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Nga Ornela Liperi<\/strong><\/p>\n Hapja e nj\u00eb dyqani t\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb lagje, si p\u00ebr tregti ushqimesh a veshjesh, sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb ndryshme apo dhe bar e kafene nuk ka m\u00eb gjas\u00eb t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb shum\u00eb fitimprur\u00ebs. Konkurrenca \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar nga qendrat tregtare, zinxhir\u00ebt e supermarketeve, apo dhe linjat e organizuara t\u00eb bareve e lokaleve, q\u00eb po t\u00ebrheqin gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb klient\u00eb. E gjith\u00eb kjo, p\u00ebrball\u00eb nj\u00eb konsumi t\u00eb frenuar, si rrjedhoj\u00eb e tkurrjes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb, e emigracionit dhe plakjes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb.<\/p>\n T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e INSTAT p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet aktive, sipas aktivitetit, tregojn\u00eb se numri i bizneseve n\u00eb tregti e sh\u00ebrbime \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb r\u00ebnie, me mbi 4 mij\u00eb subjekte t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kategorie q\u00eb u mbyll\u00ebn n\u00eb 2018-n (reduktim neto). N\u00eb total, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2018, kishte 35 mij\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje q\u00eb ushtronin aktivitetin n\u00eb tregtin\u00eb me pakic\u00eb, pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e tyre t\u00eb vet\u00ebpun\u00ebsuar, t\u00eb ndjekura nga 18.5 mij\u00eb biznese n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime ushqimore dhe pije. N\u00eb total, t\u00eb dy k\u00ebto aktivitete p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb 33% t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve aktive n\u00eb vend.<\/p>\n Rriten bizneset profesionale<\/strong><\/p>\n Tashm\u00eb ka ardhur koha kur dijet dhe profesioni t\u00eb shp\u00ebrblejn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e INSTAT tregojn\u00eb se sh\u00ebrbimet profesionale jan\u00eb ato q\u00eb po hapen m\u00eb shum\u00eb vitet e fundit, teksa po mbyllen subjektet tregtare dhe ato t\u00eb bar- kafeneve.<\/p>\n Bizneset q\u00eb kan\u00eb sh\u00ebnuar rritjen m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb vler\u00eb absolute n\u00eb 2019-n jan\u00eb ato n\u00eb \u201cAktivitete t\u00eb drejtimit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve dhe aktivitete t\u00eb konsultimit\u201d. 186 subjekte t\u00eb reja (shtesa neto) t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj kategorie u hap\u00ebn n\u00eb 2018-n, duke arritur n\u00eb total n\u00eb 793. Ndon\u00ebse numri total i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb i ul\u00ebt n\u00eb raport, me biznesin tradicional t\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebve, at\u00eb t\u00eb tregtis\u00eb (ku ka gjithsej 35 mij\u00eb subjekte), biznesi i shefave dhe i konsulenc\u00ebs ka arritur nj\u00eb rekord n\u00eb 2018-n sa u p\u00ebrket hyrjeve t\u00eb reja n\u00eb treg. N\u00eb raport me vitin 2013, numri i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb kat\u00ebrfishuar.<\/p>\n Bizneset e konsulenc\u00ebs u rrit ndjesh\u00ebm vitet e fundit edhe p\u00ebr shkak se shum\u00eb profesionist\u00eb dol\u00ebn nga skema e sigurimeve p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb tatimit prej 23% mbi pagat mbi 130 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb (nga 1 janari kufiri u rrit n\u00eb 150 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb), dhe u regjistruan si biznese private, si nj\u00eb skem\u00eb p\u00ebr shmangin e k\u00ebtij tatimi t\u00eb lart\u00eb, duke shfryt\u00ebzuar hendeqet fiskale (bizneset me xhiro vjetore deri n\u00eb 5 milion\u00eb lek\u00eb kan\u00eb tatim fitimi zero). Kjo nxiti dhe autoritetet fiskale q\u00eb t\u00eb rishikonin legjislacionin k\u00ebt\u00eb vit p\u00ebrmes nj\u00eb pakete ligjore q\u00eb synonte uljen e shmangieve nga k\u00ebta individ\u00eb.<\/p>\n N\u00eb vend t\u00eb dyt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb kategoria e \u201caktiviteteve t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit\u201d, me 129 nd\u00ebrmarrje t\u00eb reja t\u00eb hapura, duke e \u00e7uar numrin e tyre n\u00eb total n\u00eb 3,321. Vitet e fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar ndjesh\u00ebm mjek\u00ebsia dhe laborator\u00ebt privat\u00eb, si nj\u00eb kompensim i munges\u00ebs s\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb shtetit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sh\u00ebrbim jet\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n Biznesi i tret\u00eb me rritjen m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb vler\u00eb absolute \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb dhe informacionit, me 117 t\u00eb tilla. Megjithat\u00eb, numri total i k\u00ebtyre subjekteve prej rreth 1,200 t\u00eb tilla mbetet i ul\u00ebt n\u00eb epok\u00ebn globale t\u00eb dixhitalizimit.<\/p>\n Sh\u00ebrbimet juridike e t\u00eb kontabilitetit po b\u00ebhen t\u00eb preferuara, me 116 subjekte t\u00eb reja t\u00eb hapura, duke e \u00e7uar numrin e tyre n\u00eb total n\u00eb 3,376.<\/p>\n Teksa sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb Moneyval, vet\u00ebm 8% e transaksioneve t\u00eb pasurive t\u00eb paluajtshme kryhen p\u00ebrmes agjencive, duket se ka nj\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb aktivitet. Numri i subjekteve t\u00eb reja ishte 115, duke arritur n\u00eb total n\u00eb 847. K\u00ebrkesa p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrtime cil\u00ebsore \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur vitet e fundit, me shtimin e vilave dhe apartamenteve luksoze. Kjo ka nxitur dhe aktivitetet n\u00eb punime t\u00eb specializuara nd\u00ebrtimi, me 109 subjekte t\u00eb reja, duke e \u00e7uar numrin e tyre n\u00eb total, n\u00eb 1,848.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrmarrjet e reja, rriten t\u00eb m\u00ebdhat\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n Gjat\u00eb vitit 2018, u hap\u00ebn gjithsej 20.2 mij\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrje t\u00eb reja, me nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie prej 18% n\u00eb raport me vitin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n Ata q\u00eb po tkurren jan\u00eb pik\u00ebrisht t\u00eb vegjlit, teksa numri i bizneseve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb hapura me 1-4 t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar ra me 20% n\u00eb raport me vitin e m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm, ndon\u00ebse mikrond\u00ebrmarrjet p\u00ebrb\u00ebnin 94% t\u00eb t\u00eb rejave.<\/p>\n Pozitive ishte rritja e subjekteve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, teksa u hap\u00ebn 60 nd\u00ebrmarrje, me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 50 punonj\u00ebs, ose 50% m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb krahasim me nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb. Gjysma e tyre ishin n\u00eb aktivitetin e prodhuesve t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve, 14 n\u00eb industri dhe 3 n\u00eb nd\u00ebrtim.<\/p>\n Tregtia, bien t\u00eb vegjlit, rriten t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenjt\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n Aktiviteti i tregtis\u00eb sa vjen e po orientohet drejt zinxhir\u00ebve t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj si rrjetet e supermarketeve apo qendrat tregtare.<\/p>\n T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e INSTAT tregojn\u00eb se n\u00eb 2018-n u mbyll\u00ebn 2,627 subjekte tregtare mikro me 1-4 punonj\u00ebs (gjysma e bizneseve t\u00eb mbyllur n\u00eb 2018-n) dhe u hap\u00ebn gati 400 t\u00eb tjera, q\u00eb kishin m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 5 punonj\u00ebs. 26 prej tyre ishin t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, me m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 50 punonj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n Shtohen nd\u00ebrtuesit<\/strong><\/p>\n Vrulli i rip\u00ebrshpejtuar i nd\u00ebrtimeve n\u00eb tre vitet e fundit, sidomos n\u00eb kryeqytet, \u00ebsht\u00eb reflektuar dhe n\u00eb rritjen e kompanive q\u00eb operojn\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb sektor.<\/p>\n 102 nd\u00ebrmarrje t\u00eb reja nd\u00ebrtimi jan\u00eb hapur (neto) vitin e kaluar n\u00eb vend. Ndryshe nga vitet e m\u00ebparshme kur ato ishin p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht t\u00eb vogla, me 1-4 punonj\u00ebs, tashm\u00eb po lul\u00ebzojn\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarrjet e m\u00ebdha. Asnj\u00eb biznes i vog\u00ebl me 1-4 punonj\u00ebs nuk rezulton t\u00eb jet\u00eb shtuar n\u00eb 2018-n.<\/p>\n N\u00eb t\u00eb kund\u00ebrt\u00ebn jan\u00eb hapur 49 nd\u00ebrmarrje me 10-49 punonj\u00ebs dhe 32 subjekte q\u00eb kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 50 pun\u00ebtor\u00eb.<\/p>\n 5,200 biznese t\u00eb vogla u mbyll\u00ebn n\u00eb 2018-n, u \u201cz\u00ebvend\u00ebsuan\u201d nga fermer\u00eb<\/strong><\/p>\n Regjistri i Nd\u00ebrmarrjeve n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2018 num\u00ebron 162.835 nd\u00ebrmarrje aktive, num\u00ebr pothuajse i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb me vitin e kaluar, raportoi INSTAT n\u00eb publikimin p\u00ebr Regjistrin e Nd\u00ebrmarrjeve Ekonomike 2018. N\u00eb raport me nj\u00eb vit m\u00eb par\u00eb, rezulton q\u00eb personat fizik\u00eb, kryesisht bizneset e vogla, jan\u00eb ulur me 5,216 subjekte, duke zbritur n\u00eb 93 mij\u00eb.<\/p>\n Mbyllja e bizneseve t\u00eb vogla \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb dukuri q\u00eb ka nisur prej disa vitesh, si rrjedhoj\u00eb nga konkurrenca nga qendrat e m\u00ebdha dhe zinxhir\u00ebt e supermarketeve, por q\u00eb n\u00eb 2018-n u p\u00ebrshpejtua dhe m\u00eb tej, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb uljes s\u00eb kufirit t\u00eb TVSH-s\u00eb nga 5 n\u00eb 2 milion\u00eb lek\u00eb. N\u00eb raport me dy vjet m\u00eb par\u00eb, numri i bizneseve t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb mbyllura arrin n\u00eb 7,9000.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb jan\u00eb rritur subjektet e regjistruara si fermer\u00eb, me 4,400 m\u00eb shum\u00eb, duke arritur n\u00eb 40.9 mij\u00eb fermer\u00eb, si rrjedhoj\u00eb e masave p\u00ebr formalizimin e bujq\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe orientimin e fermer\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u2019u pajisur me NIPT n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb nga subvencionet. Subjektet juridike jan\u00eb shtuar me 1,166 nj\u00ebsi, duke u rritur n\u00eb 28.8 mij\u00eb.<\/p>\n Sipas INSTAT, ekonomia shqiptare \u00ebsht\u00eb e p\u00ebrqendruar kryesisht n\u00eb aktivitetin tregtar, dukuri e cila vihet re edhe n\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjet e regjistruara gjat\u00eb vitit 2018. Nd\u00ebrmarrjet tregtare z\u00ebn\u00eb 23,2% t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve t\u00eb regjistruara gjat\u00eb vitit 2017, krahasuar me 25% t\u00eb regjistruara gjat\u00eb vitit 2017.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrmarrjet e m\u00ebdha me 50 e m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar z\u00ebn\u00eb 1,2% t\u00eb totalit t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve aktive dhe kontributi i tyre n\u00eb pun\u00ebsim llogaritet n\u00eb 48,1% n\u00eb vitin 2018, nga 47,8% n\u00eb vitin 2017.<\/p>\n N\u00eb Bashkin\u00eb e Tiran\u00ebs jan\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e nd\u00ebrmarrjeve, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Bashkin\u00eb e Fush\u00eb-Arr\u00ebzit sh\u00ebnohet numri m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt.<\/p>\n Grat\u00eb menaxhojn\u00eb 25,7% t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve aktive gjithsej krahasuar me 29,7% gjat\u00eb vitit 2017. Sa u p\u00ebrket nd\u00ebrmarrjeve aktive q\u00eb operojn\u00eb n\u00eb Bashkin\u00eb e Tiran\u00ebs, grat\u00eb menaxhojn\u00eb 33,2% t\u00eb tyre. Nd\u00ebrmarrjet e drejtuara nga grat\u00eb jan\u00eb kryesisht nd\u00ebrmarrje me 1 \u2013 4 t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar, t\u00eb cilat z\u00ebn\u00eb 91,2% t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve t\u00eb drejtuara nga grat\u00eb. N\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjet me 50 e m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar, grat\u00eb drejtojn\u00eb 19,6% t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve.<\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrmarrjet me pronar\u00eb apo bashk\u00ebpronar\u00eb t\u00eb huaj z\u00ebn\u00eb 3,8% t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve aktive, krahasuar me 3,9% n\u00eb vitin 2017 dhe pun\u00ebsojn\u00eb 9,6% t\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve gjithsej. Nd\u00ebrmarrjet nga vendet e Bashkimit Europian p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb 64,8% t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve t\u00eb huaja e t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta. Nd\u00ebrmarrjet me pronar\u00eb apo bashk\u00ebpronar\u00eb me origjin\u00eb italiane dhe greke p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb 52,8% t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve t\u00eb huaja e t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta gjithsej. Nd\u00ebrmarrjet e huaja e t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebta jan\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar kryesisht n\u00eb qarqet Tiran\u00eb dhe Durr\u00ebs, me 81,7%.<\/p>\n N\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2018 regjistrohen 172.554 nj\u00ebsi lokale nga t\u00eb cilat 161.227 ushtrojn\u00eb aktivitetin ekonomik n\u00eb 1 vendndodhje. Nd\u00ebrmarrjet q\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb aktivitetin n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb vendndodhje jan\u00eb 1.608, t\u00eb cilat p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm 1,0% t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve aktive gjithsej. Numri i t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve n\u00eb to \u00ebsht\u00eb 26,6% e t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve gjithsej. Aktivitetet financiare kan\u00eb numrin m\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve p\u00ebr nd\u00ebrmarrjet q\u00eb kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se nj\u00eb vendndodhje.<\/p>\n Nj\u00ebsit\u00eb lokale jan\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar n\u00eb Bashkit\u00eb e Tiran\u00ebs, Fierit dhe Elbasanit me 54,1% t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb nj\u00ebsive lokale aktive.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr nga ndarja rajonale, rajoni m\u00eb i zhvilluar \u00ebsht\u00eb rajoni qend\u00ebr ku p\u00ebrfshihen qarqet Tiran\u00eb dhe Elbasan, ku jan\u00eb p\u00ebrqendruar 41,3% e nd\u00ebrmarrjeve aktive. Pothuajse e nj\u00ebjta situat\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe me nd\u00ebrmarrjet e regjistruara gjat\u00eb vitit 2018, me 48,7%. T\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarit n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rajon z\u00ebn\u00eb 54,3% t\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarve gjithsej. Aktiviteti ekonomik tregtar mbizot\u00ebron ndaj aktiviteteve t\u00eb tjera, me 31,6%. Kjo dukuri \u00ebsht\u00eb e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si n\u00eb nivel qarku, ashtu edhe n\u00eb nivel bashkie.<\/p>\n