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Nga Elizabet Uinkler\u00a0<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Dyshimet n\u00ebse Uilliam Shekspir, i ka shkruar v\u00ebrtet\u00eb veprat q\u00eb njihen ende sot si t\u00eb tijat, jan\u00eb aq t\u00eb vjetra sa edhe vet\u00eb veprat e tij. Kandidat\u00ebt alternative Frensis Bejk\u00eb, Kristofer Marlou; dhe Eduard de Ver, konti i 17-t\u00eb i Oksfordit, vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb kresojn\u00eb teorit\u00eb e konspiracionit.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb kund\u00ebrp\u00ebrgjigje, studiuesit ortodoks\u00eb t\u00eb Shekspirit jan\u00eb t\u00eb fiksuar pas dogmatizmit t\u00eb tyre. Por, a ka menduar dikush ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb hipotetizoj\u00eb q\u00eb krijuesi i atyre personazheve, gra t\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonshme n\u00eb veprat e Shekspirit, t\u00eb mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb qen\u00eb n\u00eb fakt nj\u00eb grua? Dhe kush mund t\u00eb ishte ajo.<\/span><\/p>\n Kritiku letrar Xhon Raskin \u00ebsht\u00eb shprehur: \u201dShekspiri nuk ka heronj, ai ka vet\u00ebm heroina\u201d. Dhe nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh i k\u00ebtyre heroinave, refuzojn\u00eb t\u2019u binden rregullave t\u00eb koh\u00ebs. T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 10 prej tyre i sfidojn\u00eb baballar\u00ebt e tyre, duke u betuar se do t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb vet\u00eb partnerin e jet\u00ebs. Tet\u00eb personazhe femra maskojn\u00eb veten si burra, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur kontrollet patriarkale, pra m\u00eb shum\u00eb shk\u00ebmbime gjinore se sa mund t\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb vepr\u00ebn e ndonj\u00eb dramaturgu t\u00eb m\u00ebparsh\u00ebm anglez.<\/span><\/p>\n Por, pik\u00ebpamja mbizot\u00ebruese ishte se asnj\u00eb grua n\u00eb Anglin\u00eb e periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb Rilindjes nuk shkroi p\u00ebr teatrin, sepse kjo ishte kund\u00ebr rregullave. Megjithat\u00eb, studiuesit kan\u00eb v\u00ebrtetuar koh\u00ebt e fundit se grat\u00eb, kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshira n\u00eb veprimtarin\u00eb e sht\u00ebpive t\u00eb ndryshme botuese. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, 80 p\u00ebr qind e dramave t\u00eb botuara n\u00eb vitet 1580, u shkruan n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb anonime, dhe ky num\u00ebr nuk ra n\u00ebn 50 p\u00ebr qind deri n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 1600.<\/span><\/p>\n T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb studiues i njohur i Shekspirit, Filis Rakin i Universitetit t\u00eb Pensilvanis\u00eb, sfidon supozimin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm q\u00eb drama komerciale e asaj periudhe, nuk kishte asnj\u00eb fem\u00ebrore. Nj\u00eb g\u00ebnjesht\u00ebr q\u00eb demaskohet nga Gabriel Harvi, nj\u00eb kritik i njohur letrar i epok\u00ebs elizabetiane. N\u00eb vitin 1593, ai i referohej fshehurazi nj\u00eb \u201cgruaje fisnike t\u00eb shk\u00eblqyer\u2019, q\u00eb kishte shkruar 3 sonete dhe nj\u00eb komedi.<\/span><\/p>\n Po kush ishte kjo grua q\u00eb shkroi nj\u00eb \u201cvep\u00ebr t\u00eb pavdekshme\u201d, n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin vit q\u00eb u shfaq n\u00eb shtyp edhe emri i Shekspirit, me poem\u00ebn \u201cVenusi dhe Adonisi\u201d? Nj\u00eb kandidate \u00ebsht\u00eb Meri Sidnej, kontesha e Pembrok (dhe motra e dashur e poetit t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm Filip Sidnej) \u2013 nj\u00eb nga grat\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb arsimuara t\u00eb koh\u00ebs s\u00eb saj, p\u00ebrkthyese dhe poete.<\/span><\/p>\n Por, kandidatja q\u00eb m\u00eb ka intriguar m\u00eb shum\u00eb, ishte nj\u00eb grua ekzotike dhe shum\u00eb m\u00eb periferike se sa Sidnej, q\u00eb ishte e mir\u00ebnjohur. Jo shum\u00eb koh\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb, m\u00ebsova se \u201cGlobe Theater\u201d n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr, kishte nisur t\u00eb shqyrtonte t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e k\u00ebsaj figure. Sezoni veror i vitit 2018 p\u00ebrfundoi me nj\u00eb shfaqje t\u00eb re, \u201cEmilia\u201d, q\u00eb fliste mbi nj\u00eb bashk\u00ebkoh\u00ebse t\u00eb Shekspirit, Emilia Basano.<\/span><\/p>\n E lindur n\u00eb Lond\u00ebr n\u00eb vitin 1569, n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje emigrant\u00ebsh venecian\u00eb \u2013 muzikant\u00eb dhe prodhues instrumentash, me gjas\u00eb me origjin\u00eb hebreje \u2013 ajo ishte nj\u00eb nga grat\u00eb e para n\u00eb Angli q\u00eb publikoi nj\u00eb v\u00ebllim me poezi (fetare, por q\u00eb mbronte lirin\u00eb e grave dhe shprehej kund\u00ebr shtypjes mashkullore).<\/span><\/p>\n Ekzistenca e saj, u zbulua n\u00eb vitin 1973 nga historiani i Oksfordit Al Rouz, q\u00eb spekuloi se ishte \u201czonja e err\u00ebt\u201d e p\u00ebrshkruar n\u00eb sonetin e Shekspirit. Tek \u201cEmilia\u201d, dramaturgu Morgan Lloid Malkolm shkon nj\u00eb hap m\u00eb tej: Shekspiri i tij \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb plagjiator q\u00eb p\u00ebrdor fjal\u00ebt e Basanon, p\u00ebr mbrojtjen e famshme q\u00eb Emilia u b\u00ebn grave tek \u201cOthello\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n A mundet q\u00eb Basano t\u00eb ket\u00eb kontribuar edhe m\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht, dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb direkte n\u00eb veprat e Shekspirit. Numri i skeptik\u00ebve mbi autor\u00ebsin\u00eb e Shekspirit, \u00ebsht\u00eb i madh, mes tyre emra t\u00eb njohur si Ralf Ualdo Emerson, Uollt Uitman, Mark Tuein, Sigmund Frojd apo \u00c7arli \u00c7aplin. Idet\u00eb e tyre n\u00eb lidhje me autor\u00ebsin\u00eb e dramave dhe poemave ndryshojn\u00eb, por ata pranojn\u00eb se Shekspiri nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb njeriu q\u00eb i ka shkruar ato.<\/span><\/p>\n Dyshimi i tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb i rr\u00ebnjosur n\u00eb fakte konkrete. Jeta e Shekspirit \u00ebsht\u00eb dokumentuar mjaft mir\u00eb, sipas standardeve t\u00eb periudh\u00ebs. Por, asnj\u00eb dokument nga jeta e tij nuk e identifikon at\u00eb pa m\u00ebdyshje si nj\u00eb shkrimtar. M\u00eb shum\u00eb se 70 dokumente q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb, e p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb at\u00eb si nj\u00eb aktor, nj\u00eb aksioner n\u00eb nj\u00eb kompani teatrore apo si nj\u00eb investitor.<\/span><\/p>\n Ata tregojn\u00eb se ai shmangu taksat, se si u gjobit p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, dhe si iu n\u00ebnshtrua nj\u00eb urdhri kufizues. Profili, \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00ebzakonisht koherent me at\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarr\u00ebsi t\u00eb industris\u00eb arg\u00ebtuese t\u00eb Rilindjes. Por, ajo q\u00eb mungon \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7do shenj\u00eb q\u00eb ai shkroi vepra.<\/span>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, si arriti njeriu i lindur n\u00eb Stratford, t\u00eb kishte njohuri t\u00eb gjera mbi ndodhit\u00eb n\u00eb oborrin mbret\u00ebror t\u00eb Elisabet\u00ebs, t\u00eb gjuh\u00ebve t\u00eb shumta, mbi ligjet, astronomin\u00eb, muzik\u00ebn, ushtrin\u00eb apo territoret e huaja, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht qytetet veriore t\u00eb Italis\u00eb?<\/span><\/p>\n Dhe fakt \u00ebsht\u00eb, q\u00eb Shekspiri nuk u arsmimua m\u00eb pas mosh\u00ebs 13 vje\u00e7are. Ndoshta ai ka udh\u00ebtuar shum\u00eb, i \u00ebsht\u00eb bashkuar n\u00eb nj\u00eb moment ushtris\u00eb, apo ka punuar si mentor, apo q\u00eb t\u00eb treja bashk\u00eb sikurse kan\u00eb supozuar studiuesit. Megjithat\u00eb, asnj\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre p\u00ebrvojave nuk ekziston.<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, jeta e Emilia Basanos, p\u00ebrfshiu t\u00eb gjith\u00eb diapazonin e dijeve t\u00eb p\u00ebrshkruara n\u00eb veprat e Shekspirit. Studuesi Xhon Hadson, e ka mb\u00ebshtetur prej vitesh k\u00ebt\u00eb hipotez\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 2014, ai botoi librin \u201cZonja e Err\u00ebt e Shekspirit: Amelia Bassano Lanier, gruaja prapa dramave t\u00eb Shekspirit?\u201d.<\/span><\/p>\n Hadson, p\u00ebrmend aty sh\u00ebnimet e nj\u00eb mjeku dhe astrologu t\u00eb koh\u00ebs, t\u00eb quajtur Sajm\u00ebn Forman. N\u00eb adoleshenc\u00eb, ajo u b\u00eb m\u00ebsuese e Henri Karej, mjesht\u00ebr i arg\u00ebtimit n\u00eb oborrin mbret\u00ebror, dhe protekor i kompanis\u00eb teatrore t\u00eb Shekspirit. Dhe, ky ishte vet\u00ebm fillimi. N\u00ebse Basano ka qen\u00eb e dashura e Shekspirit, kjo nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet me sakt\u00ebsi.<\/span><\/p>\n Hadson thekson, se Basano jetoi \u201cnj\u00eb jet\u00eb n\u00eb kufijt\u00eb e shum\u00eb bot\u00ebve t\u00eb ndryshme shoq\u00ebrore\u201d, q\u00eb p\u00ebrfshin edhe diapazonin e bot\u00ebs letrrare t\u00eb Shekspiri: referencat e saj t\u00eb imt\u00ebsishme mbi intrigat e oborrit; burimet e saj italiane, dhe orgjina e supozuar hebraike; muzika dhe feminizmi i saj. Dhe, gjurma e saj n\u00eb dramat e Shekspirit, shtrihet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb periudh\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Ai, v\u00eb n\u00eb dukje shum\u00eb p\u00ebrdorime t\u00eb emrit t\u00eb saj, duke cituar disa m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme, si p\u00ebr shembull Emilian tek \u201cKomedia e gabimeve\u201d. M\u00eb von\u00eb, tek \u201cTregtari i Venedikut\u201d, heroi romantik \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb venezian me emrin Basanio, nj\u00eb tregues q\u00eb autori ndoshta e dinte mbi lidhjen e Basanos me Venecian. M\u00eb tej, tek \u201cOtello\u201d, shfaqet nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr Emilia \u2013 gruaja e Jagos.<\/span><\/p>\n M\u00eb von\u00eb, si gruaja e Henry Karej, Basano fitoi gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb qasje n\u00eb bot\u00ebn e teatrit. Karej, kush\u00ebriri i mbret\u00ebresh\u00ebs s\u00eb Anglis\u00eb, mbante poste t\u00eb ndryshme ligjore dhe ushtarake. Basano ishte tejet \u201ce favorizuar nga Madh\u00ebria e saj, dhe nga shum\u00eb fisnik\u00eb\u201d, vuri n\u00eb dukje doktor Forman.<\/span><\/p>\n Pastaj, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 1592, Basano (tashm\u00eb 23 vje\u00e7e) u d\u00ebbua nga oborri. Ajo ishte shtatz\u00ebn\u00eb. Karej i ktheu parat\u00eb dhe xhevahir\u00ebt e saj, dhe m\u00eb von\u00eb u martua me Alfonso Lanier, nj\u00eb muzikant i oborrit. Disa muaj m\u00eb von\u00eb, lindi nj\u00eb djal\u00eb. Bassano, u pun\u00ebsua m\u00eb von\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb familje fisnike, ndoshta si nj\u00eb m\u00ebsuese e muzik\u00ebs, dhe af\u00ebrsisht nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb pas asaj hapi nj\u00eb shkoll\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00ebse ajo i shoq\u00ebroi t\u00eb af\u00ebrmit e saj, n\u00eb udh\u00ebtimet e tyre p\u00ebrs\u00ebri n\u00eb Italin\u00eb e veriut, kjo nuk dihet. Por, lidhja familjare me vendin e origjin\u00ebs, ofroi mund\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr njohjen n\u00eb detaje me rajonin.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cUn\u00eb ndjeja gjithmon\u00eb di\u00e7ka italiane, di\u00e7ka hebreje tek Shekspiri\u201d- do t\u00eb shprehej Jorge Luis Borges p\u00ebr \u201cThe Paris Review\u201d n\u00eb vitin 1966.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cNdoshta, anglez\u00ebt e admirojn\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj, pasi \u00ebsht\u00eb kaq ndryshe nga ata\u201d. Borges nuk ka p\u00ebrmendur ndjenj\u00ebn \u201cdi\u00e7ka fem\u00ebrore\u201d p\u00ebr Bardin, megjithat\u00eb kjo p\u00ebrgjigje nuk ka pushuar kurr\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb pjes\u00eb e joshjes ndaj Shekspirit.<\/span><\/p>\n