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Rreth 60% e firmave t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimit q\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb leje n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn 2017-2019 n\u00eb kryeqytet nuk justifikojn\u00eb burimet e tyre financiare, nd\u00ebrsa vler\u00ebsohet se p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb periudh\u00eb 3 vje\u00e7are jan\u00eb pastruar n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim rreth 1.6 miliard\u00eb euro.<\/span><\/p>\n E dh\u00ebna b\u00ebhet e ditur n\u00eb raportin e sapopublikuar \u201cFlukset financiare t\u00eb paligjshme n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, Kosov\u00eb dhe Maqedonin\u00eb e Veriut\u201d, nj\u00eb publikim i \u201cNism\u00ebs Globale kund\u00ebr Krimit t\u00eb Organizuar Nd\u00ebrkufitar\u201d (Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime ) dhe i financuar nga projekti gjerman GIZ dhe Ministria e Jashtme Norvegjeze. Autoret e raportit jan\u00eb Tuesday Reitano dhe Kristina Amerhaiser.<\/span><\/p>\n Sipas raportit,\u00a0 nga 141 kompani q\u00eb kan\u00eb marr\u00eb leje nd\u00ebrtimi p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtesa m\u00eb t\u00eb larta sesa 6 kate midis 2017 dhe 2019, 59% e tyre nuk kishin kapacitetet financiare p\u00ebr t\u2019i p\u00ebrfunduar ato. Sipas bilanceve t\u00eb tyre, kompanit\u00eb kishin t\u00eb ardhura minimale dhe nuk kishin as asete dhe hua dhe as kompani t\u00eb lidhura, q\u00eb do tu mund\u00ebsonin t\u00eb b\u00ebnin nj\u00eb investim t\u00eb till\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Raporti b\u00ebn nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb paras\u00eb ilegale q\u00eb ka hyr\u00eb n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim k\u00ebto tre vjet duke u nisur nga tregues indirekte si kapaciteti financiar i firmave, kredia p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtim dhe huaja hipotekore.<\/span><\/p>\n Sipas raportit, Kredit\u00eb hipotekare mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren gjithashtu p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar shkall\u00ebn e pastrimit t\u00eb parave t\u00eb sektorit t\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb patundshme.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb vitin 2019, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri jan\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb rreth 200 milion euro kredi hipotekore. \u201cBankat zakonisht financojn\u00eb 50-70% t\u00eb vler\u00ebs s\u00eb apartamentit, nd\u00ebrsa pjesa tjet\u00ebr financohet p\u00ebrmes kursimeve personale. Kjo n\u00ebnkupton q\u00eb apartamente me vler\u00eb 300 \u2013 400 milion \u20ac jan\u00eb financuar nga kredit\u00eb hipotekare n\u00eb vitin 2019. <\/span><\/p>\n Megjithat\u00eb, statistikat tregojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar prona t\u00eb paluajtshme n\u00eb vler\u00eb totale 953 milion \u20ac, me diferenc\u00ebn q\u00eb supozohet se \u00ebsht\u00eb paguar nga bler\u00ebsi ose p\u00ebrmes kredive private. Nj\u00eb ekspert i pastrimit t\u00eb parave n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri vler\u00ebsoi se afro 500 milion euro u pastruan p\u00ebrmes sektorit t\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb patundshme n\u00eb vitin 2019 n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb. Duke p\u00ebrdorur t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn llogaritje p\u00ebr vitin 2017 dhe 2018 rezulton p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht se u pastruan 320 milion dhe 570 milion \u20ac. Kjo e \u00e7on vler\u00ebsimin total t\u00eb pastrimit t\u00eb parave n\u00eb 2017-2019 n\u00eb 1.6 miliard\u00eb euro\u201d, thuhet n\u00eb raport.<\/span><\/p>\n Sektori i nd\u00ebrtimit n\u00eb t\u00eb tre vendet \u00ebsht\u00eb ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht i ndjesh\u00ebm ndaj pastrimit t\u00eb parave p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb strukturimit t\u00eb tij. S\u00eb pari, shitjet e nd\u00ebrtimeve t\u00eb reja n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi funksionojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmes parapagimeve, duke u shitur p\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb filloj\u00eb nd\u00ebrtimi. <\/span><\/p>\n Industria \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht e bazuar n\u00eb cash, me agjent\u00ebt e pasurive t\u00eb patundshme n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, q\u00eb raportojn\u00eb se 40-50% e t\u00eb gjitha shitjeve b\u00ebhen ekskluzivisht n\u00eb cash. <\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb rastet kur shitjet vijn\u00eb nga marr\u00ebveshjet e financimit, k\u00ebto rrall\u00eb vijn\u00eb nga banka ose institucione t\u00eb tjera financiare, por p\u00ebrkundrazi jan\u00eb kredi private nga nd\u00ebrmarrje t\u00eb tjera tregtare. Sistemi i shk\u00ebmbimeve (barter) p\u00ebrdoret gjithashtu p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtime t\u00eb reja, me materialet e nd\u00ebrtimit q\u00eb shk\u00ebmbehen me apartamente t\u00eb p\u00ebrfunduara.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb, shumica e transaksioneve t\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb patundshme shmangin kontrollin e sistemit formal financiar q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ngrinte shqet\u00ebsimin p\u00ebr transaksione t\u00eb dyshimta.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb jet\u00eb skemat e tyre t\u00eb pastrimit, theksohet n\u00eb raport, grupet kriminale sh\u00ebnjestrojn\u00eb kompanit\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtimit dhe biznesmen\u00ebt n\u00eb situata t\u00eb paq\u00ebndrueshme financiarisht, q\u00eb kan\u00eb borxhe ose hua p\u00ebr t\u00eb shlyer. <\/span><\/p>\n Atyre u jepen shuma t\u00eb m\u00ebdha parash p\u00ebr t\u00eb investuar n\u00eb projekte nd\u00ebrtimi dhe blerjen e apartamenteve, me nj\u00eb marr\u00ebveshje joformale (zakonisht t\u00eb siguruara nga k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e dhun\u00ebs) q\u00eb apartamentet t\u2019ia kthejn\u00eb grupit kriminal pas p\u00ebrfundimit t\u00eb projektit.<\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb parat\u00eb e paligjshme p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr t\u00eb bler\u00eb aksione n\u00eb kompanin\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtimit n\u00eb k\u00ebmbim t\u00eb apartamenteve t\u00eb dh\u00ebna si pagesa pas p\u00ebrfundimit. Mos-deklarimi i vler\u00ebs s\u00eb apartamentit ose projektit lejon q\u00eb t\u00eb pastrohen fonde shtes\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Raporti shton se n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, p\u00ebrdorimi i gjer\u00eb i parave t\u00eb paligjshme n\u00eb industrin\u00eb e nd\u00ebrtimit ka ndikuar n\u00eb \u00e7mimet e pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme. N\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2019, \u00e7mimi mesatar i apartamenteve t\u00eb banimit n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb arriti pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1000 \u20ac p\u00ebr met\u00ebr katror. Kjo paraqet nj\u00eb norm\u00eb prej 16% t\u00eb rritjes nga viti 2016, kur filloi bumi i paligjsh\u00ebm i nd\u00ebrtimit. <\/span><\/p>\n Niveli i \u00e7mimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb sesa mund t\u00eb besohet, n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend ku t\u00eb ardhurat mesatare mujore jan\u00eb 420 \u20ac. Databaza globale e kostos s\u00eb jetes\u00ebs Numbeo i jep Tiran\u00ebs nj\u00eb raport \u00e7mim-t\u00eb ardhurash t\u00eb barabart\u00eb me ato t\u00eb Milanos, Mynihut dhe Mosk\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n Flukset e paligjshme financiare n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, Kosov\u00eb e Maqedoni<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Raporti thekson se t\u00eb gjitha provat sugjerojn\u00eb q\u00eb shkalla e flukseve financiare t\u00eb paligjshme (IFF) \u00ebsht\u00eb e lart\u00eb n\u00eb tre vendet, Shqip\u00ebri, Maqedoni dhe Kosov\u00eb, dhe se ato mund\u00ebsohen nga nj\u00eb num\u00ebr karakteristikash strukturore t\u00eb vendeve n\u00eb rajon: integrimi i tyre; ekonomit\u00eb e tyre t\u00eb m\u00ebdha informale, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb 30-40% n\u00eb t\u00eb tre vendet; dhe dob\u00ebsia e p\u00ebrgjithshme e shtetit, institucioneve shtet\u00ebrore dhe kulturave demokratike. <\/span><\/p>\n Gjeografikisht, rajoni ka sh\u00ebrbyer si nj\u00eb rrug\u00eb hyr\u00ebse midis Azis\u00eb dhe Evrop\u00ebs p\u00ebr drog\u00ebn, migracionin dhe nj\u00eb mori mallrash tregtare. Megjith\u00eb p\u00ebrparimin teknik t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb pajtueshm\u00ebris\u00eb me kornizat e anti-pastrimit t\u00eb parave dhe luftimin e financimit t\u00eb terrorizmit (AML \/ CFT) dhe avancimin e masave antikorrupsion dhe transparenc\u00eb, tiparet sistemike minojn\u00eb p\u00ebrparimin real dhe rezultatet.<\/span><\/p>\n Ekziston nj\u00eb kontrast i mpreht\u00eb midis shkall\u00ebs s\u00eb mund\u00ebsive n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb kriminale dhe ekonomis\u00eb legjitime. N\u00eb nj\u00eb rajon ku paga mesatare mujore luhatet midis 400 dhe 600 \u20ac n\u00eb muaj, dhe papun\u00ebsia e t\u00eb rinjve tejkalon 20%, tregtia tranzit n\u00eb trafikun e drog\u00ebs vler\u00ebsohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se gjysm\u00eb miliard\u00eb euro \u00e7do vit vet\u00ebm n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/span><\/p>\n IFF-t\u00eb mund\u00ebsohen gjithashtu nga nivelet kronike t\u00eb korrupsionit dhe ryshfetet q\u00eb p\u00ebrshkojn\u00eb \u00e7do nivel t\u00eb shtetit, duke filluar nga ryshfeti transaksional deri tek korrupsioni i madh n\u00eb prokurimin publik.<\/span><\/p>\n Figurat e lidhura me politik\u00ebn g\u00ebzojn\u00eb qasje t\u00eb privilegjuar n\u00eb industri fitimprur\u00ebse dhe mbrojtje politike p\u00ebr interesat e tyre. Duke pasur parasysh ndjenj\u00ebn e p\u00ebrhapur t\u00eb pand\u00ebshkueshm\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb shtet, qytetar\u00ebt e zakonsh\u00ebm shohin pak nxitje p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbatuar ligjin.<\/span><\/p>\n Vler\u00ebsimet e fundit nga organet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare sugjerojn\u00eb q\u00eb qeverit\u00eb n\u00eb rajon po nd\u00ebrmarrin n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive veprime p\u00ebr t\u00eb zvog\u00ebluar mbik\u00ebqyrjen nga institucionet e pavarura, dhe t\u00eb reduktojn\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekjet p\u00ebr transparenc\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrgjegjshm\u00ebri. Kjo p\u00ebrfshin sulmin ndaj mediave t\u00eb pavarura dhe mbylljen e hap\u00ebsir\u00ebs p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb civile.<\/span><\/p>\n
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