{"id":413085,"date":"2020-11-22T23:08:19","date_gmt":"2020-11-22T22:08:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hashtag.al\/?p=413085"},"modified":"2020-11-22T23:10:38","modified_gmt":"2020-11-22T22:10:38","slug":"edi-rama-demagogu-i-fundit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2020\/11\/22\/edi-rama-demagogu-i-fundit\/","title":{"rendered":"Edi Rama – Demagogu i fundit","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"Alias-Autor: Erl Kodra<\/strong><\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

– Nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl shkrimesh mbi fatkeq\u00ebsin\u00eb ton\u00eb-<\/span><\/p>\n

Sipas historianit amerikan Reinhard Luthin, demagogu \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0 “… nj\u00eb politikan i aft\u00eb n\u00eb oratori, lajka dhe gjuh\u00eb fyese; evaziv n\u00eb diskutimin e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve jetike; q\u00eb premton gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb; q\u00eb u drejtohet pasioneve dhe jo arsyes njer\u00ebzore; q\u00eb ngre pesh\u00eb racat, besimtar\u00ebt dhe paragjykimet klasore – i etur p\u00ebr pushtet pa parime, dhe q\u00eb k\u00ebrkon t\u00eb b\u00ebhet mjesht\u00ebr i masave. Q\u00eb ka ushtruar p\u00ebr shekuj me radh\u00eb profesionin si “njeri i popullit”. Q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb produkt i nj\u00eb tradite politike t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr sa vet\u00eb civilizimi per\u00ebndimor.”<\/span><\/p>\n

James Fenimore Cooper, shkrimtar amerikan i gjysm\u00ebs s\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb shekullit XIX, n\u00eb vitin 1838 identifikoi kat\u00ebr karakteristika themelore t\u00eb demagog\u00ebve:<\/span><\/p>\n

– Paraqiten si njer\u00ebz t\u00eb dal\u00eb nga populli i thjesht\u00eb, q\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtojn\u00eb elitat.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Politika e tyre varet nga nj\u00eb lidhje e brendshme me njer\u00ebzit, q\u00eb tejkalon popullaritetin e zakonsh\u00ebm politik.<\/span><\/p>\n

– Manipulojn\u00eb lidhjet dhe popullaritetin p\u00ebr p\u00ebrfitimet dhe ambiciet e tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n

– K\u00ebrc\u00ebnojn\u00eb ose thyejn\u00eb plot\u00ebsisht rregullat e vendosura t\u00eb sjelljes, institucionet, madje edhe ligjin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Karakteristika kryesore e demagogjis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb bindja me an\u00eb t\u00eb pasionit, mbyllja e diskutimit t\u00eb arsyetuar ose shqyrtimi i alternativave. Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb shum\u00eb politikan\u00eb n\u00eb demokraci b\u00ebjn\u00eb her\u00eb pas here sakrifica t\u00eb vogla me t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn, p\u00ebr t\u00eb ruajtur mb\u00ebshtetjen popullore, demagog\u00ebt i b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebto gj\u00ebra pa pushim dhe pa asnj\u00eb vet\u00ebp\u00ebrmbajtje. Demagog\u00ebt “i jepen pasionit, paragjykimit, fanatizmit dhe injoranc\u00ebs, n\u00eb vend t\u00eb arsyes”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Thomas Macaula thot\u00eb: “N\u00eb \u00e7do epok\u00eb, ekzemplar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb ndyr\u00eb t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs njer\u00ebzore mund t\u00eb gjenden midis demagog\u00ebve”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demagog\u00ebt kan\u00eb lindur n\u00eb \u00e7do demokraci, q\u00eb nga Athina e lasht\u00eb deri n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e sotme. Megjith\u00ebse shumica e demagog\u00ebve kan\u00eb personalitete unike, plot ngjyra, taktikat e tyre psikologjike kan\u00eb mbetur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjta p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb historis\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kleoni i Athin\u00ebs konsiderohet demagogu i par\u00eb, ai mbahet mend kryesisht p\u00ebr brutalitetin e sundimit dhe shkat\u00ebrrimin e demokracis\u00eb Athinase, q\u00eb buron nga thirrja e tij p\u00ebr “njer\u00ebzit e thjesht\u00eb” q\u00eb t\u00eb shp\u00ebrfillin zakonet e moderuara t\u00eb elit\u00ebs aristokratike. <\/span><\/p>\n

Demagog\u00ebt modern\u00eb p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb Adolf Hitler, Benito Mussolini, Huey Long, At Coughlin dhe Joseph McCarthy, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuan lidhje masat n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn m\u00ebnyr\u00eb si Cleon: duke eksituar pasionet e turm\u00ebs kund\u00ebr zakoneve t\u00eb moderuara t\u00eb elitave aristokratike t\u00eb koh\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n

T\u00eb gjith\u00eb, antik\u00eb dhe modern\u00eb, p\u00ebrmbushin kat\u00ebr kriteret e Cooper-it: pretendimi p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar njer\u00ebzit e thjesht\u00eb, nxitja e pasioneve t\u00eb forta mes tyre, shfryt\u00ebzimi i atyre reagimeve p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb pushtetin dhe thyerja ose prishtja e rregullave t\u00eb vendosura t\u00eb sjelljes politike, megjith\u00ebse secili n\u00eb m\u00ebnyra t\u00eb ndryshme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demagog\u00ebt shfryt\u00ebzojn\u00eb nj\u00eb dob\u00ebsi t\u00eb p\u00ebrhershme t\u00eb demokracive: numri i madh i votave n\u00eb shtresat varf\u00ebra t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb dhe njer\u00ebzve m\u00eb pak t\u00eb arsimuar – njer\u00ebz t\u00eb prirur t\u00eb fshikullohen nga t\u00ebrbimi. <\/span><\/p>\n

Demagog\u00ebt e shnd\u00ebrrojn\u00eb pushtetin q\u00eb buron nga mb\u00ebshtetja popullore n\u00eb nj\u00eb forc\u00eb q\u00eb minon lirit\u00eb dhe shtetin e s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs. Sipas historianit grek Polibi “demokracit\u00eb zhb\u00ebhen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb pashmangshme nga demagog\u00ebt, dhe p\u00ebrfundimisht, \u00e7do demokraci kalbet nga nj\u00eb qeveri e dhunshme q\u00eb drejtohet me dor\u00eb t\u00eb fort\u00eb”.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nd\u00ebrsa men\u00e7uria konvencionale vendos demokracin\u00eb dhe fashizmin si t\u00eb kund\u00ebrta, p\u00ebr teoricien\u00ebt e lasht\u00eb politik\u00eb demokracia kishte nj\u00eb tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb lindur p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb qeveri ekstreme populiste dhe u dha demagog\u00ebve t\u00eb paskrupullt mund\u00ebsin\u00eb ideale p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb pushtetin. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, Ivo Mosley argumentoi se regjimet totalitare mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb rezultati logjik i demokracis\u00eb masive t\u00eb pafrenuar.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"Metodat<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nj\u00eb demagog gjithmon\u00eb k\u00ebrkon dhe shenjestron nj\u00eb armik t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm ose t\u00eb brendsh\u00ebm, duke e ndar\u00eb njer\u00ebzin\u00eb n\u00eb “ne t\u00eb mir\u00ebt” dhe “ata t\u00eb k\u00ebqinjt\u00eb, q\u00eb nuk i hyjn\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00eb as dreqit”. Hitleri faj\u00ebsoi hebrenjt\u00eb si t\u00eb keqen e madhe, q\u00eb soll\u00ebn humbjen e Gjermanis\u00eb n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, si dhe problemet ekonomike q\u00eb pasuan at\u00eb luft\u00eb. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kjo ishte thelb\u00ebsore p\u00ebr shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz, sepse shum\u00eb gjerman\u00eb than\u00eb se e vetmja arsye q\u00eb u p\u00eblqente Hitleri, ishte se ai po u tregonte vendin hebrenj\u00ebve. Prandaj “rregullimi i fajit” i dha Hitlerit dor\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb t\u00eb ruaj\u00eb unitetin dhe intensifikoj\u00eb nacionalizmin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Komunist\u00ebt dhe demagog\u00ebt shpesh operojn\u00eb me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat mjete propagandistike, si njer\u00ebz t\u00eb popullit t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb, q\u00eb mendojn\u00eb dit\u00eb e nat\u00eb p\u00ebr hallet e tyre, se pushteti q\u00eb buron nga populli \u00ebsht\u00eb pushteti i tyre popullor (q\u00eb nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb). <\/span><\/p>\n

Ata gjithmon\u00eb apelojn\u00eb p\u00ebr armiqt\u00eb q\u00eb nuk flen\u00eb kurr\u00eb, t\u00eb gatsh\u00ebm t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb hell popullin e thjesht\u00eb. Pavar\u00ebsisht se ndryshimi thelb\u00ebsor mes demagog\u00ebve dhe komunist\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb metoda e marrjes s\u00eb pushtetit, ata operojn\u00eb me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat metoda p\u00ebr ruajtur pushtetin e tyre. <\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse komunist\u00ebt vijn\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet nga revolucionet dhe themelojn\u00eb shtete terrori, demagog\u00ebt vijn\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet me vot\u00eb dhe kthehen n\u00eb diktatura. Gjat\u00eb pushtetit t\u00eb tyre, t\u00eb dy pal\u00ebt pretendojn\u00eb legjitimitet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet mashtrimit dhe g\u00ebnjeshtr\u00ebs, teorive t\u00eb komplotit dhe armiq\u00ebve imagjinar\u00eb. Kur nj\u00eb g\u00ebnjesht\u00ebr nuk funksionin, ata hidhen n\u00eb g\u00ebnjeshtra t\u00eb tjera m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, m\u00eb t\u00eb shum\u00ebta, m\u00eb t\u00eb paskrupullta.<\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Karizma emocionale dhe karizma personale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Demagog\u00ebt demonstrojn\u00eb aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb l\u00ebkundur audiencat n\u00eb thell\u00ebsi dhe lart\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha emocionale. Ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb kjo vjen p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb elokuenc\u00ebs s\u00eb lart\u00eb, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb prej karizm\u00ebs personale, por edhe nga kombinimi i t\u00eb dyjave. Adolf Hitler i kishte t\u00eb dyja. Syt\u00eb e tij kishin nj\u00eb efekt hipnotik tek shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ai i fillonte fjalimet duke folur ngadal\u00eb, me nj\u00eb z\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt dhe rezonant, duke treguar p\u00ebr jet\u00ebn e tij n\u00eb varf\u00ebri pasi sh\u00ebrbeu n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Par\u00eb, duke vuajtur kaosin dhe posht\u00ebrimin e Gjermanis\u00eb s\u00eb pasluft\u00ebs, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduar n\u00eb nj\u00eb kulm urrejtjeje ndaj hebrenjve, \u00e7ek\u00ebve, polak\u00ebve ose cilitdo grup q\u00eb ai e perceptonte se e pengonte n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e tij – duke i shar\u00eb, mallkuar, fyer dhe k\u00ebrc\u00ebnuar me shkat\u00ebrrim dhe shfarosje. P\u00ebr fat t\u00eb keq, njer\u00ebz t\u00eb arsyesh\u00ebm u p\u00ebrfshin\u00eb nga frenetizmi, duke besuar n\u00eb g\u00ebnjeshtra dhe marr\u00ebzi.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edhe Enver Hoxha kishte aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb rralla aktrimi dhe oratorie, madje shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb sofistikuara se sa Adolf Hitler; ai ishte nj\u00eb demagog i lindur. Fjalimet e tij ishin plot pathos patriotik, p\u00ebr popullin shqiptar q\u00eb e ka \u00e7ar\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e historis\u00eb me shpat\u00eb ne dor\u00eb, p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb shk\u00ebmb graniti buz\u00eb Adriatikut, q\u00eb po nd\u00ebrton socializmin me forcat e veta, p\u00ebr Partin\u00eb dhe Udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsin e saj t\u00eb lavdish\u00ebm (p\u00ebr veten e vet) q\u00eb po u ndri\u00e7on rrug\u00ebn klas\u00ebs pun\u00ebtore n\u00eb bot\u00eb, n\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb eg\u00ebr me imperializmin amerikan dhe social-imperializmin sovjetik. <\/span><\/p>\n

Kulme t\u00eb tilla t\u00eb pakrahasueshme v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se do t\u00eb arrihen nga ndonj\u00eb demagog n\u00eb faqe t\u00eb dheut, ashtu si fjalimet e Hoxh\u00ebs; nj\u00eb burr\u00eb i gjat\u00eb, i pash\u00ebm, flok\u00ebbardh\u00eb, imponues si nj\u00eb per\u00ebndi; i friksh\u00ebm si nj\u00eb demon, ai kishte magjepsur shum\u00eb mendje t\u00eb \u00e7oroditura shqiptar\u00ebsh t\u00eb mjer\u00eb, q\u00eb ua kishte mbushur mendjen se bota \u00ebsht\u00eb pushtuar nga p\u00ebrnid\u00ebshat, dhe se vet\u00ebm populli shqiptar po jeton n\u00eb parajs\u00ebn socialiste t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nga Partia dhe Enveri. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e rastit se dit\u00ebn q\u00eb Enver Hoxha po p\u00ebrcillej p\u00ebr n\u00eb varreza, shum\u00eb shqiptar qanin me kuje, sikur bota t\u00eb ishte p\u00ebrmbysur.<\/span><\/p>\n

***<\/span><\/p>\n

Ne shqiptar\u00ebt kemi paguar \u00e7mim t\u00eb lart\u00eb duke ushqyer demagogjin\u00eb nga padituria dhe frika, nga skamja dhe servilizmi, nga urrejtja dhe komplekset tona. Shpesh her\u00eb demagog\u00ebt e shalojn\u00eb mjerimin ton\u00eb mendor dhe material, ia hypin nevojave tona elementare p\u00ebr mbijetes\u00eb; dhe k\u00ebshtu, ne mbetemi pengje t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetshme, k\u00ebsaj here t\u00eb nj\u00eb demagogu pervers dhe sharlatan si Edi Rama.<\/span><\/p>\n

Demagogjia e Edi Ram\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb e re p\u00ebr nga stili, por shum\u00eb e vjet\u00ebr p\u00ebr nga p\u00ebrmbajtja. Ai p\u00ebrdor\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtat metoda t\u00eb vjetra n\u00eb fjalimet e tij; g\u00ebnjeshtr\u00ebn, frik\u00ebsimin, shpifjen, talljen, p\u00ebr\u00e7mimin dhe demonizimin. <\/span><\/p>\n

E keqja \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb Partia Demokratike q\u00eb nuk i duhet as dreqit, \u00ebsht\u00eb Sali Berisha, \u00ebsht\u00eb Lul Gjumashi, q\u00eb papritur del se \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe armik dhe tradh\u00ebtar, i lidhur me rus\u00ebt dhe serb\u00ebt. Edi Rama ka gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00eb, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i miri, m\u00eb i zgjuari, m\u00eb i gjati, m\u00eb i drejti: ai ka stil, elokuenc\u00eb, oratori t\u00eb lart\u00eb – ai \u00ebsht\u00eb nx\u00ebn\u00ebsi i Fan Nolit dhe Faik Konic\u00ebs – ai ka sqim\u00ebn e Mithat Frash\u00ebrit dhe “madh\u00ebshtin\u00eb” e Enver Hoxh\u00ebs. <\/span><\/p>\n

Ai vishet ndryshe, plot stil dhe eleganc\u00eb, sitl t\u00eb cilin nuk e kuptojn\u00eb demokrat\u00ebt e pagdhendur, shpellar\u00ebt, verior\u00ebt dhe kosovar\u00ebt. Ai \u00ebsht\u00eb mik i liderve bot\u00ebror\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt magjepsen nga kultura e tij e gjer\u00eb, pikturat e tij, shakat\u00eb e tij. Gjestet e tij teatrale p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb fjalimeve n\u00eb Parlament para Kujtim Gjuzit tejkalojn\u00eb gjestet e Du\u00e7es, Hitlerit dhe Enverit t\u00eb marra s\u00eb bashku.<\/span><\/p>\n

Edi Rama \u00ebsht\u00eb pasqyra e mjerimit ton\u00eb shoq\u00ebror, social dhe kulturor.<\/span><\/p>\n

VINI RE<\/strong><\/span>: Autori shkruan n\u00eb rrjete sociale, me pseudonim. Hashtag.al<\/span> publikon sporadikisht shkrime anonimati, kur p\u00ebrmbajtja dhe argumentimi prevalon mbi identitetin dhe kur shkrimi nuk p\u00ebrmban q\u00ebndrime q\u00eb c\u00ebnojn\u00eb integritetin e nj\u00eb personi ose t\u00eb nj\u00eb institucioni.<\/em><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Alias-Autor: Erl Kodra – Nj\u00eb cik\u00ebl shkrimesh mbi fatkeq\u00ebsin\u00eb ton\u00eb- Sipas historianit amerikan Reinhard Luthin, demagogu \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0 “… nj\u00eb politikan i aft\u00eb n\u00eb oratori, lajka dhe gjuh\u00eb fyese; evaziv n\u00eb diskutimin e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve jetike; q\u00eb premton gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb; q\u00eb u drejtohet pasioneve dhe jo arsyes njer\u00ebzore; q\u00eb ngre pesh\u00eb racat, besimtar\u00ebt dhe paragjykimet […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":51,"featured_media":413087,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-413085","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413085","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/51"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=413085"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/413085\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/413087"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=413085"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=413085"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=413085"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}