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Nj\u00eb studim q\u00eb vjen nga SHBA-ja hedh posht\u00eb nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb t\u00eb masave italiane p\u00ebr t\u00eb luftuar koronavirusin. Sipas analiz\u00ebs s\u00eb revist\u00ebs shkencore Harvard Business Review, botimi i nj\u00eb prej universiteteve m\u00eb t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm amerikan\u00eb, Italia ka b\u00ebr\u00eb disa gabime n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigje t\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjes s\u00eb Covid-19. Megjithat\u00eb, nj\u00eb studim i par\u00eb nga i nj\u00ebjti universitet kishte lavd\u00ebruar vendimin p\u00ebr ta vendosur t\u00eb gjith\u00eb vendin n\u00eb izolim, duke mbyllur aktivitetet dhe sh\u00ebrbimet tregtare. Tani, ky raport i dyt\u00eb sinjalizon politika t\u00eb gabuara q\u00eb do t\u00eb \u00e7onin n\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrhapje m\u00eb t\u00eb madhe t\u00eb epidemis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Fati i keq<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Edhe pse pjes\u00eb e kriz\u00ebs mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb pasur zhvillime q\u00eb “nuk mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00ebn kontrollin e plot\u00eb t\u00eb ligjv\u00ebn\u00ebsve”, ka disa pika q\u00eb n\u00ebnvizojn\u00eb se si udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit italian\u00eb jan\u00eb p\u00ebrballur me shum\u00eb pengesa “n\u00eb njohjen e mas\u00ebs s\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimit t\u00eb paraqitur nga Covid- 19, n\u00eb organizimin e nj\u00eb reagimi sistematik dhe t\u00eb m\u00ebsuarit se \u00e7far\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebsh nga sukseset e para dhe “d\u00ebshtimet”. Ajo q\u00eb ndodhi n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb, sipas studiuesve amerikan\u00eb, ishte “nj\u00eb d\u00ebshtim sistematik p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrvet\u00ebsuar dhe vepruar shpejt dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb efektive bazuar n\u00eb informacionin ekzistues. “Sepse, shpjegojn\u00eb ekspert\u00ebt, nuk kishte” munges\u00eb t\u00eb njohuris\u00eb s\u00eb plot\u00eb p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb duhej t\u00eb b\u00ebhej “, pasi kishte” shembullin e Kin\u00ebs “.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00ebnvler\u00ebsimi i rreziqeve<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb nga faktor\u00ebt e par\u00eb q\u00eb ka ndikuar n\u00eb zgjedhjet e qeveris\u00eb italiane do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb mekaniz\u00ebm psikologjik q\u00eb na b\u00ebn t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb informacione q\u00eb konfirmojn\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn ton\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb par\u00eb gj\u00ebrat, duke i hedhur posht\u00eb ato q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me vizionin ton\u00eb. N\u00eb praktik\u00eb, ne kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb gjith\u00e7ka p\u00ebr t\u00eb n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsuar rreziqet. “Probleme t\u00eb tilla si pandemit\u00eb, t\u00eb cilat evoluojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb jo lineare (p\u00ebr shembull, fillojn\u00eb t\u00eb vogla, por intensifikohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb eksponenciale), jan\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira p\u00ebr t’u marr\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsive n\u00eb interpretimin e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb asaj q\u00eb po ndodh”. Koha ideale p\u00ebr veprim \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb fillim, “kur k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb i vog\u00ebl” ose jo ekzistent, gj\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ka ndodhur n\u00eb Itali.<\/span><\/p>\n Fillimisht n\u00eb Itali k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi nuk u konsiderua si duhet. Dhe shembujt flasin vet\u00eb. Studimi i Harvardit kujton fushat\u00ebn “Milano nuk ndalet” n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn shum\u00eb politikan\u00eb shtr\u00ebnguan duart n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shkurtit, duke theksuar nevoj\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u00eb “mos u frik\u00ebsuar”. Dhe Nicola Zingaretti organizoi nj\u00eb pritje n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb Milanos. Studiuesit tregojn\u00eb gishtin tek politikan\u00ebt q\u00eb flasin p\u00ebr “paaft\u00ebsi sistematike p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar ekspert\u00eb” dhe p\u00ebr tu sjell\u00eb si duhet.<\/span><\/p>\n Jo masa graduale<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Studiuesit amerikan\u00eb theksojn\u00eb se sa e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen t\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb t\u00eb njohim aspektet q\u00eb na \u00e7ojn\u00eb t\u00eb n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsojm\u00eb nj\u00eb rrezik, ashtu si ndodhi n\u00eb rastin e Covid-19. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, ekspert\u00ebt e Harvardit hedhin posht\u00eb masat graduale, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb dekretet q\u00eb n\u00eb Itali kan\u00eb intensifikuar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb progresive izolimin shoq\u00ebror. Nuk ishte nj\u00eb vendim adekuat pasi ishte “n\u00eb kund\u00ebrshtim me p\u00ebrhapjen e shpejt\u00eb t\u00eb virusit” dhe sepse ajo q\u00eb po ndodhte n\u00eb zona t\u00eb ndryshme t\u00eb vendit tashm\u00eb e b\u00ebri t\u00eb qart\u00eb seriozitetin e situat\u00ebs. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, kjo lloj qasjeje, me nj\u00eb diferencim sipas zonave, ka shtyr\u00eb shum\u00eb njer\u00ebz t\u00eb ikin n\u00eb jug t\u00eb vendit, me rrezik shtes\u00eb p\u00ebrhapjen e virusit edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Linja e infektimeve<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Vendi nuk ka provuar t\u00eb jet\u00eb i aft\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00ebrheq\u00eb linj\u00ebn e infektimeve. Nj\u00eb problem q\u00eb, sipas ekspert\u00ebve amerikan\u00eb, lidhet me faktin se n\u00eb Itali Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsia menaxhohet ndryshe n\u00eb Rajone t\u00eb ndryshme. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht arsyeja pse ka pasur zona t\u00eb vendit q\u00eb kan\u00eb reaguar m\u00eb mir\u00eb se t\u00eb tjer\u00ebt. Shembulli \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i Lombardis\u00eb dhe Venetos. T\u00eb dy rajonet kan\u00eb aplikuar qasje t\u00eb ngjashme si distancimi shoq\u00ebror dhe mbylljet. Por Veneto ka miratuar masa t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb dobishme, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, “nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00eb i madh testesh, punonj\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojtur sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor dhe nj\u00eb gjurmim m\u00eb i shpejt\u00eb dhe efektiv i kontakteve”. Nj\u00eb politik\u00eb q\u00eb ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb rezultate m\u00eb t\u00eb mira.<\/span><\/p>\n Burimet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb luft\u00eb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebr pikat e dob\u00ebta t\u00eb veprimtaris\u00eb italiane ekziston edhe ajo e mbledhjes s\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave (s\u00eb pari shum\u00eb pak dhe pastaj jo shum\u00eb t\u00eb sakta). Pra, p\u00ebrfundojn\u00eb studiuesit e Harvardit, masat duhet t\u00eb merren shpejt dhe organikisht, pa qen\u00eb gradual. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, nj\u00eb politik\u00eb efektive ndaj koronavirusit k\u00ebrkon “mobilizim t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me luft\u00ebn p\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb burimeve njer\u00ebzore dhe ekonomike”.<\/span><\/p>\n