historiani britanik, Lord Acton, do te\u0308 ve\u0308rente se \u201cpushteti tenton te\u0308 korruptoje\u0308 dhe pushteti absolut te\u0308 korrupton te\u0308re\u0308sisht\u201d. Qe\u0308 nga ajo kohe\u0308, studiuesit duke filluar nga psikologe\u0308t, neurologe\u0308t, historiane\u0308t, ekonomiste\u0308t, kane\u0308 studiuar ne\u0308 nje\u0308 katalog te\u0308 plote\u0308 ke\u0308te\u0308 the\u0308nie. Dacher Keltner e quajti \u201cparadoksi i pushtetit\u201d.   \u201cSado […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":51,"featured_media":288265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-423247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-editorial"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/423247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=423247"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/423247\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/288265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=423247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=423247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=423247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}