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N\u00eb dhjet\u00eb vitet e fundit, sh\u00ebndeti i shqiptar\u00ebve dhe stili i jetes\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar n\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve jo t\u00eb transmetueshme. Jan\u00eb rritur prevalencat e obezitetit, hipertensionit, diabetit, kancerit etj. Nj\u00eb anket\u00eb e udh\u00ebhequr nga Instituti i Sh\u00ebndetit Publik dhe INSTAT te 15,800 persona n\u00eb vitin 2018 gjeti se shqiptar\u00ebt vuajn\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00eb nga sh\u00ebndeti mendor. Gati 60- 70% e t\u00eb anketuarve kishin kaluar nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb depresioni dy jav\u00eb para anket\u00ebs, teksa 18% e grave dhe 13 % burrave ishin n\u00eb depresion gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebs. Vitin e kaluar, 1 n\u00eb 5 femra dhe 1 n\u00eb 6 meshkuj t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-59 vje\u00e7 raportuan se ishin diagnostikuar me t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje jo t\u00eb transmetueshme (kardiovaskulare, neoplazma, diabeti etj.)<\/span><\/p>\n Blerina Hoxha<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Periudha e tranzicionit ka ndikuar negativisht te sh\u00ebndeti i popullat\u00ebs p\u00ebr disa s\u00ebmundje si kanceri, ato kardiovaskulare dhe sh\u00ebndeti mendor, prevalencat e t\u00eb cilave po rriten vit pas viti, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb regjimeve ushqimore t\u00eb gabuara, munges\u00ebs s\u00eb aktivitetit fizik dhe urbanizimit me shpejt\u00ebsi t\u00eb vendit.<\/span><\/p>\n Vitin e kaluar, 1 n\u00eb 5 femra dhe 1 n\u00eb 6 meshkuj t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-59 vje\u00e7 raportuan se ishin diagnostikuar me t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje jo t\u00eb transmetueshme (hipertensioni, neoplazma, diabeti e etj), sipas gjetjeve t\u00eb anket\u00ebs t\u00eb p\u00ebrbashk\u00ebt t\u00eb Institutit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndetit Publik dhe INSTAT p\u00ebr \u201cDemografin\u00eb dhe Sh\u00ebndetin\u201d t\u00eb zhvilluar n\u00eb vitin 2018 te 15800 persona. Studimi i thelluar mbi gjendjen sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs evidentoi se s\u00ebmundshm\u00ebria n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e n\u00ebndiagnostikuar sidomos p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundjet kardiovaskulare dhe depresionin.<\/span><\/p>\n Prevalenca e s\u00ebmundjeve kardiovaskulare dhe kancerit n\u00eb vend \u00ebsht\u00eb duke u rritur. N\u00eb vitin 2017 ato ishin p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr 70% t\u00eb vdekjeve n\u00eb vend sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave zyrtare, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb vitin 2008, k\u00ebto s\u00ebmundje ishin p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebse p\u00ebr 52% t\u00eb jet\u00ebve t\u00eb humbura. Trendi i hipertensionit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr meshkujt dhe femrat n\u00eb 10 vitet e fundit. Sipas anket\u00ebs s\u00eb vitit 2018, prevalenca e hipertensionit \u00ebsht\u00eb 24.3% p\u00ebr femrat kundrejt 20% m\u00eb 2008, p\u00ebr meshkujt \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur me rreth 10 pik\u00eb p\u00ebrqindje n\u00eb raport me 2008. Qarku i Fierit ka numrin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb meshkujve me hipertension.<\/span><\/p>\n Anketa gjeti nj\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb r\u00ebnduar t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor. Rreth 70 p\u00ebr qind anketuarve gra dhe 57% e burrave pohuan se kan\u00eb kaluar nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb depresioni gjat\u00eb dy jav\u00ebve para studimit. Nga k\u00ebto 13% e grave dhe 18 meshkujve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-59 vje\u00e7 ishin shum\u00eb depresiv dy jav\u00eb para sondazhit.<\/span> Ekspert\u00ebt e Institutit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndetit Publik pohojn\u00eb se, sfida e koh\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb zvog\u00eblohen faktor\u00ebt e rrezikut q\u00eb lidhen kryesisht me ushqyerjen, diet\u00ebn dhe aktivitetin fizik, duke u kushtuar v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb vajzave dhe grave, teksa \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re r\u00ebnie e leht\u00eb e konsumit t\u00eb duhanit dhe alkoolit. Studimi p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin e popullat\u00ebs evidentoi se shqiptar\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb konsumator\u00eb t\u00eb rregullt t\u00eb frutave dhe perimeve dhe nuk ushtrojn\u00eb aktivitet fizik.<\/span><\/p>\n HIPERTENSIONI N\u00cb RRITJE, \u00cbSHT\u00cb I N\u00cbNDIAGNOSTIKUAR<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Nga 2008 m\u00eb 2018, prevalenca e hipertensionit t\u00eb matur u rrit nga 20% n\u00eb 24% n\u00eb mesin e femrave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 dhe nga 28% n\u00eb 38% tek meshkujt n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn grupmosh\u00eb. Hipertensioni \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaktari kryesor p\u00ebr s\u00ebmundjet e zemr\u00ebs, gjithashtu d\u00ebmton trurin, duke shkaktuar vdekje ose d\u00ebmtim t\u00eb p\u00ebrhersh\u00ebm fizik. T\u00eb anketuarit u pyet\u00ebn n\u00ebse kishin marr\u00eb ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb diagnoza nga nj\u00eb profesionist sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor p\u00ebr hipertension. 13% e grave raportuan se jan\u00eb diagnostikuar me tension t\u00eb lart\u00eb para sondazhit, nd\u00ebrsa 4% e burrave t\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs mosh\u00eb raportuan se kan\u00eb marr\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Por anketa p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin e popullat\u00ebs u shoq\u00ebrua me matje t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejta ne terren, dhe u gjet se rastet me hipertension ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb larta se diagnozat e raportuara nga t\u00eb pyeturit. Hipertensioni i matur gjat\u00eb anket\u00ebs ishte prezent n\u00eb 24% t\u00eb grave dhe 38% e meshkujve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7.<\/span><\/p>\n Matjet e hipertensionit n\u00eb anket\u00eb gjet\u00ebn se vet\u00ebm 1\/4 e grave t\u00eb dhe 1\/5 e burrave kishin qen\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb diagnostikuar me hipertension.<\/span> PAAFT\u00cbSI KRONIKE, VUAJN\u00cb MBI 3% E POPULLAT\u00cbS<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00eb gjuh\u00ebn e mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb, paaft\u00ebsia kronike \u00ebsht\u00eb gjendje fizike ose mendore q\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebson ose b\u00ebn t\u00eb pamundur aktivitetin normal t\u00eb nj\u00eb individi. Nj\u00eb person mund t\u00eb lind\u00eb me nj\u00eb aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb kufizuar, ose mund t\u2019i p\u00ebsoj\u00eb nga s\u00ebmundjet ose aksidentet.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb paaft\u00ebsin\u00eb kronike p\u00ebrfshihen edhe personat q\u00eb vuajn\u00eb nga depresioni kronik apo \u00e7rregullimi bipolar. Por n\u00eb anket\u00ebn e sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs 2018, depresioni \u00ebsht\u00eb trajtuar ve\u00e7mas n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb zgjeruar. Prevalenca e aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb kufizuar kronike \u00ebsht\u00eb 3% p\u00ebr grat\u00eb dhe 2% p\u00ebr meshkujt 15-59 vje\u00e7. Rreth 4% e grave dhe 3% e burrave raportuan se nuk mund t\u00eb punojn\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb aft\u00ebsive t\u00eb kufizuara. Dob\u00ebsimi i shikimit raportohet nga 3% e grave dhe 1% e burrave 50-59 vje\u00e7, nd\u00ebrsa d\u00ebmtimi i d\u00ebgjimit raportohet nga 1% e grave, por n\u00eb m\u00eb pak burra.<\/span><\/p>\n Prevalenca e aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb kufizuar ishte m\u00eb e lart\u00eb n\u00eb zonat rurale tek meshkujt, por p\u00ebr femrat, ndryshimi \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt.\u00a0 Prevalenca \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb e lart\u00eb n\u00eb kategorit\u00eb e arsimit t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. 7% e femrave dhe 11% e meshkujve me arsim fillor 4-vje\u00e7ar ose m\u00eb pak raportojn\u00eb nj\u00eb paaft\u00ebsi, krahasuar me 1% t\u00eb t\u00eb anketuarve me universitet.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb pasur nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb incidenc\u00ebs s\u00eb l\u00ebndimeve dhe s\u00ebmundjeve t\u00eb papritura, t\u00eb anketuarve ju k\u00ebrkua n\u00ebse 2 jav\u00eb para sondazhit (shtator 2007 p\u00ebr sondazhin e vitit 2008- shkurt 2018 p\u00ebr sondazhin e 2018) kishin pasur ndonj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb papritur ose l\u00ebndim, t\u00eb tilla si gripi, diarreja, prerje ose fraktura t\u00eb kockave.<\/span><\/p>\n U gjet se gripi dhe t\u00eb ftohtit e zakonsh\u00ebm ishin s\u00ebmundjet m\u00eb t\u00eb shpeshta t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendura, t\u00eb raportuara nga 12% e femrave dhe 7% e meshkujve. Vet\u00ebm 1% e grave dhe burrave raportuan dhimbje koke n\u00eb 2 jav\u00eb para studimit. S\u00ebmundje t\u00eb tjera kishin nj\u00eb prevalenc\u00eb edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. P\u00ebrqindja e t\u00eb anketuarve q\u00eb kan\u00eb raportuar l\u00ebndime fizike, si\u00e7 jan\u00eb thyerjet e eshtrave ose \u00e7arjet, \u00ebsht\u00eb gjithashtu m\u00eb pak se 1%.<\/span><\/p>\n VET\u00cbVLER\u00cbSIMI, 62% E GRAVE DHE 68% E BURRAVE NDIHEN MIR\u00cb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Vet\u00ebvler\u00ebsimi i nj\u00eb individi p\u00ebr statusin e tij sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb i pasakt\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb raste, por disa studime kan\u00eb treguar se vet\u00ebperceptimi i sh\u00ebndetit mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb parashikues i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb moshuarit. Studimet kan\u00eb treguar se njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb e perceptojn\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin e tyre si t\u00eb varf\u00ebr kan\u00eb gjasa t\u00eb ken\u00eb rezultate m\u00eb pak t\u00eb favorshme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore, sesa ata q\u00eb e perceptojn\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin e tyre si t\u00eb mir\u00eb. N\u00eb anket\u00ebn e 2018-s, shumica e grave dhe burrave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-59 perceptojn\u00eb se nuk ka pasur ndonj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin e tyre gjat\u00eb 12 muajve para studimit (p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht 62.3% dhe 68%).<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebr ata q\u00eb raportojn\u00eb ndryshime n\u00eb sh\u00ebndet, shumica d\u00ebrrmuese raportojn\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsim. Pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 10% e t\u00eb anketuarve e perceptojn\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin e tyre shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb vitin e fundit, 16% disi m\u00eb mir\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa 10% e grave dhe 4% e burrave raportuan se kan\u00eb p\u00ebsuar p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsim t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb 12 muajt e fundit.<\/span><\/p>\n Diagnozat e hershme jan\u00eb mjeti m\u00eb i mir\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb parandaluar vdekshm\u00ebrin\u00eb sidomos ndaj kancerit. Duke vler\u00ebsuar se deri n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb mase shqiptar\u00ebt kan\u00eb njohuri p\u00ebr testimin dhe testet diagnostike q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb dispozicion si pjes\u00eb e sh\u00ebrbimeve mjek\u00ebsore, \u00ebsht\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme p\u00ebr t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr nd\u00ebrhyrjet dhe hartimin e politikave q\u00eb synojn\u00eb t\u00eb promovojn\u00eb p\u00ebrdorimin e testeve t\u00eb tilla, thekson raporti. Rezultatet gjet\u00ebn se m\u00eb pak se 1 n\u00eb 10 femra t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-59 nuk kan\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar as p\u00ebr Pap Testet dhe as p\u00ebr mamografin\u00eb. Tre t\u00eb kat\u00ebrtat kan\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb dy testet, 16% kan\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr mamografin\u00eb dhe 1% kan\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr Pap Testin.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb zonat urbane pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha grat\u00eb kan\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr testet diagnostike, vet\u00ebm 6% e tyre nuk kan\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar. 84% e grave n\u00eb qytet kan\u00eb njohuri p\u00ebr Pap Testin dhe 93% e kan\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr mamografin\u00eb krahasuar me 66% dhe 87%, respektivisht t\u00eb grave q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb fshat.<\/span><\/p>\n 70% E SHQIPTAR\u00cbVE KAN\u00cb KALUAR P\u00cbRVOJ\u00cb DEPRESIONI<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Depresioni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje komplekse mendore dhe emocionale, e lidhur zakonisht me t\u00eb qen\u00ebt i trishtuar, humor t\u00eb keq q\u00eb ndikon p\u00ebr keq te produktiviteti mendor dhe l\u00ebvizjet. Sipas Organizat\u00ebs Bot\u00ebrore t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb, p\u00ebrqindja e popullsis\u00eb globale me depresion vler\u00ebsohet t\u00eb jet\u00eb 4.4%. Ky proporcion ndryshon sipas gjinis\u00eb dhe mosh\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, prevalenca e depresionit ka tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb e lart\u00eb n\u00eb mesin e grave n\u00eb mosh\u00eb. Ekspert\u00ebt e Sh\u00ebndetit Publik pohojn\u00eb se diagnostikimi i depresionit si nj\u00eb \u00e7rregullim mendor k\u00ebrkon shqyrtim t\u00eb p\u00ebrpikt\u00eb profesional. Ekspert\u00ebt kan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb re re se \u00e7rregullimi i depresionit \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00ebnraportuar p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb stigm\u00ebs t\u00eb lidhur me k\u00ebt\u00eb gjendje.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb k\u00ebtij kufizimi, rezultatet e anket\u00ebs 2018 nuk p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb matje t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb prevalenc\u00ebs s\u00eb depresionit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri, por vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim t\u00eb p\u00ebrqindjes s\u00eb njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb raportojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb ndier n\u00eb depresion n\u00eb koh\u00ebn e intervist\u00ebs. P\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim rreth depresionit, t\u00eb anketuarit u pyet\u00ebn: \u201cA jeni ndier n\u00eb depresion gjat\u00eb dy jav\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit?<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr tregues m\u00eb t\u00eb ve\u00e7ant\u00eb t\u00eb depresionit, t\u00eb anketuarit u pyet\u00ebn n\u00ebse ata jan\u00eb diagnostikuar nga nj\u00eb mjek. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, prevalenca e raportuar e diagnostikuar mbi depresionin pasqyron nj\u00eb kombinim m\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb gjendjes reale t\u00eb popullat\u00ebs me depresion. Rreth 70 p\u00ebr qind anketuarve gra dhe 57% e burrave pohuan se kan\u00eb kaluar nj\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb depresioni gjat\u00eb dy jav\u00ebve para studimit. Nga k\u00ebto 13% e grave dhe 18 meshkujve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-59 vje\u00e7 ishin shum\u00eb depresiv dy jav\u00eb para sondazhit.<\/span><\/p>\n Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, 31% e grave dhe 43% e burrave than\u00eb se nuk kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar depresion dy jav\u00eb para studimit, por nuk e p\u00ebrjashtuan t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn. Kur u pyet\u00ebn n\u00ebse kishin kryer vizit\u00eb te nj\u00eb mjek profesionist p\u00ebr depresion, 2% e grave dhe 4% e burrave u p\u00ebrgjigj\u00ebn pozitivisht. T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e gjetura nga anketa n\u00eb raport me diagnozat tregojn\u00eb se depresioni \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje e n\u00ebndiagnostikuar n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb dyja gjinit\u00eb, depresioni rritet me mosh\u00ebn dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb n\u00eb zonat rurale dhe m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb e personave me arsim t\u00eb lart\u00eb.<\/span> Farmacit\u00eb: Konsumi i antidepresiv\u00ebve, n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb shpejt\u00eb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave konfidenciale nga Drejtoria e P\u00ebrgjithshme e Doganave, importet e Loram-it, Xanax-it dhe Citolex-it jan\u00eb rritur ndjesh\u00ebm tre vitet e fundit. P\u00ebr vitin 2016, ato jan\u00eb 6-17% m\u00eb t\u00eb larta sipas llojit t\u00eb medikamentit. M\u00eb 2016, u zhdoganuan 195,137 pako Loram (2.5 miligram\u00eb) nga 167,000 m\u00eb 2015, me nj\u00eb rritje vjetore 18%. Me ritme dyshifrore (11%) jan\u00eb rritur edhe importet e Xanax-it dhe rritje 6% edhe ato t\u00eb Ciltolex-it. Burimet n\u00eb dogana pohojn\u00eb se ritmet e rritjes s\u00eb importeve t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre medikamenteve kan\u00eb qen\u00eb t\u00eb larta n\u00eb dy vitet paraardh\u00ebse.<\/span><\/p>\n \u201cMonitor\u201d b\u00ebri m\u00eb her\u00ebt nj\u00eb vrojtim n\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 20 farmaci n\u00eb rajonin Tiran\u00eb-Durr\u00ebs, 18 prej t\u00eb cilave pohuan nj\u00ebz\u00ebri se \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur konsumi i antidepresiv\u00ebve, nd\u00ebrsa 2 refuzuan t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjigjen. N\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, farmacit\u00eb e pyetura ishin n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e spitaleve, \u201cMedreses\u00eb\u201d, \u201cSiri Kodr\u00ebs\u201d, \u201c5 Majit\u201d dhe n\u00eb zon\u00ebn e ish-Bllokut. Pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e shitjes s\u00eb medikamenteve pohuan se \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar konsumi nga moshat 25-40 vje\u00e7.<\/span><\/p>\n Loram-i, nj\u00eb medikament popullor kund\u00ebr shenjave t\u00eb para t\u00eb stresit dhe depresionit q\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri konsumohej m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti nga t\u00eb moshuarit me Parkinson dhe Alzhaimer, tani po merret nga moshat e reja, pohojn\u00eb farmacist\u00ebt. Shumica e tyre pohuan se k\u00ebto medikamente po konsumohen nga kategori t\u00eb shoq\u00ebris\u00eb q\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb nuk ishin klient\u00eb. Biznesmen\u00eb, punonj\u00ebs t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs, persona n\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi ekonomike, personat q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm dhe adoleshent\u00ebt jan\u00eb klient\u00ebt e rinj t\u00eb antidepresiv\u00ebve, pohojn\u00eb farmacist\u00ebt. Ata shtojn\u00eb se ka nj\u00eb num\u00ebr t\u00eb madh personash q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb t\u00eb blejn\u00eb pa recet\u00eb qet\u00ebsues p\u00ebr gjum\u00eb, si Diazepam etj.<\/span><\/p>\n Gjithashtu shumica e farmacive t\u00eb pyetura pohuan se \u00ebsht\u00eb shtuar numri i t\u00eb rinjve q\u00eb konsumojn\u00eb antidepresiv\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb rritur numri i rasteve nga t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb q\u00eb konsumojn\u00eb hashash, efekti i t\u00eb cilit n\u00eb disa persona \u00ebsht\u00eb gjendja e depresionit. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoruesit e hashashit, n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme, po p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsim t\u00eb sh\u00ebndetit mendor e p\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, po konsumojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb antidepresiv\u00eb. Farmacit\u00eb n\u00eb rajonin e Durr\u00ebsit pohuan kryesisht fenomenin e depresionit nga p\u00ebrdoruesit e hashashit. Nd\u00ebrsa nj\u00ebsit\u00eb e shitjes s\u00eb ila\u00e7eve n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb pohuan se konsumator\u00ebt e antidepresiv\u00ebve jan\u00eb kryesisht t\u00eb ardhurit n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt gjenden n\u00ebn presionin e ndryshimit t\u00eb kushteve t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs dhe p\u00ebrshtatjes me kultura t\u00eb tjera.<\/span><\/p>\n Arjana Rreli, mjeke psikiat\u00ebr n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, tha se depresioni \u00ebsht\u00eb s\u00ebmundje e n\u00ebndiagnostikuar n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb kultur\u00ebs p\u00ebr trajtim q\u00eb ka shoq\u00ebria jon\u00eb. Mjek\u00ebt pohojn\u00eb se mbetet shqet\u00ebsues fakti q\u00eb kjo kategori personash nuk u drejtohet mjek\u00ebve specialist\u00eb dhe tentojn\u00eb mjekim amator pa recet\u00ebn e mjekut. Konsumi i qet\u00ebsuesve pa recet\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i lart\u00eb dhe se t\u00eb prekurit nga depresioni e p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsojn\u00eb edhe m\u00eb tej situat\u00ebn, duke u trajtuar n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb. P\u00ebrve\u00e7se me depresion, ata krijojn\u00eb var\u00ebsi nga medikamenti, duke e b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb pas mjekimin protokollar edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Kostot ekonomike<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Dy vitet e fundit, shqiptar\u00ebt jan\u00eb populli q\u00eb kan\u00eb emigruar m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, pas vendeve t\u00eb Lindjes s\u00eb Mesme q\u00eb jan\u00eb n\u00eb luft\u00eb si Siria. Nga viti 2015 deri m\u00eb 2017, kan\u00eb k\u00ebrkuar azil n\u00eb vendet e BE-s\u00eb rreth 200 mij\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb. Mjek\u00ebt shpjegojn\u00eb se emigracioni \u00ebsht\u00eb treguesi m\u00eb i qart\u00eb se vendi \u00ebsht\u00eb duke kaluar nj\u00eb situat\u00eb jo t\u00eb mir\u00eb psikologjike. Psikiatrja Arjana Rreli, pohon se faktori ekonomik, p\u00ebrve\u00e7 predispozit\u00ebs biologjike, \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr m\u00eb kryesor\u00ebt q\u00eb krijon depresion.<\/span><\/p>\n Ajo shton se s\u00ebmundjet e sh\u00ebndetit mendor kan\u00eb kosto t\u00eb shum\u00ebfishta n\u00eb jet\u00ebn ekonomike dhe sociale t\u00eb nj\u00eb vendi. Nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri q\u00eb ka stres t\u00eb shtuar dhe depresion, m\u00eb e pakta q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e eficenc\u00ebs, d.m.th. e t\u00eb b\u00ebrit t\u00eb gj\u00ebrave mir\u00eb. Por nga ana tjet\u00ebr, trajtimi i s\u00ebmundjeve mendore \u00ebsht\u00eb i kushtuesh\u00ebm. K\u00ebta persona k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb angazhimin e shum\u00eb burimeve t\u00eb tjera si njer\u00ebzore edhe materiale. Medikamentet q\u00eb trajtojn\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin mendor kushtojn\u00eb shum\u00eb, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb depresioni nuk zgjedh. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim, Shqip\u00ebria nj\u00eb vend i vog\u00ebl, por me problematika t\u00eb mprehta, nuk ka mjete t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar me dinjitet k\u00ebto kategori pacient\u00ebsh q\u00eb po shtohen \u00e7do dit\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb, \u2013 shton doktoresh\u00eb Arjana.<\/span><\/p>\n Studimet globale mbi depresionin kan\u00eb gjetur se, fenomeni \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i p\u00ebrhapur n\u00eb vendet n\u00eb tranzicion. S\u00ebmundja po vjen n\u00eb rritje gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb. Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndetit ka gjetur se njer\u00ebzit e prekur nga \u00e7rregullimet mendore, kryesisht depresioni, kan\u00eb performanc\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb pun\u00eb, sigurojn\u00eb pak t\u00eb ardhura dhe kan\u00eb cil\u00ebsi t\u00eb ul\u00ebt martese. K\u00ebto s\u00ebmundje b\u00ebhen shkak p\u00ebr invaliditet, vdekje m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme, shumica e t\u00eb cilave jan\u00eb vet\u00ebvrasje.<\/span><\/p>\n Organizata Bot\u00ebrore e Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb i rendit \u00e7rregullimet depresive si faktorin e kat\u00ebrt q\u00eb krijon aft\u00ebsin\u00eb e kufizuar, por deri m\u00eb 2020, OBSH vler\u00ebson se depresioni do t\u00eb jet\u00eb shkaku i dyt\u00eb. Edhe pse t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat p\u00ebr prevalenc\u00ebn dhe kostot e depresionit nuk ekzistojn\u00eb p\u00ebr shumic\u00ebn e vendeve, anketat psikiatrike jan\u00eb kryer n\u00eb shum\u00eb vende t\u00eb zhvilluara, si dhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr n\u00eb rritje t\u00eb vendeve n\u00eb zhvillim dhe rezultatet tregojn\u00eb rritje t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjes.<\/span> FAKTOR\u00cbT E RREZIKUT, FRENOHET KONSUMI I CIGAREVE DHE ALKOOLIT<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Konsumi i cigareve \u00ebsht\u00eb burimi kryesor i s\u00ebmundjeve t\u00eb parandalueshme dhe vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb parakohshme. Kanceri i mushk\u00ebrive \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb prej shkaqeve kryesore t\u00eb vdekjes nga kanceri dhe shkaktohet nga pirja e duhanit.<\/span><\/p>\n Duhanpir\u00ebsit gjithashtu jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ekspozuar nga lloje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb kancerit si ai i faringut, laringut, ezofagut, pankreasit, veshkave dhe fshik\u00ebz\u00ebs. Pirja e duhanit \u00ebsht\u00eb ndikon gjithashtu te s\u00ebmundjet kardiovaskulare. Anketa gjeti se 36% e meshkujve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 pinin duhan, n\u00eb raport me 43% q\u00eb ishte duhanpirja n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb grupmosh\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2008.<\/span> Mes meshkujve, p\u00ebrqindja e duhanpir\u00ebsve zvog\u00eblohet ndjesh\u00ebm me nivelin arsimor. 58% e personave me arsim fillor dhe vet\u00ebm 31% e personave me universitet pin\u00eb cigare. Ky krahasim nuk vlen p\u00ebr femrat, pasi pirja e duhanit nis e rritet me nivelin arsimor.<\/span> Duhanpir\u00ebsit meshkuj kan\u00eb tendenc\u00eb t\u00eb pin\u00eb duhan m\u00eb tep\u00ebr se femrat. Rreth 23% e duhanpir\u00ebseve meshkuj t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 raportojn\u00eb se pin\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 25 cigare n\u00eb dit\u00eb, krahasuar me vet\u00ebm 3% t\u00eb duhanpir\u00ebsve femra. Duhanpirja \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga burimet m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb s\u00ebmundshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb parandalueshme dhe vdekshm\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb parakohshme. Kanceri i mushk\u00ebrive \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaku kryesor i vdekjes q\u00eb shkaktohet nga pirja e duhanit.<\/span> Anketa tregoi se nj\u00eb n\u00eb kat\u00ebr (25%) femra t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 raporton pirjen e alkoolit 1 deri n\u00eb 3 her\u00eb n\u00eb muaj, 3% raportojn\u00eb se pin\u00eb 1 deri n\u00eb 4 dit\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb dhe vet\u00ebm 1% thon\u00eb se pin\u00eb 5 ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb dit\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb. Meshkujt pin\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se grat\u00eb. Nj\u00eb e treta e tyre raportojn\u00eb se pin\u00eb 1 deri n\u00eb 3 dit\u00eb n\u00eb muaj, 20% raportuan se pin\u00eb 1 deri n\u00eb 4 dit\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb, dhe 6%, 5 ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb dit\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebrqindja e femrave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 q\u00eb konsumojn\u00eb alkool 1 deri n\u00eb 3 her\u00eb n\u00eb muaj u rrit nga 12% m\u00eb 2008 n\u00eb 25% n\u00eb 2018, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrqindja q\u00eb pi 1 deri n\u00eb 4 her\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb u ul nga 5% m\u00eb 2008 n\u00eb 3% n\u00eb 2018. Nj\u00eb trend i ngjash\u00ebm \u00ebsht\u00eb v\u00ebrejtur te meshkujt. P\u00ebrqindja q\u00eb konsumon alkool 1 deri n\u00eb 3 her\u00eb n\u00eb muaj \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nga 17% n\u00eb 2008 n\u00eb 33% m\u00eb 2018, nd\u00ebrsa ka pasur r\u00ebnie t\u00eb leht\u00eb t\u00eb meshkujve q\u00eb pin\u00eb kat\u00ebr dit\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb nga 23% n\u00eb 2008 n\u00eb 20% n\u00eb 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb proporcion duke pir\u00eb 1 deri n\u00eb 4 dit\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb. Grat\u00eb n\u00eb zonat urbane konsumojn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb alkool, pasi 29% e tyre pin\u00eb 1 deri n\u00eb 3 her\u00eb n\u00eb muaj, krahasuar me 18% e grave n\u00eb zonat rurale. Pasuria e familjes \u00ebsht\u00eb e lidhur fort me konsumin e alkoolit, pasi rreth 40% e grave t\u00eb pasura konsumojn\u00eb alkool nj\u00eb ose dy dit\u00eb muaj.<\/span><\/p>\n SHQIPTAR\u00cbT, DREJT OBEZITETIT PA KONTROLL<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Dieta e pakontrolluar dhe mungesa e aktivitetit fizik po i \u00e7on shqiptar\u00ebt me shpejt\u00ebsi drejt obezitetit. Kjo situat\u00eb b\u00ebhet shkak, nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera, ndaj ekspozimit kundrejt s\u00ebmundjeve vdekjeprur\u00ebse. Nj\u00eb anket\u00eb e Institutit t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndetit Publik dhe INSTAT gjeti se n\u00eb 2018, rreth 45% e femrave dhe 53% e meshkujve n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 15-49 vje\u00e7 ishin mbipesh\u00eb ose obez\u00eb. Gjysma e femrave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 kan\u00eb pesh\u00eb normale, 4% jan\u00eb t\u00eb dob\u00ebta dhe 45% jan\u00eb mbipesh\u00eb ose obeze.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebrqindja e femrave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 n\u00ebn pesh\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur leht\u00eb nga 3% n\u00eb 2008 n\u00eb 4% m\u00eb 2018. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn periudh\u00eb, p\u00ebrqindja e femrave mbipesh\u00eb u rrit nga 39% n\u00eb vitin 2008 n\u00eb 45% m\u00eb 2018. P\u00ebrqindja e femrave mbipesh\u00eb ose obeze rritet ndjesh\u00ebm me mosh\u00ebn, nga 14% te femrat e mosh\u00ebs 15-19 vje\u00e7 b\u00eb 75% te femrat e mosh\u00ebs 40-49 vje\u00e7.<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrqindja e femrave q\u00eb jan\u00eb mbipesh\u00eb ose obeze zvog\u00eblohet me rritjen e nivelit t\u00eb arsimit, nga 49% n\u00eb femrat me arsim fillor dhe 4-vje\u00e7ar n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se 35% n\u00eb mesin e atyre me universitet. Nd\u00ebrmjet meshkujve 15-49 vje\u00e7, 39% kan\u00eb pesh\u00eb normale, 2% jan\u00eb n\u00ebn pesh\u00eb dhe gati 60% jan\u00eb mbipesh\u00eb ose obez\u00eb. P\u00ebrqindja e meshkujve n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 15-49 vje\u00e7 n\u00ebn pesh\u00eb u rrit leht\u00eb nga 1% n\u00eb 2008 n\u00eb 2% n\u00eb 2018. P\u00ebrqindja e meshkujve mbipesh\u00eb ose obez\u00eb mbeti e pandryshuar n\u00eb 53%.<\/span><\/p>\n Ashtu si edhe te femrat, p\u00ebrqindja e meshkujve q\u00eb jan\u00eb mbipesh\u00eb ose obez\u00eb rritet ndjesh\u00ebm me mosh\u00ebn, nga 14% q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb obeziteti n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn 15-19 vje\u00e7, shkon n\u00eb 76% te meshkujt e mosh\u00ebs 40-49 vje\u00e7. P\u00ebrqindjet e meshkujve me pesh\u00eb normale jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta n\u00eb zonat rurale (48%) sesa n\u00eb zonat urbane (43%). P\u00ebrqindja e meshkujve mbipesh\u00eb dhe obez\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt n\u00eb nivelin e ul\u00ebt arsimor dhe m\u00eb e lart\u00eb n\u00eb nivelet m\u00eb t\u00eb avancuara t\u00eb arsimit. Af\u00ebrsisht 60% e meshkujve me universitet dhe n\u00eb kuintilin e lart\u00eb t\u00eb pasuris\u00eb jan\u00eb mbipesh\u00eb ose obez\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Pijet e d\u00ebmshme me sheqer t\u00eb shtuar, shqiptar\u00ebt i konsumojn\u00eb rregullisht<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Pije t\u00eb buta dhe pijet me p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb lart\u00eb sheqeri t\u00eb shtuar krijojn\u00eb mjaft probleme n\u00eb sh\u00ebndet. Acidet dhe sheqernat q\u00eb gjenden n\u00eb l\u00ebngjet e buta industriale b\u00ebhen shkak p\u00ebr kariesin dentar dhe erozionin e smaltit t\u00eb dh\u00ebmb\u00ebve. Shum\u00eb studime kan\u00eb gjetur se konsumi i madh i l\u00ebngjeve t\u00eb buta krijon obezitet tek f\u00ebmij\u00ebt dhe adoleshent\u00ebt, duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb nga shkaktar\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdhenj t\u00eb diabetit n\u00eb moshat e reja.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar nivelin e konsumit t\u00eb pijeve me p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb sheqerit, t\u00eb anketuarit u pyet\u00ebn n\u00ebse kishin pir\u00eb l\u00ebngje t\u00eb buta me sheqer t\u00eb shtuar 7 dit\u00eb para sondazhit. Nd\u00ebr femrat e mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7, 25% kishin pir\u00eb 1 ose 2 pije t\u00eb buta, 32% kishin pir\u00eb 3 deri n\u00eb 6 nga k\u00ebto pije, 6% kishin pir\u00eb 7 ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe 36% raportuan se nuk kishin pir\u00eb pije me sheqer gjat\u00eb 7 dit\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit.<\/span><\/p>\n Konsumi i pijeve me sheqer \u00ebsht\u00eb pak m\u00eb i zakont\u00eb te meshkujt e k\u00ebsaj grup-moshe, pasi 17% kishin pir\u00eb 1 ose 2 pije me sheqer gjat\u00eb 7 dit\u00ebve, 30% kishin pir\u00eb 3 deri n\u00eb 6 her\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb, 10% kishin pir\u00eb gjat\u00eb shtat\u00eb dit\u00ebve dhe 42% raportuan se nuk kan\u00eb pir\u00eb pije me sheqer n\u00eb 7 dit\u00ebt e fundit. Konsumi i pijeve t\u00eb buta \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i shpesht\u00eb te moshat e reja n\u00eb shtres\u00ebn me arsim t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, si p\u00ebr meshkujt edhe p\u00ebr femrat. Personat me arsim fillor pinin pije me sheqer thuajse gjat\u00eb 7 dit\u00ebve t\u00eb jav\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n Konsumi i yndyrave, 90% p\u00ebrdorin vaj vegjetal, 6% gjalp\u00eb<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n N\u00eb terma t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm, gatimi me vajra bimor\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i preferuesh\u00ebm, pasi ato kan\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb yndyr\u00ebs s\u00eb ngopur, nd\u00ebrsa vajrat vegjetal\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt. Marrja e yndyrave t\u00eb ngopura shoq\u00ebrohet me rritje t\u00eb rrezikut t\u00eb s\u00ebmundjeve jo t\u00eb transmetueshme, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb s\u00ebmundjet koronare t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, obezitetin dhe diabetin. Mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmendim disa vajra bimor\u00eb si vaji i palm\u00ebs, vaji i kokosit, t\u00eb cilat kan\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajtje t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb yndyrave t\u00eb ngopura.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar konsumimin e vajrave dhe yndyrave, t\u00eb anketuarit u pyet\u00ebn se \u00e7far\u00eb lloj vaji ose yndyre p\u00ebrdornin m\u00eb shpesh gjat\u00eb gatimit. Rreth 91% e grat\u00eb dhe 86% e burrave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 raportuan se vaji i perimeve \u00ebsht\u00eb lloji m\u00eb i p\u00ebrdorur. Gjalpi p\u00ebrdoret m\u00eb pak, n\u00eb 6% t\u00eb rasteve. Konsumi i gjalpit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb n\u00eb zonat rurale. Konsumi i yndyrave t\u00eb kafsh\u00ebve, i cili mbart nj\u00eb potencial m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb rreziku, \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb i pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb popullsin\u00eb e Dibr\u00ebs dhe Kuk\u00ebsit dhe Shkodr\u00ebs. Gjithashtu u evidentua se gjalpi gjen p\u00ebrdorim gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb shtresat m\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb larta.<\/span><\/p>\n Frutat dhe perimet, vet\u00ebm 37% e grave dhe 14% e burrave i konsumojn\u00eb rregullisht<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Studime t\u00eb shumta tregojn\u00eb se konsumi i rregullt i frutave dhe perimeve lidhet me reduktimin e rreziqeve t\u00eb kancerit, s\u00ebmundjeve kardiovaskulare, s\u00ebmundjes s\u00eb Alzheimerit. Konsumi i frutave dhe perimeve ofron nd\u00ebr t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebrfitime sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore edhe n\u00eb parandalimin e s\u00ebmundjeve kronike. N\u00eb terma t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm rekomandohet konsumi i tre ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb frutave dhe tre ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb perimeve n\u00eb dit\u00eb sipas Departamentit Amerikan t\u00eb Sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n P\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar modelet e konsumimit t\u00eb frutave dhe perimeve, t\u00eb anketuarit u pyet\u00ebn n\u00ebse kishin konsumuar fruta dhe perime n\u00eb dit\u00ebn para studimit dhe se \u00e7far\u00eb frutash ose perimesh kishin konsumuar. 37% e femrave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 dhe 14% e meshkujve kishin marr\u00eb sasin\u00eb e rekomanduar t\u00eb frutave (tre ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb tilla n\u00eb dit\u00ebn para studimit. Pak m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 80% e burrave dhe grave kan\u00eb konsumuar 1 deri n\u00eb 3 lloje perimesh n\u00eb dit\u00eb, por vet\u00ebm 7% e grave dhe 3% e meshkujve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 kishin konsumuar numrin e rekomanduar t\u00eb perimeve (kat\u00ebr ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb) n\u00eb dit\u00ebn para studimit.<\/span><\/p>\n Numri i rekomanduar i frutave (tre ose m\u00eb shum\u00eb lloje) n\u00eb dit\u00ebn para studimit u konsumuan m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti n\u00eb zonat urbane (40%) se sa n\u00eb zonat rurale (32%). Konsumi i frutave gjithashtu gjen rritje n\u00eb mesin e njer\u00ebzve t\u00eb arsimuar dhe ata me nivel m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb pasuris\u00eb.<\/span> Studimi v\u00ebrejti se konsumi i frutave dhe perimeve ndryshon sipas qarkut. N\u00eb prefekturat e Shkodr\u00ebs, Beratit, Gjirokastr\u00ebs, Kor\u00e7\u00ebs, m\u00eb pak se 1% e grave dhe 0% e meshkujve kishte kombinimin e rekomanduar t\u00eb frutave dhe perimeve, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb Dib\u00ebr, 13% e femrave dhe 12% e meshkujve, dhe n\u00eb Kuk\u00ebs, 14% e femrave dhe 18% e meshkujve, kishin kombinimin e rekomanduar t\u00eb frutave dhe perimeve.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n STILI I JET\u00cbS, RRETH 80% E SHQIPTAR\u00cbVE NUK B\u00cbJN\u00cb AKTIVITET FIZIK<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Aktiviteti fizik \u00ebsht\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mir\u00ebfunksionimit t\u00eb zemr\u00ebs, si dhe t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trupit. Ushtrimet fizike gjithashtu jan\u00eb me shum\u00eb dobi edhe p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin mendor. P\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar nivelet e ushtrimit aerobik n\u00eb nj\u00eb jav\u00eb tipike, t\u00eb anketuarit u pyet\u00ebn n\u00ebse b\u00ebnin aktivitete si ecja, \u00e7iklizmi, loj\u00ebra etj., n\u00eb nj\u00eb jav\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme.<\/span><\/p>\n N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, 12% e femrave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 raportojn\u00eb se b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb lloj forme t\u00eb st\u00ebrvitjes aerobike 5 deri n\u00eb 7 dit\u00eb t\u00eb jav\u00ebs, 4% i b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebto ushtrime 3 ose 4 her\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb, 3% i b\u00ebjn\u00eb ato 1 ose 2 her\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb dhe 82% nuk b\u00ebjn\u00eb ushtrime aerobike asnj\u00eb dit\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n Nd\u00ebr meshkujt n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn mosh\u00eb, 11% ushtrojn\u00eb 5-7 her\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb aktivitet fizik, 7% ushtrojn\u00eb 1 deri n\u00eb 4 her\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb, dhe 76% nuk b\u00ebjn\u00eb asnj\u00eb lloj ushtrimi aerobik. Praktika e ushtrimeve aerobike ndryshon n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb konsiderueshme sipas prefekturave. Proporcioni e grave q\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb 5-7 dit\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb 19% n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb, krahasuar me 3% n\u00eb Durr\u00ebs dhe 2% n\u00eb Shkod\u00ebr. Teksa arsimi shihet t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndikim n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb drejtim pasi 13% e femrave me universitet angazhohen n\u00eb st\u00ebrvitje aerobike 5-7 dit\u00eb n\u00eb jav\u00eb. N\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb ngjashme, 14% e meshkujve me arsim t\u00eb lart\u00eb ushtrojn\u00eb aktivitet fizik rregullisht p\u00ebr 7 dit\u00eb t\u00eb jav\u00ebs.<\/span><\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n Gjetjet kryesore nga anketa n\u00eb terren<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n -Hipertensioni i matur:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n 24% e femrave dhe 38% e meshkujve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 kishin hipertension n\u00eb momentin matjes.<\/span><\/p>\n -Hipertensioni i matur dhe i diagnostikuar:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Vet\u00ebm 1 n\u00eb 4 femra dhe 1 n\u00eb 5 meshkuj t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 kan\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb t\u00eb diagnostikuar me hipertension.<\/span><\/p>\n \u2013Paaft\u00ebsit\u00eb kronike t\u00eb vet\u00ebraportuara:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Prevalenca e vet\u00ebraportuar paaft\u00ebsi kronike \u00ebsht\u00eb 3% dhe 2%, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht p\u00ebr femrat dhe meshkujt e mosh\u00ebs 15-59 vje\u00e7.<\/span><\/p>\n -P\u00ebrparimi i statusit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n Shumica e femrave dhe meshkujve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-59 vje\u00e7 nuk perceptojn\u00eb asnj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin e tyre gjat\u00eb 12 muajvr para studimit (p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht 62% dhe 68%).<\/span><\/p>\n -Njohurit\u00eb mbi kancerin<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n M\u00eb pak se 1 n\u00eb 10 femra t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-59 vje\u00e7 nuk kan\u00eb d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr mamografin\u00eb dhe Pap Testin.<\/span><\/p>\n -P\u00ebrvoja e fundit e depresionit:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n 13% e femrave dhe 18% e meshkujve t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-59 vje\u00e7 raportuan se ishin n\u00eb depresion gjat\u00eb gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebs dy jav\u00eb para sondazhit, nd\u00ebrsa rreth 50% kan\u00eb raportuar se kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar depresion n\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre.<\/span><\/p>\n Depresioni i diagnostikuar:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n
\n Krahasim me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e 2018-s p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin e popullat\u00ebs tregon se obeziteti \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur m\u00eb tej p\u00ebr femrat. P\u00ebrqindja e meshkujve mbipesh\u00eb ose obez\u00eb ishte 53% n\u00eb vitin 2018, e nj\u00ebjt\u00eb si n\u00eb vitin 2008, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebrqindja e femrave mbipesh\u00eb ose obez\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nga 39% n\u00eb 2008 n\u00eb 45% n\u00eb vitin 2018.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n P\u00ebrhapja e hipertensionit bazuar n\u00eb diagnozat mjek\u00ebsore t\u00eb m\u00ebparshme rritet ndjesh\u00ebm me mosh\u00ebn. Grat\u00eb me status arsimor t\u00eb p\u00ebrparuar kan\u00eb qen\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb prira p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb diagnoz\u00eb nga mjek\u00ebt profesionist\u00eb t\u00eb fush\u00ebs n\u00eb raport me grat\u00eb me arsim fillor, por kjo ndasi nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e madhe p\u00ebr meshkujt e s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs grupmosh\u00eb.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/hashtag.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Perqindja-e-grave-dhe-burrave-me-presion-te-larte-te-qarkullimit-te-gjakut-sipas-grupmoshave-865.jpg\")
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\n Rreth 22% e grave me arsim 8-vje\u00e7ar ndiheshin shum\u00eb n\u00eb depresion dhe 9% e tyre jan\u00eb diagnostikuar me depresion, teksa nd\u00ebr ato me arsim universitar, k\u00ebto p\u00ebrmasa ishin shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta. Gjendja ekonomike \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb faktor themelor q\u00eb \u00e7on n\u00eb depresion. 14% e grave n\u00eb rangun m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb pasuris\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrjetuar depresion p\u00ebr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb dhe 4% kan\u00eb raportuar se jan\u00eb n\u00eb depresion gjith\u00eb koh\u00ebs edhe gjat\u00eb periudh\u00ebs s\u00eb sondazhit.<\/span>
\n N\u00eb mesin e grave n\u00eb kategorin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb t\u00eb pasuris\u00eb, prevalenca e depresionit \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/hashtag.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Perqindja-e-grave-dhe-burrave-me-pervoje-depresioni-2-jave-para-studimit-865.jpg\")
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\n Kosto e s\u00ebmundjes dhe hulumtimet rreth saj kan\u00eb treguar se depresioni krijon nj\u00eb barr\u00eb t\u00eb madhe ekonomike. Nj\u00eb studim i fundit tregon se depresioni i kushton SHBA-s\u00eb 210 miliard\u00eb dollar\u00eb n\u00eb vit. Sipas studimit, 40% e k\u00ebsaj shume \u00ebsht\u00eb kosto e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb q\u00eb lidhet me depresionin, por shumica jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhura me sh\u00ebndetin mendor, si ankthi dhe stresi post-traumatik.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n Gjetjet treguan se duhanpirja tek femrat \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur me 1% n\u00eb dekad\u00ebn e fundit. Studimi evidentoi se 5% e femrave t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs 15-49 vje\u00e7 ishin duhanpir\u00ebse.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n N\u00eb mesin e meshkujve, p\u00ebrqindja e duhanpir\u00ebsve ndryshon gjer\u00ebsisht n\u00eb prefektura, nga 23% n\u00eb Kor\u00e7\u00eb dhe 26% n\u00eb Kuk\u00ebs, n\u00eb 42% n\u00eb Tiran\u00eb dhe 45% n\u00eb Vlor\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa te femrat, p\u00ebrqindja e duhanpir\u00ebsve rritet me pasurin\u00eb e familjes, nga 3% n\u00eb kuintilin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb 8% n\u00eb at\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb, por ky modeli nuk vlen p\u00ebr meshkujt.<\/span><\/p>\n
\n P\u00ebrdorimi i alkoolit gjithashtu \u00ebsht\u00eb me risk n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin publik p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb lidhjes s\u00eb tij me s\u00ebmundje t\u00eb ndryshme dhe shkakton probleme akute, fizike, psikologjike dhe t\u00eb sjelljes. Intoksikimi akut mund t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb efekte serioze negative, edhe nd\u00ebr individ\u00ebt q\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrjetojn\u00eb var\u00ebsi nga alkooli. Problemet sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore q\u00eb lidhen me alkoolin sjellin rreziqe n\u00eb l\u00ebndimin fizik dhe \u00e7rregullime vdekjeprur\u00ebse t\u00eb sistemit nervor, kardiovaskular dhe sistemet e frym\u00ebmarrjes.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/hashtag.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Perqindja-e-duhanpiresve-sipas-prefekturave-865.jpg\")
![\"\"](\"https:\/\/hashtag.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Trendi-i-duhanpirjes-e-duhanpiresve-ndaj-totalit-865.jpg\")
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\n Rekomandohet q\u00eb adoleshent\u00ebt aktiv\u00eb dhe t\u00eb rriturit, q\u00eb konsumojn\u00eb rreth 2,200 kalori n\u00eb dit\u00eb, t\u00eb ken\u00eb n\u00eb regjimin e tyre ushqimor kat\u00ebr lloje perimesh dhe tre lloje frutash. Vet\u00ebm 5% e femrave dhe 2% e meshkujve 15-49 vje\u00e7 kishin konsumuar numrin e rekomanduar t\u00eb frutave dhe perimeve nj\u00eb dit\u00eb para studimit.<\/span><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/hashtag.al\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/Perqindja-e-personave-qe-konsumojne-fruta-dhe-perime-sipas-racioneve-865.jpg\")
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