{"id":371043,"date":"2020-05-03T17:23:59","date_gmt":"2020-05-03T15:23:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hashtag.al\/?p=371043"},"modified":"2020-05-03T17:25:21","modified_gmt":"2020-05-03T15:25:21","slug":"vonesat-ne-drejtesi-sjellin-padrejtesi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/2020\/05\/03\/vonesat-ne-drejtesi-sjellin-padrejtesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Vonesat n\u00eb drejt\u00ebsi sjellin padrejt\u00ebsi","gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"text"}]},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nga Erina Caka<\/strong><\/span><\/em><\/p>\n

P\u00ebrballja me pandemin\u00eb Covid-19 ka vendosur njer\u00ebzimin, shtetet, institucionet shtet\u00ebrore, raportet njer\u00ebzore, n\u00eb sfida t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u2019u zgjidhur n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. Teksa sheh analiza t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb efekteve t\u00eb saj, kryesisht shqet\u00ebsime t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs ekonomike, t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare etj, jo pa r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi jan\u00eb dhe ndikimet e pasojave t\u00eb masave t\u00eb Covid-19, dhe n\u00eb sistemin e s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs apo dhe n\u00eb pushtetin delikat n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb, sic \u00ebsht\u00eb ai Gjyq\u00ebsor. Konkretisht, vendimmarrja e fundit e K\u00ebshillit t\u00eb Lart\u00eb Gjyq\u00ebsor, p\u00ebr rinisjen e aktivitetit gjyq\u00ebsor, t\u00eb sjell reflektime se si do t\u00eb jet\u00eb situata m\u00eb pas.<\/span><\/p>\n

Si n\u00eb \u00e7do sfer\u00eb tjet\u00ebr, jan\u00eb marr\u00eb masa t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb prekur zhvillimin e proceseve gjyq\u00ebsore n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, n\u00eb kuad\u00ebr t\u00eb nevoj\u00ebs emergjente t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb distancimit social. Nga pik\u00ebpamja juridike, teksa njihesh me aktet normative, vendimmarrjet e organeve p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse, shpesh ndodh t\u00eb ngrihen dyshime mbi ligjshm\u00ebrin\u00eb e tyre, dhe mbi pasojat e pezullimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre aktiviteteve, kur e gjith\u00eb kjo gjendje t\u00eb jet\u00eb \u201cshkrir\u00eb\u201d totalisht.<\/span><\/p>\n

Parimi i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm \u201cDrejt\u00ebsi e vonuar, \u00ebsht\u00eb drejt\u00ebsi e munguar\u201d, duket si kurr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb se do t\u00eb vihet \u201cn\u00eb loj\u00eb\u201d n\u00eb p\u00ebrballimin e k\u00ebsaj situate. Sistemi yn\u00eb gjyq\u00ebsor\u00eb ka kaluar nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb sfidash t\u00eb rend\u00ebsishme, t\u00eb domosdoshme p\u00ebr nevoj\u00ebn q\u00eb kishte p\u00ebr reformimin e tij, dhe kjo e fundit me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn po p\u00ebrballet, do t\u00eb vendos\u00eb m\u00eb n\u00eb pah problematikat, dhe do t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb e veprimtaris\u00eb s\u00eb tij. Pezullimi i aktivitetit gjyq\u00ebsor, shtron p\u00ebr diskutim efektet e k\u00ebtij pezullimi, nga pik\u00ebpamja kushtetuese, \u00a0e t\u00eb drejt\u00ebs proceduriale, materiale etj.<\/span><\/p>\n

Ky pezullim, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fakt i cili nuk ka prekur vet\u00ebm vendin ton\u00eb, por nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb shteteve t\u00eb prekura nga kjo pandemi, madje dhe vet\u00eb Gjykat\u00ebn Europiane t\u00eb t\u00eb Drejtave t\u00eb Njeriut e cila, n\u00eb komunikimin n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet kancelaris\u00eb s\u00eb saj, m\u00eb dat\u00eb 16.03.2020 vendosi pezullimin e aktivitetit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj Gjykate, me p\u00ebrjashtim t\u00eb rasteve q\u00eb paraqesin ngutshm\u00ebri n\u00eb gjykimin e tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nga pik\u00ebpamja kushtetuese, debatet kryesore jan\u00eb vendosur n\u00eb raportet Autoritet vs Liri apo Liri dhe t\u00eb drejta themelore vs Interesi i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, \u00a0N\u00eb aktet e nd\u00ebrmarra, me \u201cveshjen\u201d e domosdoshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb mbrojtjes s\u00eb interesave t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme, \u00ebsht\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar limitimi I disa t\u00eb drejtave dhe lirive themelore n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb nevoj\u00ebs emergjente t\u00eb ruajtjes s\u00eb distancimit social. Shqet\u00ebsimet e masave t\u00eb marra n\u00eb kushtet e emergjencave, jan\u00eb situatat n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat ndodhin dhe abuzimet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha m\u00eb pushtetin, pasi i jepet nj\u00eb \u201dveshje e p\u00ebrkohshme ligjore\u201d duke e shoq\u00ebruar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb me justifikimin e momentit, dhe urgjenc\u00ebn e tyre. Ky shqet\u00ebsim \u00ebsht\u00eb pasqyruar dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb opinion t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb publik dhe nga Komisioni I Venecias. N\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb raportit t\u00eb paraqitur prej tij, ai rendit nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb drejtash themelore t\u00eb cilat jan\u00eb m\u00eb sensitive n\u00eb situata t\u00eb tilla si\u00e7 jan\u00eb : \u00a0parimi i ligjshm\u00ebris\u00eb, ndarja e kompetencave, ndarja e pushteteve, t\u00eb drejtat e njeriut, monopoli shtet\u00ebror i forc\u00ebs, administrimi publik dhe i pavarur i drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb, mbrojtja e privat\u00ebsis\u00eb, e drejta e vot\u00ebs, liria e aksesit politik n\u00eb pushtet, pjes\u00ebmarrje demokratike dhe mbik\u00ebqyrje n\u00eb vendimmarrjen publike, transparenc\u00eb e qeverisjes, liria e shprehjes, grumbullimi dhe mbledhja, t\u00eb drejtat e pakicave, si dhe marr\u00ebdh\u00ebniet nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare sundimi i mazhoranc\u00ebs n\u00eb vendimmarrjen politike\u201d.<\/em><\/span><\/p>\n

Parimet e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb ligjshm\u00ebris\u00eb, i nj\u00eb procesi t\u00eb rregullt ligjor dhe i gjykimit brenda nj\u00eb afati t\u00eb arsyesh\u00ebm, jan\u00eb reflektuar n\u00eb t\u00eb drejt\u00ebn proceduriale, materiale, apo dhe n\u00eb ndryshimet e fundit ligjore t\u00eb b\u00ebra n\u00eb legjislacionin ton\u00eb, kryesisht n\u00eb Ligjin 49\/2012 \u201cP\u00ebr Gjykatat Administrative dhe gjykimin e mosmarr\u00ebveshjeve administrative\u201d apo dhe n\u00eb Kodin e Procedur\u00ebs Civile. N\u00eb reformimet e viteve t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb sistemit ton\u00eb ligjor, shihet q\u00ebllimi i legjislatorit p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb ndryshime t\u00eb cilat do t\u00eb sillnin reduktimin e panevojsh\u00ebm t\u00eb zvarritjes s\u00eb proceseve gjyq\u00ebsore. Tentativ\u00eb e cila, me k\u00ebt\u00eb problematik\u00eb t\u00eb re, mund ta kthej\u00eb gjendjen nga e para. K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 debateve kushtetuese, t\u00eb ngrihen dyshime mbi aktivitetin e proceseve gjyq\u00ebsore n\u00eb vijim.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00eb proceset gjyq\u00ebsore, nd\u00ebr elementet m\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb Koha<\/em>. Ky i fundit ka r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi thelb\u00ebsore sa i p\u00ebrket llogaritjes s\u00eb afateve t\u00eb ndryshme proceduriale, momentit t\u00eb lindjes apo shuarjes t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave apo detyrimeve, koh\u00ebzgjatja e p\u00ebrmbushjes ose jo t\u00eb t\u00eb drejtave dhe detyrimeve e t\u00eb tjera si k\u00ebto. Momenti n\u00eb t\u00eb cilin ndodhemi ka ndaluar s\u00eb ecuri k\u00ebt\u00eb faktor t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm, dhe po hasemi p\u00ebr h\u00ebr\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb me k\u00ebt\u00eb ngrirje absolute juridike.<\/span><\/p>\n

K\u00ebshtu,\u00a0 pezullimi i aktiviteteve gjyq\u00ebsore p\u00ebr 2 muaj e m\u00eb shum\u00eb, mund t\u00eb rrezikoj\u00eb interesat direkt t\u00eb shtetasve. P\u00ebr raste specifike, mund t\u00eb ndodhe q\u00eb ecja e koh\u00ebs de facto, dhe \u201cngrirja juridike\u201d, t\u00eb sjell\u00eb pamund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar zgjidhjen e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet gjykatave, dhe pal\u00ebt mund t\u00eb humbasin mund\u00ebsin\u00eb e p\u00ebrmbushjes direkt t\u00eb interesave t\u00eb tyre. Kjo pasi pamund\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb realizuar t\u00eb\u00a0 drejt\u00ebn apo k\u00ebrkimin e\u00a0 tyre, dhe ushtrimi i k\u00ebsaj t\u00eb drejte n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment t\u00eb dyt\u00eb, mund t\u00eb shkaktoj\u00eb humbje t\u00eb interesit ligjor. Sigurisht, shum\u00eb mund t\u00eb thon\u00eb se ka mekanizma t\u00eb tjer\u00eb ligjor\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb tutelojn\u00eb interesat e pal\u00ebve, si psh shp\u00ebrblimi i d\u00ebmit t\u00eb shkaktuar, por jo gjithmon\u00eb marrja e drejt\u00eb e nj\u00eb shp\u00ebrblimi pasqyron apo p\u00ebrmbush interesin e pal\u00ebs. Problematika si mosp\u00ebrmbushja e detyrimeve kontraktore, jo gjithmon\u00eb merr ekuivalenc\u00eb me shp\u00ebrblimin e d\u00ebmit.<\/span><\/p>\n

Mbi ngarkesa e mbartur e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve gjyq\u00ebsore, do t\u2019i shtohen nj\u00ebherazi dhe ato t\u00eb \u201cgrumbulluara\u201d gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kohe, \u00a0gj\u00eb e cila nuk mund t\u00eb zgjidhet vet\u00ebm me direktiva p\u00ebr vendimmarrje autonome t\u00eb secil\u00ebs Gjykat\u00eb, sipas gjykimit t\u00eb tyre. Situata e re n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndodhemi, n\u00eb disa sfera po zgjidhet n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet teknologjis\u00eb, dhe sh\u00ebrbimeve inovative t\u00eb saj, gj\u00eb e cila ka pasur dhe sukses, p\u00ebr t\u00eb mos penguar vijimin normal t\u00eb aktivitetit. Nj\u00eb zgjidhje e till\u00eb, ku t\u00eb \u201ck\u00ebrkohet\u201d ndihma e teknologjis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoret dhe t\u00eb reflektohet n\u00eb proceset gjyq\u00ebsore. Kjo pasi nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve kan\u00eb t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm raportin personal (ntuitus personae), ruajtjen e komunikimeve me avokatin, apo dhe vet\u00eb raportin me Gjykat\u00ebn, mungesa e t\u00eb cilave do t\u00eb cenonte thell\u00eb procesin n\u00eb vetvete.<\/span><\/p>\n

N\u00ebse shtetet e tjera e kan\u00eb t\u00eb konsoliduar sistemin e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb, infrastruktur\u00ebn e tij, apo dhe p\u00ebrfshirjen e teknologjis\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb, vendi yn\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb ende larg parametrave t\u00eb tyre. Problematika e k\u00ebsaj situate emergjente, n\u00eb sistemin e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb lidhet me rikthimin n\u00eb normalitet t\u00eb aktivitetit juridik dhe gjyq\u00ebsor dhe p\u00ebrdorimin e mjetet t\u00eb domosdoshme q\u00eb mund ta ndihmojn\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb pari<\/em> Institucionet shtet\u00ebrore dhe ato gjyq\u00ebsore, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrafrojn\u00eb zgjidhje me ato q\u00eb do t\u00eb aplikojn\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb dyti,<\/em> duke hedhur nj\u00eb v\u00ebshtrim mbi gjendjen e sistemit ton\u00eb gjyq\u00ebsor, vakuumet e krijuara n\u00eb Gjykatat shqiptare nga procesi i Vetting, mbingarkesa e gjykimeve, zgjidhet duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb dhe specifike mbi m\u00ebnyr\u00eb e administrimit t\u00eb gjendjes s\u00eb m\u00ebpasshme.<\/span><\/p>\n

Instituti q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndihmonte do t\u00eb ishte ai i nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit, i cili n\u00eb vazhd\u00ebn e mosmarr\u00ebveshjeve t\u00eb krijuara gjat\u00eb k\u00ebsaj periudhe, do t\u00eb ndihmonte n\u00eb uljen e numrit t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb cilat adresojn\u00eb zgjidhjet e tyre n\u00eb Gjykat\u00eb. Nxitja nga ana e autoriteteve p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse t\u00eb kultur\u00ebs s\u00eb zgjidhjes s\u00eb mosmarr\u00ebveshjeve n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet Nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimit do t\u00eb ishte mjeti q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndihmonte n\u00eb p\u00ebrballimin e mbingarkesave t\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve gjyq\u00ebsore t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj situate.<\/span><\/p>\n

Gjithashtu, \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur, q\u00eb jo t\u00eb gjitha llojet e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb regjistruara n\u00eb Gjykat\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebrisht pranin\u00eb e pal\u00ebve, hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ta krijon vet\u00eb Kodi i Procedur\u00ebs Civile i ndryshuar<\/em> (si p.sh k\u00ebrkesat civile, urdhrat e ekzekutimit etj). Gjykimi i \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve t\u00eb tjera mund t\u00eb zhvillohet me pranin\u00eb e p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesve t\u00eb zgjedhur prej pal\u00ebve, dhe pal\u00ebve t\u00eb domosdoshme p\u00ebr procesin.<\/span><\/p>\n

Parimi i kontradiktoritetit \u00ebsht\u00eb I r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm n\u00eb proceset gjyq\u00ebsore, pasi ndihmon n\u00eb krijimin e bindjes s\u00eb brendshme t\u00eb gjyqtarit, por natyra e disa mosmarr\u00ebveshjeve civile apo administrative, jo gjithmon\u00eb mund t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb pranin\u00eb e pal\u00ebve, pasi p\u00ebr k\u00ebto \u00e7\u00ebshtje \u201cflasin\u201d letrat, dokumentet. Autoritetet e drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb mund t\u00eb japin direktiva, q\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje t\u00eb tilla, ku q\u00ebndrimi i pal\u00ebve nd\u00ebrgjyq\u00ebse mund t\u00eb jepet me shkrim, dhe aktet provuese mund t\u00eb \u00e7ojn\u00eb n\u00eb zgjidhjen e \u00e7\u00ebshtjeve, do t\u00eb ndihmonte n\u00eb reduktimin e shtetasve t\u00eb cil\u00ebt derdhen n\u00eb dyert e Gjykatave, n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb mas\u00ebs s\u00eb distancimit social.<\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00eb fundmi, alternative tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00eb natyre miks t\u00eb atyre t\u00eb parashtruara m\u00eb sip\u00ebr, me huazimin e zgjidhjeve alternative t\u00eb aplikuara nga shtetet e tjera, duke i p\u00ebrafruar ato me nevojat emergjente t\u00eb proceseve gjyq\u00ebsore n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00ebshmin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe e dha vet\u00eb njer\u00ebzimi, i cili iu n\u00ebnshtrua k\u00ebtyre masave ekstreme, duke treguar se respektim apo garantimi i t\u00eb drejtave dhe lirive themelore, do t\u00eb thot\u00eb dhe cedim i pjessh\u00ebm i tyre n\u00eb funksion t\u00eb interesit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm.<\/span><\/p>\n

D\u00ebshmia tjet\u00ebr e madhe i takon institucioneve shtet\u00ebrore dhe autoriteteve t\u00eb larta t\u00eb pushtetit gjyq\u00ebsor, n\u00eb aplikimin e masave konkrete, dh\u00ebnien e zgjidhjeve efektive p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar dhe garantuar kthimin sa m\u00eb t\u00eb leht\u00eb n\u00eb normalitet aktivitetin gjyq\u00ebsor e mbi t\u00eb gjitha q\u00eb k\u00ebto \u201cvonesa\u201d n\u00eb drejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb sa m\u00eb pak padrejt\u00ebsi.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Nga Erina Caka P\u00ebrballja me pandemin\u00eb Covid-19 ka vendosur njer\u00ebzimin, shtetet, institucionet shtet\u00ebrore, raportet njer\u00ebzore, n\u00eb sfida t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr t\u2019u zgjidhur n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. Teksa sheh analiza t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb efekteve t\u00eb saj, kryesisht shqet\u00ebsime t\u00eb natyr\u00ebs ekonomike, t\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnieve nd\u00ebrkomb\u00ebtare etj, jo pa r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi jan\u00eb dhe ndikimet e pasojave t\u00eb masave t\u00eb Covid-19, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false,"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"rendered","format":"html"}]},"author":32,"featured_media":371044,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[20,13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-371043","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category-te-fundit"],"gt_translate_keys":[{"key":"link","format":"url"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371043","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/32"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=371043"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/371043\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/371044"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=371043"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=371043"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.hashtag.al\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=371043"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}